1、數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn) 外文文獻及翻譯數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)畢業(yè)論文外文參考文獻參考一 :Abstract: In order to solve the weight problem often encountered in measuring the low-mass objects in the trade and daily life of the modern business, the design of a new pocket-sized electronic scales. This pocket-sized electronic scales Force Sensor gra

2、vity signals into electrical signals to measure, and measuring the results of the digital display. The pocket-sized electronic scales with a small size, light weight, easy to carry, intuitive display, measurement and high precision; complex structure, the cost disadvantages. This article focuses on

3、the load cell works, error compensation, the main parameters of selection. And the technical and economic analysis.Keywords: pocket-sized electronic scales; weighing; sensor; error compensationCLC1 A needs analysisIn modern commerce and trade and everyday life, often encounter the problem of measuri

4、ng the weight of the low-mass objects. Although the traditional steelyard can solve this problem, but inconvenient to carry, the efficiency is not high, the display is not intuitive and low measurement accuracy; mechanical spring balance can solve this problem, but the inertia inherent low frequency

5、, high sensitivity, measurement accuracy is not high. With the progress and update of the micro-computer technology, integrated circuit technology, sensor technology, electronic scales rapid development, it has a responsive, high accuracy, fully functional, the display is intuitive,1數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)compa

6、ct, easy to use and so on.For these reasons, in order to solve the low-mass objects weighing problem, if a small size, light weight, portable, digital display electronic scales, will be popular. Discussed below, that is, the scope of a weighing 5 kg compact electronic scales.2 DesignThe principle of

7、 the structure of the pocket-sized electronic scales shown in Figure 1. The main task is to design compact electronic scales weighing the choice of the force sensors. Dynamometer sensor types to achieve the weighing and digital display, the key is to want to force (gravity) signals into electrical s

8、ignals to measure method is mainly divided into two categories: one is the direct method, namely the use of pressure magnetic sensor, piezoelectric sensor, Piezoresistive sensors directly to the force signal converted into electrical signals; the other is the indirect method, the elastic element as

9、the sensor will pull, pressure changes in strain, displacement, or frequency, and then strain sensors, displacement sensors, or frequency sensor strain, displacement or frequency changes for power. Comprehensive comparison of a variety of sensors, use theindirect method of strain gauge force transdu

10、cer.Pocket-sized electronic scale structural principle:Sensor ? amplifier ? CPU ? display ? AD converter3 The working principle of the strain gauge force transducer strain gauge pasted into force, force-sensitive elastic element, the corresponding strain when the elastic element force deformation, t

11、he strain gauge into a resistance change, which led to the voltage measuring circuit changes by measuring the output voltage value, and then through the conversion can be obtained by the measurement of body weight. Since the pocket-sized electronic scales require small size, weighing in scope, preci

12、sion and angle even consistency, sensor and display integration, it is selected parallel to the two holes cantilever beam strain gauge load-bearing sensor. Its characteristics are: high precision,2數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)ease of processing, simple and compact structure, strong resistance to partial load, high na

13、tural frequency.Strain gauge choice of a metal palisade metal mooring paste on the insulating substrate parked strain gages, mechanical strain resistance strain gauge feelings generally 10 - 10 - 2mm, the resistance rate of change of the attendant about 10 - 6 10 - 2 orders of magnitude, such a smal

14、l change in resistance measured using the general resistance of the instrument is hard to measure out, you must use some form of measurement.Circuit into small changes in resistance rates to changes in voltage or current, in order to secondary instrument display. Bridge measurement circuit to meet t

15、his requirement. In the load cell, R1, R2, R3, R4 strain gauge resistor bridge measurement circuit shown in Figure 3. Rm is the temperature compensation resistor, e is the excitation voltage, V is the output voltage.參考二 :The load cell is a quality signal into a measurable electrical signal output de

16、vice. Must consider the actual working environment of the sensor which sensor Yin, this is essential for the correct selection of the load cell, and it is related to the sensor can work as well as its safety and service life, and the whole weighing the reliability and safety sex. On the basic concep

17、ts and methods of evaluation of the major technical indicators of the load cell, the new and old GB qualitative differences.The traditional concept, the load sensor weighing sensors, force sensors, collectively referred to using a single parameter to evaluate its measurement properties. Old GB will

18、be completely different application objects and the use of environmental conditions weighing and measured force two sensors into one to consider, not given to3數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)distinguish between the test and evaluation methods. Old GB total of 21 indicators, were tested at room temperature; and non-linea

19、rity, hysteresis error, repeatability error, creep, the additional error of the zero temperature and the maximum error in the six indicators of the rated output additional temperature error, to determine said The level of accuracy of the weight sensor, respectively 0.02,0.03,0.05 said.Proportion to

20、convert the output signal can be measured. Taking into account the different place of use of the acceleration due to gravity and air buoyancy on the conversion, the main performance indicators of the load cell linearity error, hysteresis error, repeatability error, creep, zero-temperature characteri

