1、WiMAX技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì):過去、現(xiàn)在與未來長(zhǎng)庚大學(xué)資訊工程學(xué)系 陳仁暉 副教授: (03) 211-8800 Ext: 5990: jhchen.twURL: .tw/jhchenDecember 16, 2021OutlineBackgroundIEEE 802.16 Standardization and WiMAX ForumWiMAX Systems & Protocols OverviewIntroduction to IEEE 8021.6j & IEEE 802.16mUsage modelsWork plane and documentsRequirements & evalua

2、tion methodologyNetwork architecture & reference modelAdvanced features & challenges of IEEE 802.16mNext Wave Technologies in WiMAX.Wireless Standards4 main usage segments are specifiedRange, Power, Source：拓墣產(chǎn)業(yè)研討所，2004.02WII.WiMAX on the Path of Fixed/Mobile ConvergenceFixedMobileWill Convergence Wi

3、-FiWCDMA802.16 (WiMAX)Spectrum2.4G, 5.8GHz (Unlicensed)Around 2GHz (Licensed)211, 1066 GHz(Licensed, Unlicensed)Channel AccessContention-based Scheduled ScheduledBit RateUp to 54MbpsUp to 2MbpsUp to 75 MbpsMobilityFixed, PortableMobileFixed, Portable, MobileModulation SchemeCDMA, OFDMCDMAOFDM, OFDMA

4、Typical Communication Range100s meters10s kilo-meters10s kilo-meters.Deployment of WiMAX ServiceSource: WiMAX Forum/SiemensBackhaul FeedingPoint-to-point link for fixed infrastructureFixed Wireless AccessWireless local loop for hot-spot feedingNomadic AccessCPEs in hot-zone access the service direct

5、lyPortable/Mobile AccessHandover function enabling mobile data feeding.Why WiMAX?Even having Sprint win, WiMAX is still a mid-term to long-term technology.OutlineBackgroundIEEE 802.16 Standardization and WiMAX ForumWiMAX Systems & Protocols OverviewIntroduction to IEEE 802.16j & IEEE 802.16mUsage mo

6、delsWork plane and documentsRequirements & evaluation methodologyNetwork architecture & reference modelAdvanced features & challenges of IEEE 802.16mNext Wave Technologies in WiMAX.Background of IEEE 802.161998: IEEE 802 SG on “Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) (Prof. Roger B. Mark, Chair, IEEE 802.16

7、 WG, Jan. 2001)1999: 1st IEEE 802.16 ProjectScope: PHY and MAC layer of the air interface of interoperable fixed point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access systems. The specification enables transport of data, video, and voice services. It applies to systems operating in the vicinity of 30 GHz bu

8、t is broadly applicable to systems operating between 10 and 66 GHz.IEEE 802.16 Standards802.16MAC +10-66GHz PHY802.16a2-11GHz PHY802.16cConformance802.16-2004Revision802.16eMobility802.16/Cor1Maintenance802.16e-2005Revision802.16h-2021License Exempt802.16jMulti-hop Relay802.16fMIB (fixed)802.16iMIB

9、(mobile)802.16gManagement802.16kBridging802.16/Conf0110GHz PICS802.16/Conf0310GHz RCT802.16/Conf0210GHzTSS & TP802.16/Conf0411Ghz PICS802.16.2-2001Coexistence802.16.2-2004RevisionManagementCoexistenceConformanceAir Interface: finalized and published: under development802.16mNext GenerationWiMAX2802.

10、16Rev2Consolidate.WiMAX Forum/WiMAX ForumWiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave AccessFormed in Apr 2001, by Intel, Proxim, Airspan, Fujitsu, etc.500+ members including Intel, R&S, Alvarion, Wavesat, PicoChip, Sony, Samsung, Nokia, TI, ADI, III, ITRI, etc.Major MissionsTo promote deployment

11、 of BWA by using a global standard and certifying interoperability of products and technologies.Develop baseline test specs, to facilitate the global interoperability of products and technologiesSupport IEEE 802.16 standardsWiMAX Product Certification802.16-2004 CPE: Wavesat, Airspan, Siemens, 802.1

