1、定語從句定語從句就是修飾名詞的從句，也稱之為“形容詞”從句，因?yàn)樗墓δ茴愃朴谛稳菰~。定語從句所修飾的名詞稱之為“先行詞”，如果“先行詞”在從句里面充當(dāng)賓語，那么whom 或者 which 可以省略。定語從句特征有二：1，定語從句一般出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)名詞后面；2，定語從句一般來說從句的句子不完整。定語從句的學(xué)習(xí)有兩點(diǎn)：1，懂得從句還原；2 ，定語從句可以省略，對(duì)主句的語法沒影響。所謂還原，就是先行詞代入從句里，可以使從句完整。例 1：Students who have inborn talents can attend additional classes.先行詞：students從句：who ha

2、ve inborn talents從句還原：students have inborn talents主句：Students can attend additional classesWhere, when, in which, by which 出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，定語從句一般是個(gè)完整的句子，因?yàn)橄刃性~在從句里不是充當(dāng)主語或者賓語，而是狀語的一部分。例 2：Children are raised in an environment where they are ex先行詞：environment從句：where=in which, in which they are exed toed to.從句還原

3、：he environment, they are exed to主句：Children are raised in an environment非限制性定從句可以修飾前面整句話，也可以修 飾一個(gè)名詞修飾一個(gè)名詞例句：Many people today gather information on the ernet, which is an efficient approach to broaden knowledge.從句修飾ernet, 而不可能特指某個(gè)ernet.限制性定從句只能限定一個(gè)名限定（或者是特指）一個(gè)名詞定語從句練習(xí)1. 大學(xué)應(yīng)該給那些符合入學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的學(xué)生提供多點(diǎn)機(jī)會(huì)。主句：大學(xué)

4、應(yīng)該給學(xué)生提供多點(diǎn)機(jī)會(huì)。Universities should offer more opportunities to the students who can meet the admis standard2. 小孩受到他們每天生活中所遇到的人影響。主句：小孩受到人影響。Children are affected by the people (whom) they meet in daily life.3. 大學(xué)應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)多點(diǎn)符合學(xué)生個(gè)人需要的課程。主句：大學(xué)應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)多點(diǎn)課程。Universities should design more coursest meet the needs of

5、students學(xué)生需要懂得處理現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中遇到的問題。主句：學(xué)生需要懂得處理問題。Students should know how to deal with problemst they encounter in real lifes4. 很多學(xué)生都沒有接受大學(xué)教育，這對(duì)他們的職業(yè)是個(gè)。主句：很多學(xué)生都沒有接受大學(xué)教育。Many students do not receive tertiary education, which is a challenge to their occupations5. 很多大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后都喜歡留在城市，在那里，他們能找到好工作。詞例句：The informati

6、ont is available online may not be reliable.從句特指某種信息（網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的信息）。主句：很多大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后都喜歡留在城市。Graduates prefer to25minutes6. 大學(xué)生可以參加志愿工作，通過這個(gè)工作，他們可以提高技能。主句：大學(xué)生可以參加志愿工作。College students can participate in vo their skills.teer work, by/through which they are able to improve第一個(gè)一定要用 can，不能用 be able to，因?yàn)楹笳呤切枰邆湟欢ǖ哪芰Σ?/p>

7、可以vulnerable group 弱勢(shì)群體7. 大學(xué)生的人數(shù)一直都保持在 100 萬直到 2000 年，在那之后人數(shù)急劇上升。主句：大學(xué)生的人數(shù)一直都保持在 100 萬直到 2000 年。The number of college students remained at 1.000.000 until 2000, after which the numberincreased raly/sharply.8. 男生的數(shù)目比的數(shù)目高，在 2000 年，男生占了（account for）大學(xué)生的 70%。主句：男生的數(shù)目比的數(shù)目高(outnumber)，在 2000 年。The number

8、of male students was largernt of female students in 2000, when the malestudents accounted for 70% of the whole students.Males outnumbered femalethe proportion of something was 70%對(duì)something accounted for 70%對(duì)the proportion of something accounted for 70%錯(cuò)誤Students who study overseas are ex communicat

9、ion with people from raed to different cultures, so they are able to handle lly diverse backgrounds (c)As the world is increasinglyerconnected, many countries now import goods, includingagricultural produce（農(nóng)產(chǎn)品）, from overseas.上課講的題目（可以根據(jù)詞伙講座的 ABc 來寫一些句子） 50 分鐘Multi-cultural societies, in which ther

10、e is a mixture of different ethnic peoples, bring morebenefitsn drawbacks to a country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Sol consequence，Hold negative views on immigrants,Immigrant communities/ethniccommunity, Multi-ethnic community/multi-cultural areas, Damage cultural life, Enrichsociety, S

11、ol cohe,build community relations,sol ten,enegative stereotypes , Contribute to segregation, divide communities, develop a vided society,drive people apart, Assimilateo the local community,egrateo mainstream society,separate from mainstream society, Communication barrier,cross-cultural communication

12、,culturalerchange, A divergent way of thinking, diversify the workforce開頭段As the world is increasinglyerconnected, many plaare now inhabited by people fromrally diverse backgrounds（ a variety of backgrounds）. Is sparked the controversyt the overall effect isover the impact of cultural diversity on c

13、ountries, and I be itive.ve經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的角度觀點(diǎn)的原因：原因的擴(kuò)展：觀點(diǎn)（中心句）：A 不同文化背景的人使得社會(huì)文化多元化B 多國文化互相交流C 本國文化取長補(bǔ)短，利于本國文化發(fā)展A 文化多元性沖擊本國文化B 本國傳統(tǒng)文化，文明遺失C 不利于社會(huì)穩(wěn)定科技發(fā)展的角度觀點(diǎn)的原因：原因的擴(kuò)展：觀點(diǎn)（中心句）：社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的角度觀點(diǎn)的原因：原因的擴(kuò)展：觀點(diǎn)（中心句）：課后 ABC 思考題：Topic: Some people think develocountry should inviarge foreign company to openoffice and factory t

