1、八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)資料行為動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)1過去式的構(gòu)成：a.動(dòng)詞過去式的變化可速記為“直”、“去”、“雙”、“改”四字訣。一般情況下在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加-ed.如：wanted，played.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加-ed.如：hoped，lived.重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed.如：stopped，planned以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i，再加-ed.如：studied，worried.b.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，要逐一熟記。2實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式的句式?？隙ㄊ剑褐髡Z(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+其它。如：Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.t否定式：主語(yǔ)+didno

2、t（didn）+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：TheydidntwatchTVlastnight.一般疑問句：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主語(yǔ)+did.否定回答：No，主語(yǔ)+didnt.如：Didtheyhaveameetingtwodaysago？Yes，theydid./No，theydidnt.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？如：Whattimedidyoufinishyourhomework？3一般過去時(shí)的用法：a.主要用于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。MyfatherworkedinShanghailastyear.b.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常

3、與often，always等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Ioftenwenttoschoolonfoot.c.與when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句連用。如：Whenhegothome，hehadashortrest.4一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：amomentago（剛才），yesterdaymorning，lastnight/week，thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），justnow（剛才），in2006,threedaysago等用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.I_(go)toschoolyesterday.2.She_(play)footballlastweek.3.Look!Jack

4、_(sing)now.4.You_(read)thenewpaperthedaybeforeyesterday.5.I_(see)Jackinthezoolastweekend.6.I_(do)myhomeworklastnight7.She_(open)themailboxthedayaftertomorrow.8.I_(help)thelittlebabydrinkthemilkthenextmorning.9.Thefarmers_(work)onthefarmnextweek.10.Myparents_(watch)TVlastMonday.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Iwenttothepartyl

5、astFriday.（一般疑問句）_you_tothepartylastFriday?2.IhadanicetimelastSunday.（同上）_you_nicetimelastSunday?3.WewenttoLondontwoyearsago.（對(duì)劃線提問）_you_toLondon?4.Hedidhishomeworkinthemorning.（否定句）He_hishomeworkinthemorning.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本知識(shí)（一）構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Have和has無詞義，在人稱代詞后面have和has可分別縮寫ve

6、和s。過去分詞同過去式一樣，一般在動(dòng)詞詞動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed。不規(guī)則變化則要牢記在心。（二）用法：1）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already(已經(jīng)),ever(曾經(jīng)),yet,just(剛剛),before(以前)等詞連用。如：Wehavealreadyreadthebook(2)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：MrGreenhaslivedinBeingforthreeyears格林先生住在北京三年了。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞是否使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不僅可以通過了解句子的漢語(yǔ)意思套用其基本用法，還可以通過觀察時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞。和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用

7、的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)主要有以下三種：1.句中出現(xiàn)just，never，ever，already，yet等詞時(shí)句子一般使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：Ihavealreadyhadmylunch.Hehasntfoundtheanswertothequestion_.2.for一段時(shí)間或since點(diǎn)時(shí)間或引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（一般多為過去時(shí)）。例如：Hehasbeenateacher_20years.Ihaveknownhim_wewerelittle-boys.3.sofar(到目前為止)，inthepast/last表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如：Ihaventseenhim_.Hehasnttalkedwithme_t

8、hreedays.(一)考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般用法()1Kitty,willyougotoseethefilmColdMountainthisevening?No，IwontI_italreadyAsawBhaveseenCseeDwillsee()2GonewiththeWindisawellknownnovelShe_ittwiceAreadBisreadingCreadsDhasread()3Howlong_you_here?ForabouttwoyearssofarA.have;studiedB.did;liveC.do;stayD.havechanged（二）考查非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間

9、連用的表達(dá)方式()1OhMrsking,yourdresslooksniceIsitnew?No，I_itsincetwoyearsago.AhadBhavehadCboughtDhavebought()2JeffborrowedahistorybookfromhisfriendHe_itforaweekAhasborrowedB.haslentC.haskeptD.lend()3.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussinger_forhalfanhourAhasleftBhasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneaway(三)考查ha

