1、PAGE PAGE 382015初中英語語法大全（完整版）一名詞I.名詞的種類：II. 名詞的數(shù)：1. 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下： s名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1. s所有格的構(gòu)成：2.所有格的用法：3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover

2、of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed 二冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法：II.定冠詞的用法：III.零冠詞的用法：三代詞：I.代詞可以分為以下七大類：II. 不定代詞用法注意點：1. one, some與any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。One should learn to think

3、 of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I dont have anybookmarks.I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請求等。Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes,

4、 if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each強調(diào)個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (ofus) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has stro

5、ng and weak points. /Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和no：no等于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other和another:1) other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他

6、詞連用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in theother.Two students in our class failed, but all theothers passed the exam.2) another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”如：I dont like this shirt,

7、please show me another(one).The trousers are too long, please give meanother pair / some others.Some like football, while others likebasketball.5. all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are

8、 writtenin English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is ateacher.四形容詞和副詞I.形容詞：1. 形容詞的位置：1) 形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置：2)多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序：3)復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成：II.副詞副詞的分類：III. 形容詞和副詞比較等級：形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級，比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。1. 同級比較時常常用 as

9、as以及not so(as)as如：Iam not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修飾比較級的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little,still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the morethe more”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you willmake.4. 用比較級來表達最高級的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.

10、5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Ourschool is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size ofyours. 6. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。五介詞I.介詞分類：II.常用介詞區(qū)別：六動詞I.動詞的時態(tài)：1. 動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下：2. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的

11、區(qū)別：1) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。簡言之，利用過去，說明現(xiàn)在。如：I have already read the novel written by theworld-famous writer. (已經(jīng)看過，且了解這本書的內(nèi)容)2) 一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，它可和表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加“過”，“了”等詞。簡言之，僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如：I read the novel last month. (只說明上個月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住

12、)I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只說明在北京住過十年，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）3. 現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：兩者都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，在含義上如著重表示動作的結(jié)果時，多用現(xiàn)在完成時，如著重表示動作一直在進行，即動作的延續(xù)性時，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。一般不能用于進行時的動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。I have read that book.我讀過那本書了。I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在讀那本書。4. 一般將來時的表達方式：II.動詞的被動語態(tài)：七情態(tài)動詞I. HYP

13、ERLINK /s?wd=情態(tài)動詞&ie=gbk&tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10 t _blank 情態(tài)動詞基本用法：II. HYPERLINK /s?wd=情態(tài)動詞&ie=gbk&tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10 t _blank 情態(tài)動詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測：以must為例。must + do(be)是推測現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進行；must + be doing 推測可能正在進行的事情；must +have done是推測可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。1. must“肯定，一定”語氣強，只用于肯定句中。He must be

14、 a man from America. / He must be talking withhis friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might“也許”，后者語氣弱，更沒有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。He may not be at home. / They might havefinished their task. 3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及cant語氣強，用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We coul

15、d have walked there; it was so near.（推測某事本來可能發(fā)生，但實際上沒有發(fā)生）Can he be in the office now? No, he cant bethere, for I saw him in the library just now.(語氣很強，常用于疑問句和否定句中)III. HYPERLINK /s?wd=情態(tài)動詞&ie=gbk&tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10 t _blank 情態(tài)動詞注意點：1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表達“某事終于成功”，而can無法表達此意。

16、Beable to有更多的時態(tài)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。2. used to和would: used to表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。3. need和dare作 HYPERLINK /s?wd=情態(tài)動詞&ie=gbk&tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10 t _blank 情態(tài)動詞和 HYPERLINK /s?wd=實義動詞&ie=gbk&tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10 t _blank 實義動詞的區(qū)別：兩者作 HYPERLINK /s?wd=情態(tài)動詞&ie=gbk&tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqb

17、x10 t _blank 情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為：neednt/darentdo；Need/daredo?做 HYPERLINK /s?wd=實義動詞&ie=gbk&tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10 t _blank 實義動詞時可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)to do, dont(doesnt/didnt) need/dare to do八非謂語動詞I.非謂語動詞的分類、意義及構(gòu)成：II.做賓語的非謂語動詞比較：III.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的區(qū)別：IV.非謂語動詞做定語的區(qū)別：

18、V.非謂語動詞做主語和表語的區(qū)別：九定語從句I.定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，并與先行詞保持數(shù)的一致。II.that與which, who,whom的用法區(qū)別：III.as與which的區(qū)別：IV.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：十名詞性從句十一狀語從句十二.倒裝句十三.虛擬語氣十四。重要句型1.It was not until midnight that he finished his task.2.Not until he came ba

