1、語法專項(xiàng)提升非謂語動詞第一頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。動詞不定式不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，假設(shè)這些介詞前有實(shí)義動詞do的各種形式，那么后接不帶to的不定式，否那么帶to。第二頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。在cannot but，cannot choose but，cannot help but之后接不帶to的不定式。I have no choice but to wait.我除了等別無選擇。I cant do anything but go out with her.我除了和她一起出去什么也不能做。I could not but admit that h

2、e was right and I was wrong.我不得不成認(rèn)他對了，我錯(cuò)了。I cannot help but wait for him.我不得不等他。I cannot choose but tell him the truth.我不得不告訴他真相。第三頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。不定式作狀語 (1)不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語與句子的主語必須一致。To learn English well，he needs a good dictionary.為了學(xué)好英語，他需要一本好詞典。 (而不能說：To learn English well，a good dictionary is neede

3、d.)第四頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。(2)有些不定式短語可以作獨(dú)立成分，通常位于句首，有時(shí)位于句中或句尾，需要用逗號同其他句子成分隔開。To be honest，I know nothing about it.說實(shí)話，我對那件事一無所知。常見的這類短語有：to tell the truth，to be frank (坦率地說)，to be exact，to begin with。(3)不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，常表示一種意外的結(jié)果，尤其是和only連用時(shí)，常用only to find。He ran to the station only to find the train had left.他

4、跑到火車站卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已開走。第五頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。不定式的主動形式表示被動意義(1)不定式作定語與被修飾名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，并且不定式的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。I have something important to do.我有要事要做。注意：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時(shí)，動詞不定式常用被動形式。Im going to the market.Do you have anything to be bought?我要去市場，你有東西讓我替你買嗎？第六頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。 (2)某些動詞的不定式可以與be連用，常見的有to blame，to see，to let

5、等。In the accident，the car driver was to blame.在這次事故中，轎車司機(jī)應(yīng)受責(zé)備。第七頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。分詞分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)分詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)意義例句主動被動現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doingbeingdone分詞動作和主句謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生Being poor，he couldnt go to school.The question being discussed now is important.完成式havingdonehavingbeendone分詞動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前Having done his homework，he went to p

6、lay football.Having been given such a good chance，how could he let it pass away？第八頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。分詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)意義例句主動被動過去分詞done表示被動或完成，有時(shí)既表被動又表完成Heated，this kind of wood gives off much smoke.第九頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。分詞的句法功能分詞具有形容詞和副詞的屬性，因此可以在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語的作用。功能例句備注定語This is an amusing story.The excited peopl

7、e rushed into the building.The boy standing_at_the_door is my cousin.Theletterposted_yesterday will soon reach him.1.單個(gè)的分詞作定語時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞的前面2.分詞短語作定語時(shí)，則放在被修飾詞的后面，在功能上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句第十頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。功能例句備注表語The news was inspiring.The glass is broken.We were excited at the news.1.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)、特性2.過去分詞作表語說明

8、主語所處的狀態(tài)賓語補(bǔ)足語I heard a girl crying next door.Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I found my key lost.1.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間存在著主謂關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行2.過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間存在著動賓關(guān)系即被動關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的被動或完成第十一頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。功能例句備注狀語While_crossing_the_street，be careful.Her parents died，leaving_her_an_orphan.The teacher entered

9、the lab，followed_by_the_students.分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、行為方式、伴隨狀況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句的作用第十二頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式和不定式的被動式作定語的區(qū)別這三種形式作定語，主要區(qū)別在動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間上。 (1)過去分詞表示動作或是在謂語動作之前，或只是表示被動。He is a teacher loved and respected by his students.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時(shí)表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。The film being shown is dir

10、ected by Ang Lee.(3)不定式的被動式作定語時(shí)，表示一個(gè)未來的動作。The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.第十三頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，就是分詞有其自己的獨(dú)立主語，可以不與句子的主語保持一致。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有主語和謂語，所以在語法上不是句子。此結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中起原因、方式、時(shí)間、條件、伴隨情況狀語從句的作用。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)與句子的主體局局部隔開來。其功能和用法見下表：第十四頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。表現(xiàn)形式意義例句名詞/代詞現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動和完成

11、Weather permitting，well go out for a walk.Homework finished，the boy went out to play.不 定式表將來，計(jì)劃安排要做的事The exam to be held tomorrow，I cant go to the cinema tonight.形容詞/副詞表明名詞或代詞所處的狀態(tài)Our lessons (being) over，we went to play football.介詞短語表位置The girl is walking in the field，packet on the back.第十五頁，編輯于星期五