12、6-2004 BS: Aperto, Redline, Sequans, Airspan, Siemens, Preparing for 802.16e complianceWiMAX ForumTWGTechnicalCWGCertificationNWGNetworkSPWGService ProviderRWGRegulatoryAWGApplicationEWGEvolutionaryGRWGGlobal roamingMWGMarketing.WiMAX Forum CertificationWiMAX equipments are certified by WiMAX Forum

13、after passing the certification tests of WFDCL (WiMAX Forum Designated Certification Laboratory)Certification process includes Radio Conformance Test (RCT), Protocol Conformance Test (PCT), and Interoperability Test (IOT)46 CPEs and 35 BSs have been certified by WiMAX Forum (due Dec. 2021)CPEWFDCLBS

14、全球市場(chǎng).PlugfestWiMAX論壇所舉辦之插拔大會(huì)(Plugfest)是讓W(xué)iMAX設(shè)備供應(yīng)廠商將其所開發(fā)之產(chǎn)品，在進(jìn)行正式互通性測(cè)試之前，彼此間先進(jìn)行互通互連預(yù)先測(cè)試的活動(dòng)，以驗(yàn)證能否符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，並對(duì)產(chǎn)品作必要的修正以增進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的互通功能。參與插拔大會(huì)的廠商在獲得產(chǎn)品的根本互通功能驗(yàn)證後，WiMAX論壇即會(huì)頒予參與測(cè)試的設(shè)備供應(yīng)廠商通過互通驗(yàn)證的活動(dòng)標(biāo)章，廠商可將其列於行銷文宣中進(jìn)行宣傳。.IEEE 802.16 vs. WiMAX ForumIEEE 802.16 Standards802.16 d/e define data and control plane functions

15、 in wireless PHY/MAC802.16 f/g/i define management plane functions (NETMAN)WiMAX NWGASN (Access Service Network) part of WiMAX network is defined by WiMAX Forum NWGWiMAX CWG/TWGTechnical Incorporation with IEEE 802.16Product Certification and Product InteroperabilityWiMAX MACWiMAX PHYData/Control Pl

16、aneMACManagementEntityPHYManagementEntityManagement PlaneASN Control&Transport FunctionsConnectivity ServiceNetwork(CSN) .OutlineBackgroundIEEE 802.16 Standardization and WiMAX ForumWiMAX Systems & Protocols OverviewIntroduction to IEEE 802.16j & IEEE 802.16mUsage modelsWork plane and documentsRequi

17、rements & evaluation methodologyNetwork architecture & reference modelAdvanced features & challenges of IEEE 802.16mNext Wave Technologies in WiMAX.WiMAX Network Reference ModelASN: Access Service NetworkCSN: Connectivity Service NetworkNAP: Network Access ProvidersASP: Application Service ProviderS

18、ource: WiMAX ForumASN.WiMAX Network ArchitectureASN GWASN GWWiMAX BSWiMAX BSWiMAX SSWiMAX MSWiMAX MSR1R6R8R3R3R6R6R6R1R1R1R1R4R8MS: Mobile StationSS: Stationary StationRx: Reference point xASN GW: Access Service Network GatewayIntra-ASN Mobility: R6, R8Inter-ASN Mobility: R3, R4Source: WiMAX Forum.N

19、CMS Generic Part NCMS RRM support PartBS Radio Access PlaneBS Backbone PlaneNCMS Generic Part NCMS RRM support PartBS Radio Access PlaneBS Backbone PlaneWiMAX CPE, BS and ASN GW (16d)802.16 PHY802.16 MACRRM & HandoverAir Link SecurityIP and GRE ServicesEthernetSFM/RRAGateway &RouterServiceIntra ASN

20、MobilityWiMAX Network ManagementDP FnCLI / SNMPAgentWiMAX BSWiMAX ASN Gateway802.16 PHY802.16 MACAir Link SecurityCPE ApplicationWiMAX CPEUDP/TCP/IPIP and GRE TunnelSFA/RRCDP FnCLI: Existed Tech: Developed in 2006: Chipset provider.802.16e MACNCMS Generic Part NCMS RRM support PartBS Radio Access Pl