14、o grow their economies.Otheople think the develocountryshould keep the large company out and develop local company instead. Discuss and give your own opinion.詞伙：economic problems/woes, competitive advantage/edge, attract/court investment,foreign direct investment, domestic industry, domestic firm, a

15、dvanced technology, ense/stiff competition, job creation, job creator, job opportunities經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的角度觀點(diǎn)的原因：外國企業(yè)帶來投資，雇傭原因的擴(kuò)展：促進(jìn)就業(yè)，帶來觀點(diǎn)（中心句）：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展科技發(fā)展的角度觀點(diǎn)的原因：外國企業(yè)帶來技術(shù)原因的擴(kuò)展：提高當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力的水平觀點(diǎn)（中心句）：促進(jìn)技術(shù)提高和革新經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的角度觀點(diǎn)的原因：外國企業(yè)造成原因的擴(kuò)展：當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)觀點(diǎn)（中心句）：社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定Topic:ernational travel often leads people to have some prejudirath

16、ern broad-minded. What are the main reasons for this phenomenon? What do you think people can do to get a better understanding of the countries they visit?題目：ernational travel, prejudice, broad-minded問題形式：類詞伙：national stereotype, prone to preconception, an unbalanced/one-sided view of,misguided view

17、 of/notion about, unfounded/unfavourable stereotype, tourist destination/holiday destination, project image, prejudiced images, reflect reality, change perception, indigenous people/inhabitant, play host to, indigenous culture, languagemunication barrier,個(gè)人價(jià)值觀的角度觀點(diǎn)的原因：用自己的文化去判斷其他文化原因的擴(kuò)展：容易認(rèn)為其他文化不恰當(dāng)（

18、譬如說覺得西方人開放，西方人覺得不夠禮貌）觀點(diǎn)（中心句）：文化差異導(dǎo)致偏見個(gè)人價(jià)值觀的角度觀點(diǎn)的原因：不能和當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽敿?xì)交流原因的擴(kuò)展：只能按照自己的有限體驗(yàn)，對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕谐善娴目捶ㄓ^點(diǎn)（中心句）：語言差異和交流Topic 3: some people arguet the culture of a region can be used for attracting tourists,so the culture can be protected. To what extent do you agree or disagree?詞伙：Tourist destination, scenic sp

19、ot, plaoferestIndigenous culture, indigenous peopleCultural heritage, heritage building, landmark buildingCommerl prere, commerlisationAdapt to the marketplace, cater for touristsFirms directly or indirectly serving the tourism industryJob creatorsWays of life, lifestyles and customs, sol norms, tra

20、ditional livelihoodsABCA游客的需要和價(jià)值觀-B 改變文化 （譬如說建筑物，生活方式）滿足游客C 破壞文化A 經(jīng)濟(jì)利益文化的價(jià)值，重視文化BC 保護(hù)文化A 吸引全球關(guān)注B 世界機(jī)構(gòu)保護(hù)文化C 保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕疶opic 4: Today, it issible for people to buy a wide variety of foods transported from allover the world. To what extent do you think drawbacks?t the benefits of the development outweighA

21、 飲食均衡B的營養(yǎng)C 健康One benefit of importing foods from overseas ist it can improve the health of localconsumers. Some out-of-season foods are available for people, because of this practice, and itis easier to keep a balanced diet. Nutritionake can be increased, so it is cleart peopleface a reduced risk of

22、 suffering from health problems related to malnutrition. This is particularly important for areas where food shortage is a problem in extreme weather conditions.A 適合生產(chǎn)某種食物B 出口C 創(chuàng)收This practice is also supported by those people who bevet this can create economicbenefits. Some countries spelise in spe

23、cific crops, either because they are at an advantageechnology or because they have natural resourt support the growth of these plants.They can thul their produce to overseas consumers and earn revenues, which can give aboost to the economy of the local community.A 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈BC 失業(yè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)影響On the other hand, on

24、e problem of purchasing foreign-made foodstuffs ist it may haveeconomic consequen. Once imported food items pour in, local farmers or food producersmay have to face fierce competition, and as a result, they can go brupt if their marketshare shrinks. This may lead to massive job cuts, which can have

25、a follow-on effect on the economy.課后語法思考題：當(dāng)定語從句用來修飾一句話的時(shí)候，類似于什么狀語從句？定語從句什么時(shí)候和條件狀語從句差不多？如果先行詞前面有形容詞，為什么定語從句很多時(shí)候是非限制性定語從句？為什么 why, where, when 后面的句子是完整的句子，而 which 和 who 后面的句子是不完整的句子？例子：Many schools focus on bright students, who are normally not satisfied with ordinaryclasses.限制性定語從句和同位語從句前面都有個(gè)名詞，它們的區(qū)別

26、是？5.當(dāng)定語從句用來修飾一句話的時(shí)候，類似于什么狀語從句？很多時(shí)候，類似于結(jié)果狀語從句例子：many students can now study in elite universities, which improves their job prospects.等于 many students can now study in elite universities, so they can improve their job prospects.1.定語從句什么時(shí)候和條件狀語從句差不多？有時(shí)候，可以將條件狀語從句改成定語從句。例子：If students geto top universities, they can improve their job prospects.2.等于 Students who geto top universities can improve their job prospects.如果先行詞前面有形容詞，為什么定語從句很多時(shí)候是非限制性定語從句？因?yàn)橛行稳菰~的時(shí)候，名詞因此作了限定，再用限制性定語從句就比較別扭3.例子：People areprospects.erested in uni