1、專題7閱讀理解專題之詞句猜測題命題特A:【設(shè)問形式】 Which of the following can replace the underlined word. in paragraph. The underlined word . ” means?”.”stands for? The word . ” refers to? What do you think the expression【考查方式】在高中英語閱讀理解中，詞句猜測題是一類很重要的題型。這一題型重點考查了學(xué)生的猜測能力和判斷能 力。詞句猜測題包括：詞義猜測、代詞指代和句意猜測題。答題思路:.詞義猜測題主要指猜測單詞或詞義，常

2、用方法：1）根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測。 2）根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測。3）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）進行猜測。4）根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞猜測。 5）根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系等來猜測。.代詞指代題：在解決代詞指代類題目時首先要宏觀把握，充分把握代詞指代所在的段落或前文表達的含義;然后，微觀入手，抓住關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句，理清邏輯關(guān)系，進而推斷代詞的指代內(nèi)容。.句意猜測題：解答句意猜測題時要仔細閱讀文章，對原句進行語法或語義上的準確分析，結(jié)合原文意義對 劃線句子做出合理的推理和判斷。實戰(zhàn)演練【例題】1.詞義猜測：2016全國I CI am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem c

3、ourier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those , 51 have beenabroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells （干名田胞）in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor（ 捐獻者）to the time they can be implanted in

4、the patient, we ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at

5、Providence, the lady on the desk said: Well, I m really sorry, I ve got some bthnereears foxo yghts from Washington. So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: In this box are some stem cells th;urgently needed for a patient- please, please, you ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.

6、She justeverything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me.re-routed（ 改道）me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, you re consciously aware than that box you re got something that is potentiallysave somebody s life.

7、Which of the following can replace the underlined word“ courier in Paragraph17A providerB delivery manC collectorD medical doctor.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?He cannot stay away from his job too long.The donor can only wait for that long.The operation needs that very much

8、. D. The ice wont last any longer.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London B. To Newark C. To Providence D. To Washington【答案】29.B 30. D 31.B【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了作者在一次運送造血干細胞途中的一段經(jīng)歷，表現(xiàn)了 人們之間的友愛。9.B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容I ve done 89 trips I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box

9、 以及第二段內(nèi)容可知作者是運送干細胞的人，也就是 delivery man。故選B。.D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I vpacks and that s how long they器穌盒只能保持 42消失適宜的溫度。故選D。. B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed methrough Newark可知，這位好心的女式首先安排作者去New

10、ark的航班。故選B。2.代詞指代：2016全國n CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to readand then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and

11、 would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, say

12、s,“ The two things that change your life arepeople you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both. ”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also

13、leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a

14、 trend among people who want to get back to the” re虛擬）.and not the virtuThe site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?To explain what they are.To introduce BookCrossing.To stress the import

15、ance of reading.To encourage readers to share their ideas.What does the underlined wordit in Paragraph 2refer to?A. The book.B. An adventure.C.A public place.D. The identification number.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.C. Pass it on to anot

16、her reader.32. What is the best title for the text?Online Reading: A Virtual TourKeep it safe in his bookcase.D. Mail it back to its owner.B. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People through Books【答案】29. B30. A 31. C 32. DBookC所進行的分享圖書活動的目的以及具體過【解析】

17、試題分析：本文屬于說明文，介紹了 程。9.B目的意圖題。作者在第一段中提出讀書也是一種社交活動，那些參加讀書小組的人經(jīng)常在一起閱讀討論所讀內(nèi)容，增強相互之間的理解。接著在最后一句提出BookC,說明作者提到讀書小組的目的正是為了介紹網(wǎng)站BookC.A 代詞指代題。根據(jù)本句”. hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with eachnew reader who finds it可知，“那些留下書的人希望自己的書能夠隨著找到它的人走得更遠。可知其中 的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book。

18、”故A正確。.C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句.the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book togather dust on a shelf at home 可知，IE書蒙上塵土是一種很自私的行為，網(wǎng)站 BookC的目 的正是鼓勵人們與別人分享圖書，所以拿到書的人最可能繼續(xù)把書傳遞下去。故C項正確。.D標題概括題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知BookC把改變?nèi)松膬煞N事物：遇到的人和讀過的書聯(lián)系在一起。D項內(nèi)容能夠涵蓋文章的中心思想。3.句意猜測題：2017全國II DWhen a leafy plant is under