19、ck from abroad was I able to see him again.3.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.4.He walked around the house, gun in hand.5.May you be in good health!6.Wish you a pleasant journey back home!7.The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes.8.What surprised me mo

20、st was his imagination and patience.9.He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands underhis head.10.Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher.11.On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists.12.Looking back upon those past years, he couldnt help feeling v

21、eryproud.13.No sooner(Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) theplay started.14.Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.15.How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields!16.There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room.17.Ten miles north of the town lies a pape

22、r factory.18.There goes the bell.19.Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here.20.It is no use crying for help.21.If only I had been your student in the middle school!22.It is believed that such a thing will not happen again.23.Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this.24.“He

23、 works particularly hard.”“So he does, and so do you.”25.Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.26.Such was Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.十五.動詞搭配1. add to增加，增進 add to把加進add up相加 add up to總計，所有這一切說明1) I don*t think these facts

24、will _ anything.2) Fifty new books have been _ the library. 3) The music _ our enjoyment of the film.4) You must have made a mistake when you _ the bill _.( add up to, added to, add to, addedup )2. break away from打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉break down出毛病，身體(精神)衰弱，分解，拆開break off暫停，中斷break in強行進入，插話 break into闖入break

25、into pieces成為碎片break out爆發(fā)break up搗碎，驅(qū)散，瓦解，學(xué)期結(jié)束，拆散break through突破1) The criminal managed to break _ the police and ran into the woods.2) When he heard the news, he broke _ and cried.3) Don*t break _ while others are speaking.4) Why don*t you break _ for a few minutes and have some coffee?5) When doe

26、s school break _?6) After harvest we break _ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen.( away from, down, in, off, up, up )3. bring up撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出 bring about造成 bring out拿出，出版 bring in引入，引進，掙錢bring back使回想起bring down使下降，使倒下1) The shopkeeper brought his price _ to only five dollars.2) The school has brough

27、t _ new foreign teachers to teach oral English.3) The song brought _ happy memories of our schooldays.4) Do you know what brought _ this misunderstanding?5) The kind old man agreed to bring _ the young orphan.6) We decided to bring the matter _ at the next meeting.7) The wind brought _ a lot of tree

28、s last night.8) Next month they willbring _ a new edition ofthe book.( down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out )4. call on號召，拜訪（某人） call at拜訪、參觀（某地）call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要call up使回憶起, 征召入伍call in召集，請某人來call out大喊，高叫call off取消，不舉行1) Doctors are often called _ in the middle of the war.2) Please wait for

29、 me at home. I*ll call _ you at your house at seven tonight.3) The trains calls _ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou.4) He called her name _, but she didn*t answer.5) The sports meet was called _ on account of the rain.( in, for, at, out, off)5. come about發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)come down下跌，落，降，傳下來 come

30、in進來come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect) come on來臨/ 快點 come out出版，結(jié)果是 come along一道來，趕快come to達到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)蘇醒，合計，總共是 come over走過來come up發(fā)芽，走近 come across偶然碰到 come back回想起come from來自，源自1) I come _ the book I lent you last month.2) How did it come _ that you both got lo

31、st? I thought you had a map.3) It suddenly came _ to me where I had seen the boy before.4) Come _ now, or else we shall be late.5) He came _ me like a tiger.6) The price of petrol has come _ since the beginning of this year.7) The word came _ use many years ago.8) When the examination result came _,

32、 he had already got a job.9)The bill came _ over a thousand dollars.10) I sowed the seeds over a month ago, but they haven*t come _ yet.( for, about, back, on, at, down, into, out, to, up )6. cut across抄近路 cut down砍倒，削減 cut off切斷，割掉，斷絕關(guān)系 cut up連根拔除，切碎 through剪斷，鑿穿cut out刪（?。┑?，戒掉 cut in插嘴 1) Don*t cu

33、t _ this tree. It will be very shady in summer.2) You must cut _ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or it will cause illness.3) We decided to cut _ the moor（曠野） to the village.4) Cutting the tree _ means cutting the tree into pieces.5) The electricity was cut _ when the lady refused to pay the bill

34、.6) We were having a pleasant conversation when Tom cut _.（down, down, across, up, off, in ）7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饑餓，寒冷，情感原因）die from死于（意外事故、情形）die away漸漸消逝die out絕種die down(爐火)漸熄die off逐一死去8. fall behind落后 fall over one*s feet 跌跤fall down掉下，跌倒 fall back撤退，后退1) Babies often f

35、all _ when they are learning to walk.2) Our team seems to have fallen _ the others.3) As soon as the enemies fell _, the people returned to their village.4) She fell_ the bench and had her leg broken.（down, behind, back, over ）9. go in for從事，喜愛，參加 go through通過，經(jīng)受 go over復(fù)習(xí)，檢查go up（價格）上漲，建造起來go after

36、追捕，追趕go against違反go ahead先行，開始吧，問吧，說吧go away離開go by時間過去go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉go on(with)繼續(xù)進行g(shù)o with相配，陪同go without沒有，缺少go out外出，熄滅go all out全力以赴go off爆炸，進行，變壞，斷電，停止供應(yīng)go back on背約，食言go beyond超出1) Many new factories have gone _ in the past few years.2) Rents have gone _ greatly recently.3) Many years ha

37、ve gone _ since we first met.4) Let*s continue our journey until the sun goes _.5) His actions went _ the will of the people,6) I can*t do it, for it goes _ my duty.7) Over 100 students went _ this entrance examination.8) The bomb went _ and killed ten people.9) The buyer went _ the car carefully be

38、fore reaching a decision.10) This tie doesn*t go _ my blue shirt.11) If you think you can solve the problem, go _.12) Many students went _ playing basketball.(up, up, by, down, against, beyond, through, off, over, with, ahead, in for )10. get down下來，記下，使沮喪get down to致力于，專心于get on進展，進步，穿上，上車get off脫下

39、,下車get in收集，插（話） get away逃跑，逃脫，去休假get over忘記，越過，克服，從疾病中恢復(fù) get along with進展，相處get up起床get through打通電話，完成，通過 get round消息傳開get close to sth. 接近，幾乎get into (trouble) get to (know) get back取回，收回get out1) She spoke so fast that I couldn*t get _ what he said.2) We will find ways to get _ difficulties.3) Th

40、e story has got _, and everyone knows about it.4) When I get _ with the report, I*ll go to the cinema.5) After a delicious meal the two men got _ to business.6) Don*t always get _ a word when others are speaking.7) It took me a long time to get _ such an unpleasant experience.(down, over, round, thr

41、ough, down, in, over)11. give away贈送，泄露，出賣 give out發(fā)出，疲勞，分發(fā)，公布 give off發(fā)出（光、熱、氣體）give in (to sb.) 屈服give up放棄，讓（座位）1) His accent at last gave him _.2) The liquid gave _ a strong smell.3) The headmaster gave _ the names of the prize-winners.4) The soldiers gave _ the town to the enemies.5) Who will h

42、elp me to give the books _?6) Don*t believe in those who give his friends _.7) After a long walk, my strength gave _.(away, off, out, up, out, away, out)12. hand in交上，提交hand out分發(fā) hand down流傳，遺傳13. hang about閑逛hang up掛電話14. hold back阻止，隱瞞 hold up舉起，使停頓 hold on別掛電話，等，堅持 hold out持續(xù)，堅持，伸出 hold down控制，鎮(zhèn)

43、壓1) I*m sure he is holding something _.2) She managed to hold _ her emotion until her guests had left. Then she cried.3) Tell him to hold _ a moment. I*ll come soon.4) Our food supply won*t hold _ for more than a few days.5) The train was held _ as a result of the floods.6) These measures helped to

44、hold _ the city*s population.7) Hold _ your left arm, please.(back, back, on, out, up, down, up)15. keep up (courage, English, spirits)保持，keep up with跟上keep off (grass)不接近，離開 keep away from避開，不接近，離遠遠的keep out of keep to (rules, promise)堅持，遵守 keep on繼續(xù)，堅持下來keep back阻止，留下，隱瞞，扣下keep from克制，阻止1) The ang

45、ry lady told the strangers to keep _ from her.2) I can hardly keep _ my tears after hearing his words.3) Only pride kept her _ bursting into tears.4) I can scarcely keep _ asking him what he has done.5) Don*t touch me, screamed the woman, Keep _!6) Keep _ until you succeed.7) Keep _ your courage, an

46、d you*ll succeed in the end.8) The thick coat can keep the cold _.9) Always try to keep _ the rules when you play a game.10) I can*t keep _ with everything you*re doing.(away, back, from, from, off, on, up, out, to, up)16. knock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上knock down撞倒knock out of把敲出knock over撞倒 knock off

47、停止工作，休息1) The boxer soon knocked his opponent _.2) The office stuff knocks _ at six every day.3) Try knocking _ the window and see if there is anyone indoors.4) He was so absorbed in his book that he knocked _ the car parked there.(down, off, on, into)17. leave for離開前往leave out刪去，遺漏 leave behind遺留,忘

48、記拿走 leave to留給，遺囑贈于leave over遺留，剩下，延期1) Whose name has been left _? demanded the teacher.2) When he died, he left all his property _ his niece.3) He suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella _.4) Don*t leave this matter _ until tomorrow.5) Leave some meat _ for tomorrow.6) Those are questions

49、left _ by history.(out, to, behind, over, over, over)18. look up查找，向上看 look through翻閱，瀏覽look on旁觀look onas看作look into調(diào)查 look after/ at / for 照顧/看/尋找look out(for)當心 look about / around/round四下查看look down upon瞧不起look back upon回憶，回顧look ab. up and down仔細打量某人look ab in the face/eyes直視某人1) I spent two ho

50、urs looking _ the students* papers.2)Look _! There is a big hole in front.3) He took part in the game, and the rest of us just looked _ and cheered for him.4) The old man looked _ upon the days of his youth.5) She was so snobbish（勢利）that she looked _ upon all his neighbours.6) The police promised to

51、 look _ the case as soon as possible.7) He looked _ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothing.(through, out, on, back, down, into, about/around/round)19. make up編造，配制，打扮，組成make up for彌補 make into / of / from 制成make out弄懂，發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出,填寫，開列（清單）make for走向，駛往，促使1) Can you make this length of cloth _ a

52、suit?2) I asked the driver if he was making _ London?3) My father made _ a check for me to buy the camera.4) We must make the loss _ next week./ He tried hard to make _ forthe damage he had done.5) He made _ a story, which I found hard to believe.6) Someone is coming, but I can*t make _ who it is.(i

53、nto, for, out, up/up, up, out)20. pass away去世pass by經(jīng)過pass down(on)to傳給pass through經(jīng)歷pass over漠視，忽視1) The old clock has been passed _ to me from my grandfather*s grandfather.2) The man passed _ last week in peace.3) We are passing _ difficult times.4) The secretary passed _ the details in the first

54、part of his report.(down, away, through, over)21. pay back還錢，報復(fù)pay for付錢，為受到懲罰，因得到報應(yīng)pay off還清1) How much did you pay _ the dictionary?2) You should pay _ the money you borrowed from me.3) I*ll pay him _ for all his crimes(罪行) against me.4) Some day, you*ll pay _ what you have done today.5) Has she p

55、ay _ the debt yet?（for, back, back, for, off）22. pick up拾起，獲得(information)，接人，站起，收聽，自然習(xí)得(language/knowledge)，恢復(fù)重獲(pick up health)pick out挑選，辨認，看出1) I picked the information _ while waiting in the queue.2) My friend has arranged to pick me _ at 6:00.3) The patient has picked _ health during the last

56、two weeks.4) She picked _ the most expensive pair of shoes.5) I can*t pick John _ in the crowd.6) Can I pick _ VOA with this short-wave radio?7) He fell down suddenly, but picked himself _ quickly.(up, up, up, out, out, up, up)pick cotton/flower/leaves/words選詞23. put up搭起，張貼，舉起，安裝，投宿，安排住下put up with

57、忍受put out伸出，撲滅put off推遲put into放進，翻譯put away放好，存錢put down記下，平息put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)put forward 提出，提前put through 接通電話put aside放到一邊put back放回1) He put _ half his wage every week.2) The government soon put _ the revolt（暴亂）.3) Put your watch _. It*s slow.4) He put _ his hand for me to shak

58、e.5). Please put me _ to Extension（分機）2.6) We put _ for night at the village inn.7) He is very proud, and he often put _ airs.（擺架子）8) We had a telephone put _ in our office.9) I can*t put _ with your laziness.(away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up)24. pull down拆掉，推翻pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脫pul

59、l in進站pull out取出,(火車)離站pull down往下拉,拆毀pull over駛到一邊pull through恢復(fù)健康,渡過難關(guān),脫離險境pull up（使）停住1) The train slowly pulled _ and disappeared in the distance.2) All the old houses here have now been pulled _, and new ones are to be built.3) The car pulled _ when I blew the horn.4) The doctor thinks the man

60、will pull _.5) The driver pulled _ at the traffic lights.(out, down, over, through, up)25. push over推倒，刮倒push ahead(on, forward)繼續(xù)前進，堅持下去push through排除困難辦好謀事，努力設(shè)法通過，擠過1) We*ve decided to push _ with our plan to build a new road2) Many trees were pushed _ in the hurricane.3) They were determined to p