10、vehasbeento，havehasgoneto與havehasbeenin的區(qū)別()1Wheresyourfather?He_ShanghaiHellbebacknextweekAhasgonetoBhasbeentoChavegonetoDhavebeento()2WhereisDavid?He_toEnglandonbusinessAisgoingBhasgoneChasbeenDgoes()3._youever_totheUnitedStates?-Yes,twiceAHave;goneBHave;beenCDo；goDWere;going(四)考查for與since接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)

11、別()1Whatanicedog!Howlonghaveyouhadit?-_twoyearsAForBSinceC.In()2MissGaohastaughtinthisschool_1993A.forB.atC.inDsince(五)考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別()1-HehasalreadygonetoEngland-When_he_there?Awill;goBis;goingCdid;goDhas;gone()2Haveyoureadthisbook?yes,I_ittwoweeksago.AamreadingBhavereadCwillreadDread(六)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在特定語(yǔ)

12、境下的使用()1Helen，Itoldyoutodoyourhome-workascarefullyasyoucan?Yes，butI_fewermistakesthanIusuallydoAwasmakingBhavemadeCwillmakeDhadmade()2Hasthematchstarted?Started?Finished！GuoYue_AiswinningBwinsCwillwinDhaswon()3.XiaoWang_Englishforthirteenyears.SohecanspeakquitegoodEnglish.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.w

13、illbelearningD.learns()4.Thefilm_forhalfanhour.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenbegunC.hasbeenonD.began()5.Youdonthavetodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.meetD.met()6.MissYangisnotathome.She_totheschoollibrary.A.wentB.hasbeenC.goesD.hasgone()7.HehasnevervisitedtheGreatHallofthePeople._?A.hasntheB.h

14、asheC.doesheD.doesnthe過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法概念表示在過去的某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)1wascookingatfiveyesterdayafternoon昨天下午五點(diǎn)鐘我正在做飯。Mymotherwasdoingsomehouseworkatthistimelastweek上周的這個(gè)時(shí)候我媽媽在做家務(wù)。判斷依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)atthistimeyesterday,atthattimelastweek，atnineyesterdayevening，fromseventotenlastnight等，when或while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主、從復(fù)合句。Mysisters_home

15、workfromseventotenlastnight.昨晚七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)我的妹妹們?cè)谧鏊齻兊募彝プ鳂I(yè)。Myfather_TVatnineyesterdayevening.昨晚九點(diǎn)我父親在看電視。I_anewspaperwhenhecamein他進(jìn)來時(shí)，我正在看報(bào)。WhileI_home,ImetMrGreen.我步行回家時(shí)遇到了格林先生.Myfatherwasreadinganewspaperwhilemymother_.媽媽做飯時(shí)爸爸在看報(bào)。注：1.含when或while的主、從復(fù)合句中一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，一般過去時(shí)往往表示某一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段，該時(shí)間點(diǎn)包含在該段時(shí)間

16、內(nèi)。2.while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主、從復(fù)合句，兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)并用，表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，常表示對(duì)比?？隙ㄊ街髡Z(yǔ)+was/were+v-ing+其它。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)中與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中的動(dòng)詞的ing形式構(gòu)成方式相同，單數(shù)主語(yǔ)用was+v-ing,復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)和you用were+v-ing。He_whenshearrived.她到達(dá)時(shí)他正在睡覺。We_ourclothesatnineoclocklastSundaymorning.我們上星期天的上午九點(diǎn)在洗衣服。否定式主語(yǔ)+waswerenot+v-ing+其它。He_theviolinateightoclockyesterdayevening昨天晚上八點(diǎn)他不

17、在練小提琴。They_treesatnineyesterdaymorning.昨天早上九點(diǎn)他們不在植樹。特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞+waswere+主語(yǔ)+v-ing+其它?What_Peter_atthattime?那個(gè)時(shí)候彼特在于什么?Why_you_tothatmallallthetimewhileIwaswaitinghere?我在這兒等時(shí),為什么你一直在與那個(gè)人講話?一般疑問式及回答WasWere+主語(yǔ)+v-ing+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+waswere否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+waswerenot_he_footballwhenyourangme?No，he_(play)_they_on