21、aneBS Backbone PlaneNCMS Generic Part NCMS RRM support PartBS Radio Access PlaneBS Backbone PlaneWiMAX CPE, BS and ASN GW (16e)802.16 PHY802.16e MACEthernetGateway &RouterServiceCLI / SNMPAgent (802.16i) WiMAX BSWiMAX ASN Gatewayand AuthenticatorEAPWiMAX CPEPKMv2CLI: Existed Tech: Developed in 2007:

22、 Chipset providerPKMv2PKMv1RRM & HandoverEthernetRADIUSAAA ServerIPEAP MethodGRE/IP TunnelDP CtrlSFMRRAPaging AgentHandover FnContext FnAuth RelayGRE/IP TunnelDP CtrlSFARRMPaging ControlIntra ASN MobilityContext FnAuth RelayEAP802.16 PHYEAP MethodR1R2Transport ProtocolTransport ProtocolRADIUSEtherne

23、tR6R3.OutlineBackgroundIEEE 802.16 Standardization and WiMAX ForumWiMAX Systems & Protocols OverviewIntroduction to IEEE 8021.6j & IEEE 802.16mUsage modelsWork plane and documentsRequirements & evaluation methodologyNetwork architecture & reference modelAdvanced features & challenges of IEEE 802.16m

24、Next Wave Technologies in WiMAX.Future Technologies in WiMAX802.16j Multi-hop RelayAiming at developing relay based on IEEE802.16e, to gain:Coverage extension, andThroughput enhancementScopeTo specify OFDMA PHY and MAC enhancement to IEEE Std. 802.16 for licensed bands to enable the operation of rel

25、ay stationsSubscriber station specifications are not changedP802.16m Next Generation WiMAX2Advanced Air Interface for BWA in the futureMoving towards 4GScope: To amend the IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN-OFDMA to provide an advanced air interface for operation in licensed bands To meet the cellular layer re

26、quirements of IMT-Advanced next generation mobile networksTo provide continuing support for legacy WirelessMAN-OFDMA equipment.IEEE 802.16j Multihop RelayBenefits of Using RelayBSLRSRSRSRSLoad sharing and multi-path redundancy: reduces infrastructure costs!RSSpectrally efficient architectures: reduc

27、es costly antenna structures!RSDecreased Mobile Station power per bit transmitted and received: increases MS battery life!RSFlexible cell site placement: speeds deployment, reduces site acquisition and backhaul costs! RSRSRSBut, issues to be resolved Latency and overhead increase with each hop Infra

28、structure complexity Interference still limits performanceSource: Intel, 2006 .cost(total) Nuser*cost( ) + cost(system)cost(system) NBS *(cost( ) + cost( to BS) + other( ) NBS Wuser = average user capacity to produce serviceWsystem = maximum capacity per base stationRmax = maximum base station cell

29、radiusCost of Mobile SystemsNote: cost = PV(CAPEX) + PV(OPEX)Keys to lower the infrastructure cost.Topics and Categories in 16jFrame StructureNetwork EntrySecurity BW requestMobility ManagementRouting, Path, Connection and Service Flow ManagementsConstruction & transmission of MAC PDUsHARQMeasuremen

30、t & reportingRRM, Scheduling & Interference controlPHYOther MAC.IEEE 802.16m Overview of IEEE 802.16m ProgramSince January 2007, the IEEE 802.16 Working Group has embarked on development of a new amendment of the IEEE 802.16 standard (i.e., IEEE 802.16m) in order to meet the requirements of ITU-R/IM

31、T-Advanced (System Beyond IMT-2000, fixed 1Gbps, mobile 100Mbps) for 4G systems while maintaining full backward compatibility with the existing mobile WiMAX systems.The standardization of IEEE 802.16m and release 2.0 of mobile WiMAX profile are expected to complete by the end of 2021.IEEE 802.16m ut

