1、藥效學(xué)藥動(dòng)學(xué)臨床藥理學(xué)免疫藥理學(xué)分子藥理學(xué)定量藥理學(xué)時(shí)辰藥理學(xué)化學(xué)治療學(xué)抗代謝藥激動(dòng)藥完全激動(dòng)藥拮抗藥完全拮抗藥部分拮抗藥部分激動(dòng)藥自身活性物質(zhì)藥物吸收藥物分布藥物代謝藥物排泄藥物體內(nèi)過(guò)程藥物處置藥物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)藥物轉(zhuǎn)化被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)易化轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白結(jié)合自由藥物結(jié)合藥物一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)零級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)線(xiàn)性動(dòng)力學(xué)濃度- 時(shí)間曲線(xiàn)濃度- 時(shí)間曲線(xiàn)下面積濃度- 效應(yīng)曲線(xiàn)藥物代謝酶肝藥酶代謝產(chǎn)物半衰期血漿半衰期生物半衰期穩(wěn)態(tài)血藥濃度穩(wěn)態(tài)血藥濃度峰值穩(wěn)態(tài)血藥濃度谷值穩(wěn)態(tài)血藥濃度均值表觀(guān)分布容積消除消除速率常數(shù)清除率蓄積生物轉(zhuǎn)化作用效應(yīng)作用部位作用方式興奮血管松弛藥血管緊張素高效能利尿藥低效能利尿藥留鉀利尿藥惡心性祛痰藥稀釋性

2、祛痰藥潤(rùn)滑性瀉藥容積性瀉藥刺激性瀉藥峻瀉藥抗消化性潰瘍藥磷酸二酯酶抑制藥口服降血糖藥醛甾酮類(lèi)藥促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素類(lèi)藥黃體激素類(lèi)藥化學(xué)治療藥磺胺類(lèi)藥硝基呋喃類(lèi)藥廣譜抗生素窄譜抗生素抗黑熱病藥受體調(diào)控性通道電壓調(diào)控性通道治療作用不良反應(yīng)毒性反應(yīng)成癮性習(xí)慣性后效應(yīng)停藥綜合征特異質(zhì)單向交叉抗藥性雙向交叉抗藥性戒斷癥狀順從性外用閾劑量非消化道給藥鼻腔黏膜給藥快速耐受脫敏受體調(diào)節(jié)生理適應(yīng)性對(duì)抗療法順勢(shì)療法植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)藥抗腎上腺素藥腎上腺素受體阻滯藥膽堿受體阻滯藥膽堿酯酶抑制藥激動(dòng)拮抗增強(qiáng)相加協(xié)同阻滯阻滯藥效能向上調(diào)節(jié)向下調(diào)節(jié)增敏耐受選擇性直接作用間接作用原發(fā)作用繼發(fā)作用反射作用始初反應(yīng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性拮抗可逆性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性

3、拮抗非可逆性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性拮抗非平衡性拮抗鎮(zhèn)靜安定晝夜節(jié)律不應(yīng)性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)介質(zhì)調(diào)質(zhì)介質(zhì)耗竭介質(zhì)排空偽遞質(zhì)攝取再攝取致畸作用靶生物學(xué)特異性化學(xué)特異性親和力內(nèi)在活性?xún)?chǔ)備性受體受體儲(chǔ)備體外試驗(yàn)體內(nèi)試驗(yàn)半體內(nèi)試驗(yàn)化學(xué)性拮抗生理性拮抗藥動(dòng)學(xué)拮抗肝腸循環(huán)首關(guān)效應(yīng)載體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)代謝性降解一室模型二室模型三室模型多室模型易化擴(kuò)散易位生物檢定平行測(cè)定安慰劑序貫試驗(yàn)瀑布超灌流技術(shù)廣譜抗蠕蟲(chóng)藥自由基清除劑氫離子泵抑制藥免疫佐藥呼吸興奮藥?kù)o脈麻醉藥吸入麻醉藥非甾體消炎藥多巴胺拮抗藥外周性脫羧酶抑制藥子宮興奮藥血容量擴(kuò)充藥滲壓性利尿藥強(qiáng)心苷類(lèi)抗休克藥毒理學(xué)毒物中毒毒作用毒效應(yīng)毒性毒性試驗(yàn)選擇毒性急性毒性亞急性毒性慢性毒性長(zhǎng)期毒性延遲毒