19、attack, it doesn sit quietly. Batck in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and IanBaldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the

20、plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It s a planout. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump

21、out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that

22、these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don t know. Maybe the first plant just

23、 made a crpain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “ overhear the information was exchanged, but it wasn t a true, intentional back andforth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noi

24、sier and more intimate（ 親密的） than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There as whole lot going on.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.What does the author mean by “ the

25、ables are turned “in paragraph 3?The attackers get attacked.The insects gather under the table.The plants get ready to fight back.The perfumes attract natural enemies.34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to on

26、e another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?The world is changing faster than ever.People have stronger senses than beforeThe world is more complex than it seemsPeople in Darwin s time were imaginative.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當植物受到攻擊時，會發(fā)出VO

27、Cs以此來保護自己或者與周圍的植物通過化學(xué)物質(zhì)進行交流。32.D 【解析】 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm可知，當植物受到傷害時，會分泌一種特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。33.A 【解析】詞義推測題。根據(jù) Once they a

28、rrive,the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch，”一旦它們到達這里，這些攻擊者就會受到植物的攻擊，故選A。34.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù) a Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when beingattacked 及 Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.可知答案選 B?！?，s a whole愀,going “oh界遠比我彳

29、門看至u或35.C 【解析】 推理判斷題。根據(jù)imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate（親密的）than the worldwe can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There聽到的更熱鬧、更親密，我們認知能力有限，有很多事仍在繼續(xù)發(fā)生，遠比我們想象的要復(fù)雜。故選Co【舉一反三】ASome of the world s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New OrSeto celebrate the first

30、annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO（ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization） recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying（ 聯(lián)合）voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz

31、 audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It s Jason Moran s job to help dhaibgAs the Kennedy Center sadVster for jazz, Moran hopes towiden the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Ja

32、zz seems like it s not really a part of the American appetite, Moran tells National Public Ra（Neal Conan. Whatl moping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It s actually color, and it s actually digital.Moran say

33、s one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same, says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arra

34、nged Fat s Waller s music for a dance party,“just to kind of pit back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music, says Moran. Fome, it the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion（ 情感）lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight（感悟）on how talk about ourselves a

35、nd how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue aboutour emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context, sayswant to contin ue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International J

36、azz Day?To remember the birth of jazz.To protect cultural diversity.To encourage people to study music.To recognize the value of jazz.What does the underlined wordthat in paragraph 3 refer to?Jazz becoming more accessible.The production of jazz growing faster.Jazz being less popular with the young.T

37、he jazz audience becoming larger.What can we infer about Mo ran s opinion on jazz?It will disappear gradually.It remains black and white.It should keep up with the times.It changes every 50 years.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?Exploring the Future of JazzThe Rise and Fall

38、of JazzThe Story of a Jazz MusicianCelebrating the Jazz Day【文章大意】為提高人們對于爵士樂的重視程度，UNESCO 4月30日定為國際爵士日，然而這一行為還是沒能挽救爵士樂。Jason Moran認為時代在進步，為了將老一代人和年輕一代人連接起來，爵士樂也應(yīng)該 不斷進步。D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的UNESCO（United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization）recently set April 30 as a day to raise awarene

39、ss of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying（ 聯(lián)合） voice across cultures.可知UNESCO巴4月30日定為國際爵士日是為了讓人們重視爵士樂，意識到它的重要 性及它作為連接各文化的紐帶之聲的潛在功能，也就是為了讓人們意識到爵士樂的價值。C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrinkand grow older, and the music

40、has failed to connect with younger generations可知盡管 UNESCO/爵士樂設(shè)了紀念日，但美國的爵士樂聽眾依然在減少，并且年齡在老化，爵士樂沒能將年輕一代人連接起來。再結(jié)合It sJason Moran s job to helpange that（是Jason Moran的工作是幫助改變那一情況）可推測that指代的是前文中爵士樂在年輕一代人中失去吸引力的現(xiàn)象。故選CoC 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的The music can t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has t