18、theplaygroundwhenyouleft?Yes，they_(play)_it_whenyouwentoutofthecinema?Yes,itwas用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.You_(have)ameetingat9lastMondaymorning2.They_(play)footballwhenIpassed3.She_(take)awalkwhenwehadatalk4._they_(try)todrawhorsesontheblackboardwhentheteachercamein?5.Thestudents_(1isten)totheteachercarefullyw

19、hilehewasteaching。反意疑問句語(yǔ)法歸納反意疑問句是由兩部分組成的，前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述（即陳述句）后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短的提問（即簡(jiǎn)短疑問句），中間用逗號(hào)隔開。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑問句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑問句。兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。其回答是用yes或no來表示。一、陳述句部分有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，反問句也用相應(yīng)的be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如:1.YouarefromAmerica,_you?2.Yourparentsarentgoingtohaveaparty.thisSunday,_they?3.Thegirlsweresi

20、ngingwhentheteachercamein,_they?4YoucanspeakFrench,_you?5.Anncouldswimwhenshewassix,_she?6.Mr.Smith_visitourschoolnextweek,wonthe?7YouhavebeentoShanghaibefore,_you?8.Jack_donehishomework,hashe?二、陳述句部分謂語(yǔ)為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，反問句要根據(jù)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用do/does,一般過去時(shí)用did1.YouoftenwatchTVintheevening,_you?2.Thestudents_s

21、tudyhard,dothey?3.MarystudiesChinesehard,_she?4.Theboydoesntoftengotoschoolbybike,_he?5.YouwatchedTVlastnight,_you?6.JimsparentsdidntgotoHongKonglastmonth,_they?三、祈使句用于反意疑問句中這種類型較特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑問形式。句型1:Lets+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，shallwe?-Letsgoforawalk,shallwe?-Goodidea!句型2:其它形式的祈使句，_?Comeintotheclassroom,wi

22、llyou?Pleasebecareful,willyou?Dontpanic,willyou?注意：Therebe句型1.Thereisanoldpictureonthewall,_there?2.Therearentanychildrenintheroom,_?3.Therewasntatelephonecallforme,_?4Therewereenoughpeopletopickapples,_?5Therewillbeabasketballmatchtomorrow,_?值得注意的是有時(shí)英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞并不用否定式（即沒加上not），而是用上了”“never,little,few,ha

23、rdly,nothing,nobody等詞，這時(shí)該陳述句也屬于否定句，因此，反意疑問句的后半部分應(yīng)用肯定疑問式。YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou?Mr.Fathasfewfriendshere,doeshe?Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,_there?Hecoulddonothing,_he?完成下列反意疑問句：1.Marylistenedtopopmusic,_?2.HehasneverbeentoShanghai_?3.Hehasfewfriendsatschool,_?4.Themusicsoundsbeautiful,_?5

24、.Youcantdancetojazz,_?6.Theywerentattheconcert,_?7.Letsstopwriting,_?8.Dontbelate,_?動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成形式為to+動(dòng)詞原形，to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，本身無意義。動(dòng)詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)：1.具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)等。一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)()1.Itshardforus_Englishwell.A.

25、learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning()2.Itsverynice_youtogetmetwotickets_theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)Itis+形容詞(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+名詞(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+形容詞(forsb)todosth.句式(1)中常用nice,ki

26、nd，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式(4)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)()1.Hewants_somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Dontforget_yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()

27、3.Hefounditverydifficult_.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep簡(jiǎn)析在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)()1.Robertoftenasksus_hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohel

28、phimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith()2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends_Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked簡(jiǎn)析不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。四、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)()1.Shewent_herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing()2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest_Englishwell.A.lea

29、rnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns簡(jiǎn)析go，come，try，do/tryonesbest等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后常常可以接不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。()3.Imsorry_that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear()4.Imsorry_you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled()5.Mymotherwasveryglad_heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets簡(jiǎn)析be+形容詞+todosth結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示原因或方式。五、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)(

30、)1.Wouldyoulikesomething_?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks()2.Ihavealotofhomework_.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo()3.Heisnotaneasyman_.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith簡(jiǎn)析不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，與被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。六、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式()1.Wesawhim_thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered()2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem_verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel()3.Yourfatherissleeping.Youdbetter_.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowak