1、 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯(含：英文原文及中文譯文)文獻(xiàn)出處：Hou Jiaying. China Today, Oct2007, Vol. 56 Issue 10, p62-66英文原文Good fox, bad foxIn the 2,000 years of Chinese parables, the fox has always been apopular character. For the first time, they appeared before their prototypes.They were both kind and vicious. They gradually inges

2、ted peoples soulsby pretending to be glamorous and charming young women.In the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644), the famous writer Pu Songlingsstory about the fox was described in his famous Strange Stories. Hemodeled them as beautiful creatures, reflecting human loyalty, love,generosity, justice and will

3、ingness. The virtue of helping others. In thepast three centuries, readers who read Pu Songlings works have alreadyregarded these characters as fox spirits rather than fox spirits.Ma Ruifang, a Chinese scholar and expert professor, devoted himselfto the study of Strange Tales of Liaozhai, and served

4、 as a host tointerview professors from the University of Chicago. At that time, twoprofessors who studied Pu Songlings work expressed great surprises.How did the 17th-century Chinese writer create the most famous storyabout foxes in the story of “Heng Niang”, the “Ghost Mother,” the “Ghost Story” of

5、 the 500 most-known stories in the Chinese society that wasdeeply rooted in the feudal system at that time. The implicit suggestion tohis wife is that they should use womens tenderness to ensure that theirspouses passion is permanent, just as lawyers rely on Americannewspapers and magazines in the 1

6、980s to seek out opposite-sex friends.The ideal world for womenThe plot in “Heng Niang” is a classic love of husband, wife andmistress. Heng Niang is a kind fox and is also a human wife. She has aneighbor called Hong Daye. Hong Dayi has one wife and one wife. Thewife Zhu is far more beautiful than t

7、he little one, but she is only slightlyolder than her grandmother. However, to the surprise of Zhu, it is herhusband Hong Kong that loves her. In the same way, Heng Niangshusband also has a small sister, who is obviously younger and morebeautiful than Heng Niang, but he still loves her wife deeply.

8、When Zhuasked Hengniang why she was like this, Hengniang told her that it washuman nature to abandon old things, pursue new things, craving forsomething that was not available and full of mysteries. At Hengniangssuggestion, Zhu will take a lenient and generous attitude towards herhusband and sister-

9、in-law over the next month, allowing them to spenddays and nights together. Heng Niang also suggested that Chu shouldchange her appearance. In the next month, try not to dress up, wear oldclothes, and keep yourself busy with housework. But on the last day of the month, she will put on new clothes, n

10、ew shoes, design a beautifulhairstyle, and dress herself up. Just as Heng Niang had expected, the lightof love returned to the eyes of Hong Daye. When he saw Zhu, and beforedusk came, he would knock Zhus door. However, Zhu still complied withHengniangs suggestion, using fatigue as an excuse to gentl

11、y but firmlyrejected him. The next day, she followed the same strategy. On the thirdday, the sun had not yet landed, and the great cause slipped into her roomand waited for darkness. That evening, the couple had spent the happiestnight since their wedding. Afterwards, when the great cause asked her

12、ifhe could spend the evening with her, Zhu expressed opposition and toldhim that he must wait another three days before allowing him to enter thehouse again.Zhu is pleased to tell Hengnian that she has regained her greatbusiness success. Heng Niang told Zhu to continue to use the femaletricks she ta

13、ught her because although Zhu is very beautiful, she lacksfemininity, so her husbands passion is being revived and can only beshort-lived. Heng Niang explained that charm includes a womanslifestyle, various behaviors, such as the way she walks, the way shespeaks, and even her husbands eyes. Heng Nia

14、ng instructs Zhu on allproper female habits and tells her to practise herself in front of the mirrorevery day. In this case, of course, Zhu eventually won back the husbandsloyal love. The charisma mentioned by Heng Niang was defined by the famous writer and poet Luo Binwang of the Tang Dynasty (618-

15、907) as“The Charm of Fox” 1,000 years ago. He created this word and gave it itshidden meaning in a prose about Empress Wu Zetian who convicted him.In any case, the Queen should feel honored, not provoked by thisallusion.Another story about fox in “Ghost Stallion” - Jiaona. This storypraises the sinc

16、ere friendship and love between man and fox. When ayoung scholar, Kong Xueyu, became seriously ill, his friend, a fox,advised him to let his sister Jiaona cure him. A young woman whoseimage and way of doing things is like the grace of a willow, full oftenderness and dazzling wisdom, appearing around

17、 him. Jiao Na did asurgical operation for Conson and fed an elixir of elixir into his mouth.This medicine was depleted of her life energy and carefully cultivated.When Confucius resumed consciousness, he fell in love with thegentleness, quietness, beauty, and love of this young woman. Therefore,Conf

18、ucius requested Jiao Nas brother to marry her. However, becauseJiaona was too young to marry, her family made her than her big sisterSong Niang instead of her. Matsugami was as beautiful and kind asJiaona, and the couple had lived a happy and happy life.A few years later, Kongs friend, fox cousin, t

19、old him that there wasa thunderstorm that would come to their home and that they would all bedestroyed unless Kong Sheng could rescue them. In spite of his own safety, Kong Xueyi immediately responded to his request. On that stormynight, Kong Shou held a sword and guarded the entrance to the cavewhe

20、re the fox family lived. Suddenly, a black whirlwind circled out of thehole and Jiaona was in the center of the hurricane. Confucius used hissword to make every effort to insert the black wind. In the end, Jiaona fellto the ground and was saved. As Kongs help to her, Kong Sheng wasattacked by lightn

21、ing. Afterwards, the storm slowed down and the skiesreturned clear. The fox family was safe, but Conson was in danger. JiaoNa sacrificed the last elixir of life that had been made with a thousandyears of practice and spit it in his long-lived mouth and once again savedhim. With Persians insistence,

22、the fox family moved to live with him. Inorder to avoid more disasters, the fox family lived in seclusion in a quietcourtyard. The gate of the courtyard was only open to Kong Sheng andSong Niang. Several years later, Kong Sheng and So ng Niangs childrengrew up, and he became a grey-haired old man. H

23、e maintained closefriendship with the fox cousin and the married Jiaona and their family.Xiao Cui is another lovely fox story. Xiaocui is a very cute andlively fox, but her appearance is a pretty young lady. One day, her mothertook her to the house of a surnamed family to steal. She seemed to wantto

24、 abandon her daughter. The Wang family is a local family with a face,only one child, and it is a mentally retarded person. He was neither aplaymate nor a man willing to marry him, but Xiao Tsui made a good friend with him and married him. Although Wang Jia first liked Xiao Cui,her unruly manner arou

25、sed their resentment. They often scolded andreprimanded her, but Xiao Cui quietly accepted this treatment. WhenWang Wang was framed by his political opponents, Xiao Cui used herwisdom to save the whole family in dire straits. Moreover, she also curedher husbands mental illness. However, Xiaocui knew

26、 that herparents-in-law could never accept her rebellious attitude toward thefeudal system at that time. She inadvertently discovered that a youngwoman looked like her and secretly arranged for her to replace him at thekings house. Before secretly leaving, Xiao Cui admitted to her husbandthat she wa

27、s actually a fox daughter. Several decades ago, her motherescaped the thunder robbery under Wangs robe. At that time, Wang wassheltering in a temple. Although Master Wang did not realize that he hadgiven the fox mother help, she felt grateful for the reward she had at thattime. It is for this reason

28、 that she left Xiaocui in her care.Evil foxRumors are often used to describe foxes. However, such clever andbeautiful creatures are often described in ambiguity and humility. There issuch an example in the rumors of tiger tigers. This is an allegory ofswindlers and rogues. It means that they will be

29、nd others to boast of theirpowerful power. Its origin was a story about the king of the Chu state twothousand years ago. The king asked his minister: There are rumors that the northern princes are afraid of the Chu Ling Yin Zhao shirt. Is thatreally it? His minister answered the kings question throu

30、gh a parable:The king of the forest tigers eat a When it just captured the fox, the foxtold it: You cant eat me because I have Gods instructions and let me bethe leader of the beast. If you dont believe me, then go with me throughthe forest and see if There are other animals that dare to block my pa

31、th.The tiger agreed. Sure enough, all the animals fled far when they wereclose. The tiger does not understand that animals are afraid of it, not foxes,that they dare not eat foxes.Minister Jiang Yi continued to point out that the kings territoriescover an area of 2,500 square kilometers, and the mil