32、ilizes OFDMA as the preferred multiple access method in the downlink and uplink to provide the state-of-the-art broadband wireless access in the next decade.16m DocumentationUsage Models/Deployment Scenarios & System RequirementsA set of possible deployment scenarios and applications of the P802.16m

33、 standardEvaluation MethodologyA complete set of parameters, models, and methodologies for the link-level and system-level simulations that allow fair evaluation/comparison of various technical proposals.Channels Models: A set of spatial channel model parameters are specified to characterize particu

34、lar features of MIMO radio channels to be used for simulating technical proposals for the future P802.16m standardSystem description document (SDD)P802.16m amendment802.16 IMT-Advanced Proposal.Development Schedule of 16mCall for SDD details issued in Jul 08First Call for Proposals for 802.16m Text

35、issued in Jul 08Sep 07*Jan08* Nov 08*Initial P.Working DocMar 09Letter BallotSponsor BallotSep 09Nov 08Nov 07Jan 09IEEE 802.16m802.16mAmendmentIMT Advanced ProposalSystem DescriptionSystem RequirementsEvaluationMethodologyITU-R IMT AdvancedIMT.TECHIMT.EVALIMT.RADIOJun 08 Oct 08 Proposal SubmissionJa

36、n09First Call for Proposals for SDD issued in Sept 07Circular LetterJun 08 Proposal Evaluation & Consensus BuildingDevelop Recommendation Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4200720212021Q1Q2Q3Q4AprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOc

37、tNovDecQ1Q2Q3Q42021Oct 09 Jun 10 Final ProposalSept 09*System Requirements and Evaluation Methodology, System Description, IMT-Advanced Proposal Documents may be further updated based on ITU output (shown by dotted lines). 802.16m amendment is dependent on the 802.16Rev2 Project completionITU based

38、UpdatesRefinementsAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecIEEE 802.16ITU-R WP5DMar 10ITU based UpdatesFinalized.System Requirements of 16m (1)Additional RequirementsIMT-AdvancedIEEE 802.16mPeak data rate(b

39、/s/Hz/sector)DL: 15 (4x4)UL: 6.75 (2x4)DL: 8.0/15.0 (2x2/4x4)UL: 2.8/6.75 (1x2/2x4)Cell spectral efficiency(b/s/Hz/sector)DL (4x2) = 2.2UL (2x4) = 1.4(Base coverage urban)DL (2x2) = 2.6UL (1x2) = 1.3(Mixed Mobility)Cell edge user spectral efficiency (b/s/Hz)DL (4x2) = 0.06UL (2x4) = 0.03(Base covera

40、ge urban) DL (2x2) = 0.09UL (1x2) = 0.05(Mixed Mobility)LatencyC-plane: 100 ms (idle to active)U-plane: 10 msC-plane: 100 ms (idle to active)U-plane: 10 msMobilityb/s/Hz at km/h0.55 at 120 km/h0.25 at 350 km/hOptimal performance up to 10 km/h“Graceful degradation” up to 120 km/h“Connectivity” up to

41、350 km/hUp to 500 km/h depending on operating frequencyHandover interruption time (ms)Intra frequency: 27.5 Inter frequency: 40 (in a band)60 (between bands)Intra frequency: 27.5 Inter frequency: 40 (in a band)60 (between bands)VoIP capacity(Active users/sector/MHz)40 (4x2 and 2x4)(Base coverage urb

42、an)30 (DL 2x2 and UL 1x2)IEEE 802.16m functional and performance requirements are more comprehensive and more stringent than IMT-Advanced requirementsSource: IEEE 802.16m.System Requirements of 16m (2)Additional RequirementsIMT-AdvancedIEEE 802.16mAntenna ConfigurationNot specifiedDL: 2x2 (baseline)

43、, 2x4, 4x2, 4x4, 8x8UL: 1x2 (baseline), 1x4, 2x4, 4x4Cell Range and CoverageNot specifiedUp to 100 km with optimal performance up to 5 kmMulticast and Broadcast Service (MBS)Not specified4 bps/Hz for ISD 0.5 km and 2 bps/Hz for ISD 1.5 kmMBS channel reselection interruption timeNot specified1.0 s (i