21、stics and temperature sensitivity characteristics. In a variety of weighing and measuring the quality of the system, usually the integrated error accuracy of the integrated control sensors, and integrated error band or scale error band linked so that selection corresponds to a certain accuracy weigh

22、ing weighing sensors. International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) requirements, sensor error with total weighing instrument error6 withA of 70% of the load cell linearity error, hysteresis error within the specified temperature range due to the effect of temperature on the sensitivity of th

23、e er ror the sum can not exceed the error band of6 .This allows the manufacturer of the components that make up the total measurement error adjustment to obtain the desired accuracy.The load cell conversion method is divided into photoelectric, hydraulic, electromagnetic force type, capacitive, magn

24、etic poles change the form of vibratory gyroscope ceremony, resistance strain type, to the most extensive use of resistance strain.Electromagnetic force sensorItElectromagnetic force sensorIt uses a load-bearing stage load and the principle of electromagnetic force Equilibrium (Figure 5). Put the lo

25、ading stage, the measured object at one end of the lever upward tilt; photoelectric detect the tilt signal, amplified into the4數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)coil, the electromagnetic force, so that the lever to return to equilibrium. Currents produce electromagnetic counterweight digital converter, you can determine t

26、he quality of the measured object. The electromagnetic force sensor accuracy, up to 1/2000 1/60000, but the weighing range is only tens of mg to 10 kg.Capacitive sensorsItCapacitor oscillator circuit of the oscillation frequency and the plate spacing d is directly proportional relationship between t

27、he work. There are two plates, one fixed and the other one can move. Bearing load measured object, the leaf spring deflection, the distance between the two plates changes, the oscillation frequency of the circuit also changes. The measured frequency change can be calculated to the quality of the loa

28、d-bearing stage, the measured object. Capacitive sensor power consumption, low cost, accuracy of 1/200 to 1/500.Pole change the form of sensorFerromagneticcomponents in the measured object gravity under mechanicaldeformation, internal stress and cause changes in permeability, and also changes so tha

29、t the induced voltage of the secondary coil wound on both sides of the ferromagnetic component (pole). Measure the voltage variation can be calculated added to the force on the pole, and then determine the quality of the measured object. Pole to change the form of sensor accuracy is not high, usuall

30、y 1/100, applicable to the large tonnage weighing, weighing ranging from tens to tens of thousands of kilograms.Vibration sensorThe force of the elastic element, the natural vibration frequency of the force is proportional to the square root of. Measure the natural frequency changes, you can find th

31、e measured object role in the elastic component of the force, and then calculate the quality. The vibration sensor vibrating wire and tuning fork.The elastic component of the vibrating wire sensor string wire. When the loadbearing stage, plus the5數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)measured object, the intersection of the V

32、-shaped string wire is pulled down, and left strings of tension increases, the right string tension decreases. The natural frequency of the two strings of different changes. Calculate the frequency difference between the two strings, you can find the quality of the measured object. The higher the ac

33、curacy of the vibrating wire sensor, up to 1/1000 1/10000, weighing 100 g to hundreds of kilograms, but the structure is complex and difficult process, and high cost.The elastic component of the tuning fork sensor is a tuning fork.Fixed tuning fork end of the piezoelectric element, the naturalfreque

34、ncy of oscillation of a tuning fork, it can be measuredoscillation frequency. When the load-bearing stage and the measuredobject, the tuning fork direction of tensile force while the increase in natural frequency, increasing levels of applied force is proportional to the square root. Measure the cha

35、nges of natural frequency can be calculated heavy loads imposed on the tuning fork on the force, and then calculate the quality of heavy objects. The tuning fork sensor power consumption, measurement accuracy up to 1/10000 to 1/200 000, weighing range of 500g 10kg.外文參考文獻中文翻譯外乜匕_4 .參考一 :摘 要 : 為解決現(xiàn)代商業(yè)

36、貿(mào)易和日常生活中經(jīng)常遇到的測量小質(zhì)量物體的重量問題 , 介紹了一種新型的袖珍式電子秤的設(shè)計。此袖珍式電子秤采用測力傳感器將重力信號轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號來測量, 并將測量結(jié)果進行數(shù)字顯示。該袖珍式電子秤具有體積小、重量輕、攜帶方便、顯示直觀、測量精度高等優(yōu)點 ; 也有結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜, 成本高等缺點。本文主要闡述了稱重傳感器的工作原理、誤差補償、主要參數(shù)選擇。并進行了技術(shù)經(jīng)濟性分析。數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)關(guān) 鍵 詞 : 袖珍電子秤, 稱重 , 傳感器 , 誤差補償1 在現(xiàn)代商業(yè)貿(mào)易和日常生活中 , 經(jīng)常遇到測量小質(zhì)量物體的重量問題。傳統(tǒng)的桿秤雖能解決這一問題 , 但不便攜帶 , 效率不高 , 顯示不直觀且測量精