32、itary power hasreached a million people. All of them are under the command of theShojo shirt. The northern princes are undoubtedly afraid of the zhao yishirts, but his position is as the kings military powers controller andsupreme imperial power. Jiang Yi warned that if the king is forced, hisadvant

33、age will be weakened. Then the king gradually diluted Zhaosmilitary power.The scolded foxShe is the leading actress in the God List and is a typical exampleof the evil fox. This Ming Dynasty literary work is about the story of thedemise of the Shang Dynasty and the rise of the Zhou Dynasty. Yu Wangi

34、s the last monarch of Shang Dynasty and also a notorious tyrant. In the common people, he levies exorbitant taxes and exorbitant taxes to build aluxury palace for himself and live a life of levity. During his reign, the600-year-old Shang Dynasty quickly disintegrated. The warfare of theembarrassment

35、 caused the people to lose their livelihoods and make therule of the monarchy chaotic. In the God List, the scorpions nephewhas been described as the culprit of the demise of the Shang Dynasty.She was a fox and she became beautiful. The image of the womanwas sent to the palace to envy the king and o

36、verthrow the Shang Dynasty.Her reward is immortal.The king of Yu is very careless about the national affairs. He hasgiven everything to his uncle. Bichon discovered his true face and urgedthe king to get rid of her, but it was useless. Not only that, but the kingalso was very angry with his uncles r

37、eckless behavior and ordered theexpulsion of Began. Having realized that the threat to her was greaterthan that of Gan Qi, he formulated a plan to kill the enemy. She pretendedto be sick, and she deluded another king with a beauty, telling him thatunless she had a heart to eat, she would die. Bichon

38、 was thus killed, butthe evil of self-absorbedness surpassed that of her enemies. She wasaddicted to the love of unborn babies, and even encouraged the king toindulge in the gorgeous life of wine. All these have accelerated thedemise of the Shang dynasty.She was eventually arrested and sentenced to

39、death, but all executioners who were sent to execute the order were smitten by hercharms and could not execute the order. After a few skilled butchersfailed to perform their duties, a magical general ended his own life withhis own hands.One of the main reasons for this novel is to explain why womens

40、charisma is often equated with the evil fox, and why calling a woman foxis often regarded as an insult.Although there are all kinds of negative foxes, fox skin has alwaysbeen widely praised. The earliest written reference was in the Book ofSongs 2000 years ago. It wrote: Use fur coats to make fur co

41、ats for ouryoung princes. Fox coats are considered the only suit for nobles.The ancient Chinese tried every means to capture the foxs skin asmuch as possible, but since the fox was a very vigilant and very deviousanimal, hunting was usually just successful in making it vigilant. Humanshave never suc

42、cessfully domesticated or reared foxes. It is one of the fewanimals that have enough intelligence to deceive humans.It may be a mixture of resentment and admiration, which has causedthe Chinese literary world to describe it as an alternation of good and evil.The mythical encyclopedia of Mountain and

43、 Sea Classics and GeographyEditing over 2000 describes the fox as a monster that has nine tails andspecial eaters. Shuo Wen Jie Zi (The principle of interpretation and studyof characters), the first dictionary in Chinese history, created during the Eastern Han Dynasty from 100 to 121 years ago, defi

44、nes the fox as afascinating animal being devil-ridden.中文譯文好狐貍,壞狐貍在中國(guó)兩千多年的寓言中 , 狐貍一直是受歡迎的角色。 她們第一次出現(xiàn)在她們的原型形成之前, 既仁慈又惡毒, 通過(guò)偽裝成妖艷、迷人的年輕女子來(lái)逐步攝取人們的靈魂。明代 (1368 - 1644) 著名作家蒲松齡的關(guān)于狐貍精的故事描寫在他著名的聊 齋志異中, 他把她們作為美麗的生物來(lái)塑造從而體現(xiàn)出了人類忠誠(chéng)、 愛(ài)、 慷慨、 正義和樂(lè)意幫助別人的美德。 在過(guò)去的三個(gè)世紀(jì)中, 閱讀蒲松齡作品的讀者已經(jīng)把這些字符看成是 “狐仙”而不是“狐貍精” 。馬瑞芳,中國(guó)的學(xué)者和專家教授

45、,致力于聊齋志異的研究,曾擔(dān)任東道主采訪來(lái)自美國(guó)芝加哥大學(xué)的教授。當(dāng)時(shí), 有兩個(gè)研究蒲松齡作品的教授表示非常驚訝。這個(gè) 17 世紀(jì)的中國(guó)作家是如何在當(dāng)時(shí)封建制度根深蒂固,孤立的,君權(quán)至上的中國(guó)社會(huì)創(chuàng)作出恒娘這個(gè)聊齋 500 多個(gè)故事中最著名的關(guān)于狐貍的故事的。 這其中隱含的對(duì)妻子的建議是她們應(yīng)該用女性的溫柔嬌媚去確保配偶對(duì)自己的激情永固,就像律師依靠美國(guó) 80 年代的報(bào)紙、雜志征求異性朋友。女性的理想世界 恒娘 中的情節(jié)是經(jīng)典的丈夫, 妻子和情婦的三角戀。 恒娘是一個(gè)善良的狐貍精, 同時(shí)也是一個(gè)人類的妻子。 她有一個(gè)鄰居叫洪大業(yè), 洪大業(yè)有一妻一妾。 妻子朱氏遠(yuǎn)比小妾漂亮, 只是年齡比妾稍大,

46、 但是讓朱氏大為吃驚的是丈夫洪大業(yè)更寵愛(ài)小妾。 同樣恒娘的丈夫也有一個(gè)小妾, 小妾明顯比恒娘更年輕、 更漂亮, 但是他仍然深深愛(ài)著她的妻子。 當(dāng)朱氏問(wèn)恒娘為什么會(huì)這樣時(shí) , 恒娘告訴她這是人類的天性放棄舊事物, 追求新事物, 渴望得不到的和充滿神秘性的東西。 在恒娘的建議下,朱氏在接下來(lái)的一個(gè)月采取寬宏大量的態(tài)度對(duì)待她的丈夫和小妾, 讓他們自由地在一起度過(guò)日日夜夜。 恒娘還建議朱氏改變她的容貌。 在接下去的 一個(gè)月里嘗試著不要化妝打扮, 穿著舊衣服, 讓自己忙于家務(wù)勞動(dòng)中。 但在這個(gè)月的最后一天,她要穿上新衣服、新鞋子,設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)漂亮的發(fā)型,好好打扮一下自己。正如恒娘所預(yù)料的,愛(ài)的光芒回到了洪大

47、業(yè)的眼中當(dāng)他看到朱氏的時(shí)候, 而且在黃昏來(lái)臨前, 他就敲響了朱氏的房門。 但朱氏依然遵從恒娘的建議, 以疲勞為借口,溫柔地但是堅(jiān)定地拒絕了他。第二天 ,她遵循同樣的策略。到了第三天,太陽(yáng)還沒(méi)落山,大業(yè)就溜進(jìn)了她的房間,等著天黑。這天晚上,夫妻倆渡過(guò)了自從他們新婚以來(lái)最快樂(lè)的一夜。事后當(dāng)大業(yè)問(wèn)她他能明天晚上還與她一起渡過(guò)時(shí) ,朱氏表示反對(duì)并告訴他必須再等三天才準(zhǔn)他再次進(jìn)房。朱氏高興地向恒娘敘述了她重新贏得大業(yè)寵愛(ài)的成功。 恒娘告誡朱氏要繼續(xù)用她教給她的女性詭計(jì), 因?yàn)殡m然朱氏很漂亮, 但她缺乏女性魅力, 所以她丈夫的激情被重新喚起只能是短暫的。恒娘解釋 說(shuō),魅力包括一個(gè)女人的生活方式、 各種行為