4、性毒素內(nèi)毒素外毒素動(dòng)物毒素植物毒素蜈蚣毒液蝎子毒液蜜蜂毒液蟾毒素生物毒蛇毒液細(xì)胞中毒神經(jīng)中毒胚胎中I毒心臟中毒毒效學(xué)毒動(dòng)學(xué)光毒反應(yīng)光敏反應(yīng)半數(shù)中毒量半數(shù)致死量半數(shù)致死濃度絕對(duì)致死量絕對(duì)致死濃度最大耐受量最大耐受濃度最小致死量最小致死濃度蓄積毒性安全界限安全因素安全范圍安全評(píng)價(jià)藥物成癮性毒物代謝危害性無(wú)毒性效應(yīng)劑量每日允許攝入量藥物變態(tài)反應(yīng)藥物過(guò)敏反應(yīng)利弊權(quán)衡沙利度胺事件定群調(diào)查病例對(duì)照研究預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值時(shí)辰毒性近似致死劑量雙相死亡率外推系數(shù)不良反應(yīng)閾遠(yuǎn)期效應(yīng)時(shí)間效應(yīng)曲線(xiàn)劑量效應(yīng)曲線(xiàn)質(zhì)反應(yīng)量反應(yīng)急性閾劑量急性閾濃度急性毒效應(yīng)區(qū)慢性閾劑量慢性閾濃度慢性毒效應(yīng)區(qū)允許殘留量解偶聯(lián)劑靶器官急效應(yīng)區(qū)細(xì)菌回復(fù)突變

5、試驗(yàn)刺激試驗(yàn)溶血試驗(yàn)微核試驗(yàn)肉毒桿菌毒素毒物分布顯性致死試驗(yàn)劑量效應(yīng)關(guān)系生育指數(shù)胚胎發(fā)育胚胎吸收胚胎毒性基因突變遺傳毒性致癌物毒性試驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)原則肝毒物引發(fā)劑促進(jìn)劑不可逆效應(yīng)可逆效應(yīng)畸形半數(shù)致死時(shí)間致死突變腎毒物前致癌物致癌物腎毒性短期毒性毒性癥狀姐妹染色體互換慢反應(yīng)物質(zhì)A致畸原非程序DNA合成實(shí)際安全量異常外遺傳致癌物次級(jí)致癌物致癌作用染色體斷裂助癌劑延遲神經(jīng)毒性直接致癌物誘變性致畸性致癌性間接致癌物直接誘變物間接誘變物DNA損傷試驗(yàn)化學(xué)致癌劑換窩異親撫養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)終致癌物原癌基因引發(fā)階段促進(jìn)階段潛在致癌物生態(tài)毒理學(xué)環(huán)境毒理學(xué)食品毒理學(xué)吸入毒理學(xué)生化毒理學(xué)遺傳毒理學(xué)臨床毒理學(xué)行為毒理學(xué)呼吸系統(tǒng)毒理學(xué)心

6、血管系統(tǒng)毒理學(xué)生殖毒理學(xué)工業(yè)毒理學(xué)發(fā)育毒理學(xué)器官毒理學(xué)法醫(yī)毒理學(xué)神經(jīng)毒理學(xué)血液毒理學(xué)肝臟毒理學(xué)腎臟毒理學(xué)皮膚毒理學(xué)眼毒理學(xué)放射毒理學(xué)免疫毒理學(xué)耳毒理學(xué)毒物監(jiān)測(cè)解毒毒理學(xué)家有毒的產(chǎn)毒性毒素恐怖親毒素的毒素治療毒原毒素受體膜毒理學(xué)毒理病理學(xué)藥物毒性藥物毒理學(xué)藥物遺傳學(xué)藥物流行病學(xué)環(huán)境藥理學(xué)老年藥理學(xué)老年藥學(xué)圍生期藥理學(xué)量子藥理學(xué)液體閃爍計(jì)數(shù)抑制周邊室富血小板血漿貧血小板血漿交叉耐受腦室內(nèi)注射腎上腺素受體隔室模型隔室三致實(shí)驗(yàn)受體藥物篩選藥物評(píng)價(jià)實(shí)驗(yàn)治療抗輻射藥抗肝炎藥細(xì)胞中毒類(lèi)藥外源物雙盲法交叉設(shè)計(jì)藥物潛伏化pharmacokineticspharmacodynamicsclinical pharm

7、acologyimmunopharmacologymolecular pharmacologyquantitative pharmacologychronopharmacologychemotherapyantimetaboliteagonistfull agonistantagonistfull antagonistpartial antagonistpartial agonistautacoidabsorption of drugdistribution of drugmetabolism of drugexcretion of drugfate of drugdisposition of

8、 drugtransport of drugtransformation of drugpassive transportactive transportfacilitory transportprotein bindingfree drugbound drugfirst order kineticszero order kineticslinear kineticsconcentration-time curvearea under the concentration-time curve, AUCconcentration-effect curvedrug metabolism enzym

9、eliver drug enzymemetabolitehalf-lifeplasma half-lifebiological half-lifesteady plasma-drug concentrationmaximum value of steady plasma-drugconcentration minimum value of steady plasma-drugconcentration mean value of steady plasmadrug concentrationapparent volume of distributioneliminationeliminatio

10、n rate constantclearanceaccumulationbiotransformationactioneffectsite of actionmode of actionstimulationvessel relaxantangiotensinhigh ceiling diureticlow ceiling diureticpotassium-sparing diureticnauseous expectorantdiluent expectorantemollient laxativeosmotic laxativeirritant laxativedrastic purga

11、tiveantiulcer drugphosphodiesterase inhibitororal hypoglycemicaldosteronescorticotropinsluteoidschemotherapeutic drugsulfonamidesnitrofuransbroad spectrum antibioticnarrow spectrum antibioticanti-kala-azar drugreceptor operated channelvoltage operated channeltherapeutic actionuntoward reactiontoxic

12、reactionaddictionhabituationafter effectwithdrawal syndromeidiosyncrasymonodirectional cross resistancebidirectional cross resistanceabstinence syndromecomplianceexternal applicationthreshold doseparenteral administrationnasal administrationtachyphylaxisdesensitizationreceptor regulationphysiologica

13、l adaptionallopathyhomeopathyautonomicantiadrenergicadrenoreceptor blockercholinoreceptor blockercholinesterase inhibitoragonismantagonismpotentiationadditionsynergismblockblocade, blockerefficacyup regulationdown regulationsensitizationtoleranceselectivitydirect actionindirect actionprimary actions

14、econdary actionreflex actioninitial responsecompetitive antagonismreversible competitive antagonismirreversible competitive antagonismnon-equilibrium competitive anta-gonismsedativetranquilizecircadian rhythmrefractorinessneurotransmittermediatormodulatormediator exhaustionmediator depletionfalse tr

15、ansmitteruptakere-uptaketeratogenesistargetbiological specificitychemical specificityaffinityintrinsic activityspare receptorreceptor reservein vitro testin vivo testex vivo testchemical antagonismphysiological antagonismpharmacokinetic antagonismhepato-enteric circulation,enterohepatic circulationf

16、irst pass effectcarrier transportmetabolic degradationone-compartment modeltwo-compartment modelthree-compartment modelmulti-compartment modelfacilitate diffusiontranslocationbioassayparallel assayplacebosequential trialcascade superfusion techniquebroad spectrum antihelminticfree radical cleanerH+

17、-pump inhibitorimmunological adjuvantrespiration stimulantintravenous anestheticinhalation anestheticnon-steroid antiinflammatory drugdopamine antagonistperipheral decarboxylase inhibitoruterus stimulantplasma volume expanderosmotic diureticcardiac glycosidesantishock drugtoxicologytoxicant, poisoni

18、ntoxicationtoxic actiontoxic effecttoxicitytoxicity testselective toxicityacute toxicitysubacute toxicitychronic toxicitylong term toxicitydelayed toxicitytoxinendotoxinexotoxinzootoxinphytotoxincentipede venomscorpion venommeltittin venombufotoxinbiotoxinsnake venomcytotoxicneurotoxicembryotoxiccar

19、diotoxictoxicodynamicstoxicokineticsphototoxic reactionphotosensitivity reactionmedian toxic dose, TD50median lethal dose, LD50median lethal concentration, LC50absolute lethal doseabsolute lethal concentrationmaximum tolerated dose, MTDmaximum tolerated concentration,MTCminimum lethal dose, MLDminim

20、um lethal concentration,MLCcumulative toxicitymargin of safetysafety factorssafety rangesafety evaluationdrug addictiontoxicant metabolismhazardness non-observed effect dose, NOED acceptable daily intake, ADI drug allergy drug anaphylaxis benefit-risk balance thalidomide event cohort study case cont

21、rol study predictive value chronotoxicity approximate lethal dose, ALDtwo phase mortalityextrapolation coefficientthreshold of adverse effectremote effecttime effect curvedose effect curvequalitative responsequantitative responseacute threshold doseacute threshold concentrationacute toxic effect zon

22、echronic threshold dosechronic threshold concentrationchronic toxic effect zoneallowable residue limituncoupling agentstarget organacute effect zoneAmes testirritant testhemolytic testmicronucleus testbotulinum toxindistribution of toxicantdominant lethal testdose-effect relationshipfertility indexf

23、etal developmentfetal resorptionfetal toxicitygene mutationgenotoxic carcinogensguideline for toxicity studyhepatotoxicantinitiatorpromoterirreversible effectreversible effectmalformationmedian lethal time, LT50lethal mutationnephrotoxicantprocarcinogencarcinogenrenal toxicityshort term toxicitysign

24、s of toxicitysister chromatid exchange, SCEslow reacting substance-Ateratogenunscheduled DNA synthesisvirtual safety doseabnormalityepigenetic carcinogenssecondary carcinogenscarcinogenesischromosomal aberrationcocarcinogensdelayed neurotoxicitydirectly acting carcinogensmutagenecityteratogenecityca

25、rcinogenecityindirect acting carcinogensdirect acting mutagensindirect acting mutagensDNA injured testchemical carcinogenslitters cross fostering studyultimate carcinogensproto-oncogeneinitiating stagepromoting stagepotential carcinogenecotoxicologyenvironmental toxicologyfood toxicologyinhalation toxicologybiochemical toxicologygenetic toxicologyclinical toxicologybehavioral toxicologyrespiratory toxicologycardiovascular toxicologyreproductive toxicologyindustrial toxicologydevelopmental toxicologyorgan toxicologyforensic toxicology