1、詞性與句子成分 一、詞性的分類 一、詞性的分類 詞性又叫詞類（part of speech），英語單詞根據其在句子中的功用，可以分十個大類。 十大詞類名詞-表示人或事物的名稱形容詞-表示人或事物的特征副詞-修飾動詞、形容詞、或其他副詞動詞-表示動作或狀態(tài)代詞-代替名詞、數詞數詞-表示數量或順序冠詞-限制名詞的意義介詞-表示名詞、代詞和其他詞的關系連詞-連接詞與詞或句與句1 名詞 noun n. 2 代詞 pronoun pron. 3 形容詞 adjective adj. 4 副詞 adverb adv. 5 動詞 verb v. 6 數詞 numeral num. 7 冠詞 article

2、art. 8 介詞 preposition prep. 9 連詞 conjunction conj. 10 感嘆詞 interjection interj.補充 ：其他詞性縮寫c = 可數名詞，countable noun的縮寫 u = 不可數名詞，uncountable noun的縮寫pl = 復數，plural的縮寫 vi = 不及物動詞，intransitive verb的縮寫 vt = 及物動詞，transitive verb的縮寫you happy three quickly student cut a at and oh 哦pron. adj. num. adv. n. v. ar

3、t. prep. conj. interj. (感嘆詞)Ex. Write down the part of speech of the following words: 二、英語句子成分 句子成分:八大金剛主語 subject謂語 predicate賓語 object賓補 complement定語 attribute狀語 adverbial （時間，地點，原因）同位語 appositive表語 predicative I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語（一）主語：一個句子所敘述的主體，表示句子所說的是

4、：“什么人”或“什么事物”1.主語一般由什么充當？（名詞）（代詞）（數詞）（動名詞）（從句）1. One-third is produced. 2. Running does good to the health.3. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.4. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.5. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.6. The

5、 rich should help the poor.7. It is necessary to master a foreign language.8. We often speak English in class.（不定式）（名詞化的形容詞）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）1. We often speak English in class.2. Smoking does harm to the health. 3. The rich should help the poor.4. It is necessary to master a foreign language.2.

6、主語的位置？1.一般位于句首或謂語之前。Is your father a lawyer or a doctor ? Has she got a big flat ?Shall we have a swim with your friends ?2. 疑問句中主語在系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后 Sit down, please. Come in, please.3. 祈使句中主語常省略 Gone are the days when farmers live in the poor houses. No sooner had she given him a welcome than she wen

7、t in to prepare him a meal. Only in this way can we solve the problem.There is a clock on the wall.Once there lived a king called Lear.There goes the bell!倒裝句中主語在系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后There be結構中主語在be動詞之后挑出句中的主語。 （二）謂語：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。He practices running every morning.She takes good care of her sick mo

8、ther.2、復合謂語：（1）情態(tài)動詞、助動詞+動詞原形。He can speak French very fluently.She doesnt seem to like dancing.（2）系動詞+表語。The film is interesting.He looked a bit excited.挑出句中的謂語。 （三）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2. Please take them to the waiting room.3. I have three.4. T

9、hey helped the old with their housework yesterday.5. He pretended not to see me.6. Mary enjoys playing the piano.7. I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞）（代詞）（數詞）（名詞化形容詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（從句）（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語） Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補） They elected him their monitor. We consider

10、 the answer wrong. 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系

11、動詞之后。1. Yang Liwei is an astronaut.2. Thats all I want to tell you.3. Three times four is twelve.4. The weather has turned warm.5. The speech is exciting and the students are excited.6. His hobby is playing football.7. My job is to teach English.8. Our teacher isnt in. He is out.9. He is in good hea

12、lth.10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.系動詞歸納：描述穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)：be描述變化或結果：get, become, turn, grow, go, prove, fall描述表象或感官效果：look, appear, seem, smell, taste, sound, feel,描述持續(xù)狀態(tài)：keep, stay, remain, 挑出下列句中的表語- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon they all became in

13、terested in the subject.（五）定語：在句中修飾名詞的成分1. He is a clever boy.2. Your hair needs cutting.3. Theres only one way to do it.4. There is a baby girl.5. We can not use sleeping pills at random.6. The retired worker found life boring.7. Thats the way to do it.8. This is a map of China.9. Can you help me t

14、o clean the room above.10. The car thats parked outside is mine. 挑出下列句中的定語1. What is your name?2. I am afraid too many people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!狀語(副詞)的位置：1. She speaks French fluently.2. I usually eat b

15、reakfast at home.3. You neednt always help me.4. He is always complaining.5. The local people are very kind to the visitors.6. The room is big enough to hold 80 people.7. He never studies. Instead, he plays all day.謂語(+賓語)后頻度副詞位于被修飾動詞前，be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。被修飾詞前(enough特殊)修飾全句或起連接作用的副詞放在句首（六）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副

16、詞或整個句子1. How about meeting again at six?2. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3. I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. （時間狀語） （原因狀語） （條件狀語） （地點狀語） （方式狀語）狀語的種類：6. She came in with a dic

17、tionary in her hand.7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.9. She works very hard though she is old.10. I am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語） （目的狀語） （結果狀語） （讓步狀語） （比較狀語）挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard t

18、he noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Unc

19、le Wang to see the other machine.（七）補足語：賓語補足語: 補充說明賓語，使句意完整。1. His father named him Dongming.2. They painted their boat white.3. Please let him in.4. The teacher advised the students to have a rest.5. I see her entering a supermarket.6. He just had his hair cut. 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children t

20、o read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.八、同位語同位語 當兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時, 一個句子成分用來說明和解釋另一個句子成分, 這個句子成分就叫做它的同位語。We students should study hard. (students是w

21、e的同位語, 都是指同一批“學生”)We all are students. (all是we的同位語, 都指同樣的“我們”)劃分句子成分You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy e

22、vening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk (when the window was open).4. The (da

23、rk, rainy) evening, the wind, the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主語謂語間賓定語直接賓語原因狀語主語 謂語賓語狀語劃分句子成份1. The machine runs smoothly.2. Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever.3. They have set up a network of financial advice centre.4. Mr. Chen, the director of Grade 3, is known for his humor.5. The man went to the shop with all the money he had.6. He left here at six in the morning in order to catch the plane. 7. Our English teacher, Ms Wang, is very kind to us. 8. To our surprise, he has changed greatly