48、習(xí)慣, 比如她走路的方式、 說(shuō)話的方式甚至看她丈夫的眼神。 恒娘指導(dǎo)朱氏所有適當(dāng)?shù)呐粤?xí)慣, 并告訴她要每天在鏡子前自己練習(xí)。 在這樣的情況下朱氏當(dāng)然最終贏回了丈夫忠貞的愛(ài)情。在這里恒娘所說(shuō)的魅力被 1000 年前唐代 (618- 907) 著名作家和詩(shī)人駱賓王定義為“狐之魅” 。他創(chuàng)作了這個(gè)詞,在一篇針對(duì)女皇武則天 ,將其定罪的散文中 ,給了它輕蔑的隱藏涵義。無(wú)論如何,女皇應(yīng)該感到榮幸,而不是被這個(gè)典故激怒。在聊齋中另一個(gè)有關(guān)狐貍精的故事嬌娜 。這篇故事贊美了人與狐貍之間真誠(chéng)的友情和愛(ài)情。當(dāng)一位年輕的書(shū)生孔雪笠患了重病時(shí),他的朋友, 一個(gè)狐貍精勸告他讓他的姐妹嬌娜來(lái)為他醫(yī)治。 一個(gè)年輕的女子

49、, 她的形象和做人方式就像“柳樹(shù)的恩典” ,滿懷著柔情和耀眼的智慧,出現(xiàn)在他身邊。嬌娜為孔生做了一個(gè)外科手術(shù),并把一顆長(zhǎng)生不老藥喂進(jìn)了他嘴里 , 這顆藥是耗盡了她多年生命能量, 精心培育而成的。 當(dāng)孔生恢復(fù)知覺(jué)以后, 他深深地愛(ài)上了這位年輕女子的溫柔、嫻靜、漂亮和慈愛(ài)。所以 ,孔生向嬌娜的兄長(zhǎng)請(qǐng)求能與她結(jié)婚。 但由于嬌娜年紀(jì)太小而不能成婚 , 她的家族讓比她大的姐妹松娘代替她與孔生成親。松娘跟嬌娜一樣又漂亮又善良 ,從此夫妻倆過(guò)著幸福美滿的生活。幾年之后, 孔生的朋友也就是狐貍表哥告訴他, 有一個(gè)雷霆大劫將要降臨到他們家,他們都將滅亡除非孔生能出手營(yíng)救他們?？籽也活欁约旱纳参? 立即答應(yīng)

50、了他的請(qǐng)求。 在那個(gè)風(fēng)雨交加的夜晚, 孔生手拿寶劍, 守護(hù)著狐貍一家 居住的洞穴的入口。 突然, 一 陣黑色的旋風(fēng)盤旋著轉(zhuǎn)出了洞口, 而嬌娜正在颶風(fēng)的中心?？咨盟膭τ帽M全力插入黑風(fēng)中。最終,嬌娜掉到了地上,得救了。 由于孔生對(duì)她的幫助使孔生被雷電所襲。 隨后, 暴風(fēng)雨減緩了, 天空也恢復(fù)了晴朗, 狐貍一家安全了, 但孔生卻危在旦夕。 嬌娜犧牲了最后一顆用一千年修行煉成的長(zhǎng)生不老藥 ,將它吐到長(zhǎng)生的嘴里 ,再一次救活了他。在孔雪笠的堅(jiān)持下, 狐貍一家搬去與他一同居住。 為了避免更多的災(zāi)難, 狐貍一家在一個(gè)安靜的小院里過(guò)著與世隔絕的生活, 小院的門只為孔生和松娘開(kāi)放。 數(shù)年之后, 孔生與松娘

51、的孩子長(zhǎng)大了,而他也變成了一個(gè)白發(fā)蒼蒼的老人。 他維持著與狐貍表哥和婚后的嬌娜以及他們的家庭的親密友誼。小翠是另一個(gè)可愛(ài)的狐貍精的故事。 小翠是一只非?？蓯?ài)、活潑機(jī)靈的狐貍精, 但她的外貌是一個(gè)年輕漂亮的小姐。 一天, 她的媽媽帶她到一戶姓王的人家家里偷竊 , 似乎想拋棄她的女兒。 王家是當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粦粲心樏娴娜思? 只有一個(gè)兒子, 而且是個(gè)智障。 他既沒(méi)有玩伴也沒(méi)人愿意跟他結(jié)婚 , 但是小翠跟他結(jié)為好友 , 并且嫁給了他。 盡管王家一開(kāi)始很喜歡小翠 , 但她不守規(guī)矩的方式引起了他們的反感, 他們經(jīng)常責(zé)罵和訓(xùn)斥她, 但小翠平靜地接受了這種對(duì)待。 當(dāng)王老爺被他的政敵陷害時(shí),小翠用她的智慧救全家于水深火熱之中。而且, 她還治好了