12、：十二點(diǎn) 八分。表現(xiàn)形式意義例句with名詞/代詞現(xiàn)在分詞表主動、進(jìn)行They pretended to be working all night with their lights burning.過去分詞表被動、完成She had to walk home with her bike stolen.不定式表將來I cant go out to play with so much homework to do.形容詞表狀態(tài)He used to sleep with windows open.副詞表狀態(tài)He went up to sleep with lights on.介詞短語表位置Thec

13、hildrencame running toward us，with flowers in their hands.第十六頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。動名詞在動詞allow，advise，forbid，permit等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.這里禁止吸煙，但你可以吸。We dont allow smoking in the hall.我們不準(zhǔn)在大廳內(nèi)吸煙。第十七頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。動詞need，require

14、，want作“需要解時(shí)，并且主語為物時(shí)，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語，表示事情需要做。這時(shí)動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.窗戶需要擦一下。第十八頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。Its no use begging him.求他沒用。第十九頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。1. (2021年遼寧卷)_，you need to give all you have and try your best.ABeing a winner BTo be a winnerCBe a w

15、inner DHaving been a winner【解析】句意為：要想成為一名勝利者，你需要付出你的全部并竭盡全力。根據(jù)句子與空格處非謂語動詞的邏輯關(guān)系，可知需用不定式作目的狀語，應(yīng)選B?！敬鸢浮緽第二十頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。2. (2021年浙江卷)_and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.ATo be tired BTiredCTiring DBeing tired【解析】句意為：雖然疲憊不堪，氣喘吁吁，Andy和Ruby還是第一批登上泰山山頂。分詞和形容詞短

16、語作狀語，說明他們倆到達(dá)泰山山頂時(shí)的狀況：又累又喘不過氣來。A項(xiàng)表目的；B項(xiàng)表伴隨或結(jié)果；D項(xiàng)表原因；C項(xiàng)意為“令人疲憊的，不合語意?！敬鸢浮緽第二十一頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。3. (2021年浙江卷)There is a great deal of evidence_that music activities engage different parts of the brain.Aindicate BindicatingCto indicate Dto be indicating【解析】 句意為：有大量證據(jù)說明音樂活動調(diào)動大腦不同的部位。現(xiàn)在分詞indicating作定語修飾evi

17、dence?！敬鸢浮緽第二十二頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。4(2021年遼寧卷)When we visited my old family home，memory came_back.Aflooding Bto floodCflood Dflooded【解析】句意為：當(dāng)我們參觀我的老家時(shí)，記憶又涌上心頭。現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語?！敬鸢浮緼 第二十三頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。5. (2021年山東卷)We are invited to a party_in our club next Friday.Ato be held BheldCbeing held Dholding【解析】 句意為：

18、我們被邀請參加下周五在我們俱樂部舉行的聚會。hold與party為動賓關(guān)系，所以hold應(yīng)用被動形式；to be held作后置定語，表將來，修飾a party?！敬鸢浮緼第二十四頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。6(2021年福建卷)_not to miss the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.AReminding BRemindedCTo remind DHaving reminded【解析】句意為：有人提醒經(jīng)理不要錯(cuò)過1520的航班，他匆忙出發(fā)去了機(jī)場。此題考查非謂語動詞作狀語，主句主語the

19、manager與remind之間的關(guān)系為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故排除A、C、D三項(xiàng)，因?yàn)檫@三項(xiàng)表主動，而只有B項(xiàng)表被動。【答案】B第二十五頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。7. (2021年福建卷)In April,2021，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，_the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.Amarking BmarkedChaving marked Dbeing marked【解析】句意為：2021年4月，胡主席在青島檢閱了海軍艦隊(duì)，這也是中國人民解放軍海軍成立6

20、0年的標(biāo)志。【答案】A第二十六頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。8. (2021年重慶卷)Michaels new house is like a huge palace，_with his old one.Acomparing BcomparesCto compare Dcompared【解析】句意為：和舊房子相比，Michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宮殿。compare與邏輯主語Michaels new house之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮緿第二十七頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。9(2021年安徽卷)The play_next month aims mainly to reflect th

21、e local culture.Aproduced Bbeing producedCto be produced Dhaving been produced【解析】句意為：下個(gè)月即將上演的戲劇主要是為了表現(xiàn)地方文化。to be produced作后置定語，修飾名詞play，表示“將上演的。produced表示“上演過的，being produced表示“正在上演的?！敬鸢浮緾第二十八頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。10. (2021年上海卷)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，_all four p