41、ocontinue to move, because the way the world works is not the same 可知 Moran 認為現(xiàn)在爵士樂不能以1908 或1958年的方式來呈現(xiàn)，因為世界已經(jīng)不同了，所以爵士樂必須不斷進步，說明隨著時代的發(fā)展，爵士樂也要跟上時代才不會被年輕一代所拋棄。故選C。A 標題選擇題。通讀全文可知本文主要講UNESCO提高人們對爵士樂的重視而設(shè)立爵士日，但實際收效甚微。有人認為爵士樂應(yīng)隨著時代的進步而進步，否則它將失去對人們的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索 爵士樂的未來，故選A。BThere is an old Chinese proverb t

42、hat states“ One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique charact

43、eristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy （ 等級）of responsibilities and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.Marina, 27 years old, said,“ I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn t consider her my bBest

44、friends don t pay for your wedding. Best friends don t remind you how they carried you in their body aigave you life! Best friend: don t tell you how wise they are becausbeteieyihavet least 20 years longerthan you. This doesn t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can t be very close and s

45、atisWhile some adult relationships are still troubled, many find them to be extremely rewarding. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemak

46、ers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of the workforce and technology, which may bring them even closer together.Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse

47、, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren t speaking. The mother and chrelationship is closer than any other. There is not an equal relationship. Daughters should not feel responsible fortheir mother s emotiona-beeng. It isn t that they don t

48、care deeply about their mothers. It s jushouldn t be burdened with their mother -being. s wellThe mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling

49、responsible for their happiness. Mothers alwaysmrmG （ friends.What does the underlined word“ preclude in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Differ.B. Prevent.C. Benefit.D. Change.What do we know from the text?The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend.A mother s love brings her

50、and her daughter a close friendship.The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best frien ds friendship.Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother.How does the author mainly prove his statements?A. By listing data.B. By giving explanations.C. By quoting sayings.D. By making comparisons

51、.What is the best title for the text?How to Be a Good Mother and Daughter?Who Is a Mother s Best Friend?Mothers or Friends?Can a Mother Be a Daughter s Best Friend?【答案】5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D【解析】本文是一篇議論文。作者認為，母女之間雖然有許多共同之處，她們的關(guān)系也可以很親密，但不 會成為最好的朋友，因為母女關(guān)系不同于朋友關(guān)系，它獨具特點。友誼可以不再，但母女關(guān)系，無論好壞， 都會永存下去。5.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文

52、章第段However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics thatdistinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include the hierarchy（等級）and unconditional love , whichpreclude mothers and daughters from being best friends.可知，母女關(guān)系的特性中包含的輩分差別所帶來的不 同程度的責(zé)任、義務(wù)以及無條件的愛使得她們不會成為最好的朋友。

53、后一句是對前一句的解釋，說明為何 母女關(guān)系不同于朋友關(guān)系。由此可知，畫線詞“preclude意為妨礙。故選B。6推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段.a relationship that is not replaceable by any other.可知，母女之情是不可替 代的，故 A 項錯誤；根據(jù)第段最后兩句However, the mother and daughter relationship has uniquecharacteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include the h

54、ierarchy（等級）and unconditional love , which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends. 可知， 由于母女關(guān)系的特性 中包含的輩分差別所帶來的不同程度的責(zé)任、義務(wù)和無條件的愛使得她們不會成為最好的朋友，故B項錯誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句中 I love spending time with my mom 可知，D項錯誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句 Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends , but for better or wor

55、se, the mother and daughter relationship ispermanent.可知，友誼關(guān)系可以不再，但母女關(guān)系會永遠存在下去，即母女關(guān)系超越了友誼。故選C。7推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段是中心段，提出了作者的觀點，即母女關(guān)系不同于友誼。第二段 引用Marina的觀點說明這種不同性；第三至五段分別從母女關(guān)系中的共性因素、不同責(zé)任因素、母愛因素 闡明了引起這種不同性的原因。故可以推斷出作者主要證明他的陳述是通過解釋說明。故選B。8 主旨大意題。 根據(jù)文章第段 The relationship between a mother and daughter is s

56、ometimes confusing. If close, the relationship can be similar to friendship.及全文可知，本文屬于議論文， 第一段是中心段， 提出了作者的觀 點，即母女關(guān)系不同于友誼關(guān)系。其余各段分別從不同角度論證了這個觀點。故選DoCSalvador Dali （1904-1989） was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artis

57、t and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938, works on p

58、aper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist s showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the v