44、ntra-frequency) 1.5 s (inter-frequency)Location based services (LBS)Not specifiedLocation determination latency 30 sMS-based position determination accuracy 50 mNetwork-based position determination accuracy 100 mOperating bandwidthUp to 40 MHz (with aggregation)5 to 20 MHz (up to 100 MHz through ban

45、d aggregation)Duplex schemeNot specifiedTDD, FDD (support for H-FDD terminals)Operating frequenciesIMT bandsIMT bands (below 6 GHz)Source: IEEE 802.16mIEEE 802.16m is suitable for a large set of usage models, applications, and services.Evaluation MethodologyThe objective of IEEE 802.16m evaluation m

46、ethodology is to define link-level and system-level simulation models and associated parameters that shall be used in the evaluation and comparison of technology proposals for IEEE 802.16mEvaluation CriteriaModeling RequirementsLink Level ModelSystem Level ModelPropagation and Channel ModelAntenna P

47、atternTraffic ModelFairness CriterionPerformance MetricsSimulation Simulation FrameworkSimulation MethodologySimulation ProcedureSimulation Results and Evaluation ReportSource: IEEE 802.16m.Overall 16m Network ArchitectureSource: IEEE 802.16mSimilar to 16e network architecture defined by WiMAX Forum

48、 NWG.Connections in 16mSource: IEEE 802.16mIn addition to BS and MS, RS (Relay Station) is also included in 16m.System Reference Model of 16mIEEE 802.16mData/Control PlaneIEEE 802.16f/g NetMANManagement PlanePhysical Layer(PHY)PHY SAPSecurity Sub-LayerMedium AccessControl FunctionsRadio ResourceCont

49、rolandManagement FunctionsMAC SAPConvergenceSub-LayerCS SAPSecurity Sub-LayerManagement LayerCommon PartSub-LayerManagement EntityPhysical LayerManagement EntityService SpecificConvergence Sub-LayerRANControlandTransportFunctionsWiMAX NWGRANArchitectureExternalNetworksMAC Common-Part Sub-LayerOutsid

50、e IEEE 802.16m Scope.OutlineBackgroundIEEE 802.16 Standardization and WiMAX ForumWiMAX Systems & Protocols OverviewIntroduction to IEEE 8021.6j & IEEE 802.16mUsage modelsWork plane and documentsRequirements & evaluation methodologyNetwork architecture & reference modelAdvanced features & challenges

51、of IEEE 802.16mNext Wave Technologies in WiMAX.Advanced Features & Challenges of 16m (1)Unified single-user/multi-user MIMO Architecturesupport various advanced multi-antenna processing techniques including open-loop and closed single-user/multi-user MIMO schemes (single stream and multi-stream)Supp

52、ort multi-cell MIMO techniquesMulti-carrier supportThe RF carriers may be of different bandwidths and can be non-contiguous or belong to different frequency bandsThe channels may be of different duplexing modes, e.g. FDD, TDDSupport wider band (up to 100MHz) by BW aggregation across contiguous or no

53、n-contiguous channels.Advanced Features & Challenges of 16m (2)Multi-hop relay-enabled architectureImprove the SINR in the cell for coverage extension and throughput enhancementSupport of femto-cells and self-organization Femto-cells are low power BS at homes achieving FMC Self-configuration by allo

54、wing real plug and play installation of network nodes and cellsSelf-optimization by allowing automated or autonomous optimization of network performance with respect to service availability, QoS, network efficiency and throughput.Advanced Features & Challenges of 16m (3)Enhanced multicast and broadc

55、ast serviceMulti-carriers with dedicated broadcast only carriers Single/multi-BS MBSMulti-RAT operation and handover Support interworking with IEEE 802.11, GSM/EDGE, 3GPP, 3GPP2, CDMA2000etc.Multi-radio coexistenceMS reports its co-located radio activities to BSAccordingly, BS can operates properly via scheduling to support multi-radio coexistence.Advanced Features & Challenges 16m (4)Advanced interference mitigationInterference-aware BS coordination to minimize inter-cell interferenceFractional frequency reuse and Tx beamforming to