22、eople on board.Akilled BkillingCkills Dto kill【解析】句意為：一架小型飛機(jī)在城東五英里外的山坡上墜毀，機(jī)上四人全部喪生。用kill的現(xiàn)在分詞形式killingwhich killed作結(jié)果狀語。【答案】B第二十九頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。1(2021屆南昌二中月考)On the bank of the river，we found him_on a beach，with his eyes_on a kite in the sky.Aseated；fixing Bsitting；fixingCseated；being fixed Dsittin

23、g；fixed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。第一空用seated或sitting作賓補(bǔ)，第二空處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，由fix ones eyes on sth.可知應(yīng)用過去分詞fixed?！敬鸢浮緿第三十頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。2(2021屆南昌二中月考)The survey_in our school last month shows that about 2 percent of the students are addicted to Internet games.Aconducted BHaving been conductedCconducting Dto be conducted

24、【解析】考查非謂語動詞。動詞conduct與主語the survey之間存在動賓關(guān)系，又依據(jù)last month可知，該動作發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。conducted在此作定語，相當(dāng)于which was conducted?！敬鸢浮緼第三十一頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。3(2021屆湖南長郡中學(xué)月考)Alcohol is classified as a downer，and although it is legal，it can damage the liver and do great harm if_in large quantities.Aconsume Bto consumeCcon

25、suming Dconsumed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。從語意可知，本句中的it指alcohol，主語it與consume存在被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該使用consume的過去分詞形式?！敬鸢浮緿第三十二頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。4(2021屆江西師大附中月考)_that we should look after the three dogs three times，my mother left home.AMentioning BHaving been mentionedCHaving mentioned DMentioned【解析】mention這個(gè)動作的邏輯主語是mother，首先排除B、

26、D兩項(xiàng)；mention這個(gè)動作發(fā)生在leave之前，故應(yīng)用having done的形式?！敬鸢浮緾第三十三頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。5(2021屆鄭州外國語學(xué)校月考)With the decision_，the members present at the meeting were dismissed.Ato make Bto be madeCmade Dhaving made【解析】考查with結(jié)構(gòu)。“with名詞/代詞to do/doing/done結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨等情況。本句用過去分詞表示一個(gè)被動完成的動作?！敬鸢浮緾第三十四頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八

27、分。6(2021屆河北辛集中學(xué)一模)Sichuan Province，_in southwest China and_an area of 485,000 kilometers，is one of the largest and most inaccessible provinces in China.Alocated；covered Blocating；coveringClocated；covering Dlocating；covered【解析】考查非謂語動詞。第一空需要用過去分詞，該處作定語，相當(dāng)于which is located；第二空后有賓語an area of 485,000 kil

28、ometers，cover的邏輯主語又是句子的主語，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。【答案】C第三十五頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。7(2021年上海春招)_well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.ADo BDoingCDone DBeing done【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句子缺少主語，所以此處用動名詞作主語，即Doing well in an interview是句子的主語，其他選項(xiàng)都不能充當(dāng)主語，所以這里選B項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緽第三十六頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。8(2021年上海

29、春招)_by the growing interest in nature，more and more people enjoy outdoor sports.AInfluenced BInfluencingCHaving influenced DTo be influenced【解析】考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞的解題關(guān)鍵是找準(zhǔn)其邏輯主語。在此題中，influence的邏輯主語是more and more people，它們之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞形式。D項(xiàng)表示將來，不符合語意。【答案】A第三十七頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。9(2021年上海春招)_as an Olympic eve

30、nt，a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.ATo accept BHaving acceptedCTo be accepted DAccepting【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意為：一項(xiàng)運(yùn)開工程要想被認(rèn)可為奧運(yùn)工程，必須至少在四個(gè)大洲75個(gè)以上的國家開展過。動詞accept的邏輯主語是a sport，它們之間為動賓關(guān)系，此處不定式to be accepted表示目的，符合語意?！敬鸢浮緾第三十八頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。10(2021年西安檢測)It doesnt make sen

31、se_after_.You should cheer up and practice hard instead.Ato complain；being defeated Bcomplain；defeatingCcomplain；being defeated Dto complain；defeating【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it在句中作形式主語，動詞不定式作真正的主語，由此可以排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)語意可知，you與defeat是動賓關(guān)系，即要用被動形式，由此可以排除D項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緼第三十九頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn) 八分。11(2021年西安檢測)It is hoped t

32、hat this project_ by the end of 2021 will be a popular tourist attraction of the city.Abeing accomplished BaccomplishedCwill be accomplished Dto be accomplished【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間“by the end of 2021可知，動作發(fā)生在將來，故用不定式表將來，又因project和accomplish之間是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)，不定式to be accomplished作project的后置定語，表示還沒有發(fā)生的被動動作?！敬鸢浮緿第四十頁，編輯于星期五：十二點(diǎn)