37、度低; 機械式彈簧秤也能解決這一問題 , 但慣性大 , 固有頻率低、靈敏度不高 , 測量精度也不高。隨著微計算機技術(shù)、集成電路技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)的進步及更新, 電子秤獲得了迅猛的發(fā)展, 它具有反應(yīng)靈敏、準確度高、功能齊全、顯示直觀、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、使用方便等特點。由于以上原因 , 為解決小質(zhì)量的物體的稱重問題 , 若能有一種體積小、重量輕、便于攜帶、可數(shù)字顯示的電子秤, 將會廣受歡迎。下面所討論的即是一種稱重范圍為 0, 5 kg 的袖珍電子秤的設(shè)計問題。2 設(shè)計袖珍電子秤的主要任務(wù)是稱重的測力傳感器的選擇。能實現(xiàn)測力的傳感器種類很多 , 要實現(xiàn)稱重及數(shù)顯, 關(guān)鍵是要把力 （ 重力 ） 信號轉(zhuǎn)換成電信

38、號來測量,其方法主要分為 2 類 : 一類是直接法 , 即利用壓磁式傳感器、壓電式傳感器、壓阻式傳感器直接將力信號轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號; 另一類是間接法, 即以彈性元件作為敏感器將拉、壓力轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閼?yīng)變、位移或頻率, 再用應(yīng)變傳感器、位移傳感器或頻率傳感器把應(yīng)變、位移或頻率轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娏?。綜合比較各種傳感器的情況, 在此選用間接法的應(yīng)變式力傳感器。袖珍電子秤結(jié)構(gòu)原理:傳感器 ? 放大器 ? A?D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 ? CPU ? 顯示器3 工作原理 : 應(yīng)變式力傳感器的工作原理是將應(yīng)變片粘貼到受力的力敏型彈性元件上 , 當(dāng)彈性元件受力產(chǎn)生變形時, 應(yīng)變片產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的應(yīng)變, 轉(zhuǎn)化成電阻變化 ,從而引起測量電路的電壓變化

39、, 通過測量輸出電壓的數(shù)值, 再通過換算即可得到所測量物體的重量。由于袖珍電子秤要求體積小 , 稱量范圍不大, 精度和角偶一致性7數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)高 , 傳感器與顯示器一體化等特點 , 故選用雙孔懸臂平行梁應(yīng)變式承重傳感器。其特點是: 精度高、易加工、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單緊湊、抗偏載能力強、固有頻率高。應(yīng)變片選用由柵狀金屬泊粘貼在絕緣基片上構(gòu)成的金屬泊式應(yīng)變片 , 電阻應(yīng)變片感受的機械應(yīng)變量一般為 10- 6, 10- 2mm , 隨之而產(chǎn)生的電阻變化率也大約在10- 6, 10- 2 數(shù)量級之間 , 這樣小的電阻變化用一般的電阻測量儀表很難測出 ,必須采用一定形式的測量。電路將微小的電阻變化率轉(zhuǎn)變

40、成電壓或電流的變化 , 才能用二次儀表顯示出來。橋式測量電路能夠滿足這一要求。在稱重傳感器中 , R 1, R 2, R 3, R 44 個應(yīng)變片電阻組成的橋式測量電路如圖 3 所示。 R m 為溫度補償電阻, e 為激勵電壓 ,V 為輸出電壓。稱重傳感器實際上是一種將質(zhì)量信號轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭蓽y量的電信號輸出的裝置。用傳感器茵先要考慮傳感器所處的實際工作環(huán)境，這點對正確選用稱重傳感器至關(guān)重要，它關(guān)系到傳感器能否正常工作以及它的安全和使用壽命，乃至整個衡器的可靠性和安全性。在稱重傳感器主要技術(shù)指標的基本概念和評價方法上，新舊國標有質(zhì)的差異。傳統(tǒng)概念上，負荷傳感器是稱重傳感器、測力傳感器的統(tǒng)稱，用單項參數(shù)

41、評價它的計量特性。舊國標將應(yīng)用對象和使用環(huán)境條件完全不同的“稱重”和“測力”兩種傳感器合二為一來考慮，對試驗和評價方法未給予區(qū)分。舊國標共有21 項指標，均在常溫下進行試驗; 并用非線性、滯后誤差、重復(fù)性誤差、蠕變、零點溫度附加誤差以及額定輸出溫度附加誤差 6 項指標中的最大誤差，來確定稱重傳感器準確度等級，分別用 0.02 、 0.03 、 0.05 表示。8數(shù)字電子秤的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)定比例轉(zhuǎn)換成可計量的輸出信號?？紤]到不同使用地點的重力加速度和空氣浮力對轉(zhuǎn)換的影響，稱重傳感器的性能指標主要有線性誤差、滯后誤差、重復(fù)性誤差、蠕變、零點溫度特性和靈敏度溫度特性等。在各種衡器和質(zhì)量計量系統(tǒng)中，通常用綜合誤差帶來綜合控制傳感器準確度，并將綜合誤差帶與衡器誤差帶聯(lián)系起來，以便選用對應(yīng)于某一準確度衡