1、專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)崔凌云1第1頁(yè)第1頁(yè)一、Contents內(nèi)容1. An Introduction to Accounting 會(huì)計(jì)總論2. Recording Transactions 統(tǒng)計(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)3. Adjusting the Accounts, Preparing the Statements, and Completing the Accounting Cycle 賬項(xiàng)調(diào)整、報(bào) 表編制以及會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)完畢2第2頁(yè)第2頁(yè)Contents內(nèi)容Accounting for Merchandising Enterprises商品流通公司會(huì)計(jì)Accounting for Cash, Temporary In

2、vestments, and Receivables鈔票、短期投資和應(yīng)收款項(xiàng)Inventories and Cost of Goods Sold存貨與銷(xiāo)售成本3第3頁(yè)第3頁(yè)Contents內(nèi)容Long-term Assets: Investments, Fixed Assets, Natural Resources and Intangible Assets長(zhǎng)期資產(chǎn)：投資、固定資產(chǎn)、自然資源和無(wú)形資產(chǎn)Current and Long-term Liabilities流動(dòng)負(fù)債與長(zhǎng)期負(fù)債4第4頁(yè)第4頁(yè)Contents內(nèi)容Owners Equity所有者權(quán)益Statement of Cash Flo

3、ws鈔票流量表5第5頁(yè)第5頁(yè)二、Requirements要求專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯會(huì)計(jì)分錄6第6頁(yè)第6頁(yè)1）Account、Accounting & AccountantAccount：解釋、闡明；銀行賬戶(hù) He gave me a full account of his plan. 他把計(jì)劃給我做了完整闡明。 Id like to open a bank account. 我想開(kāi)一個(gè)銀行存款賬戶(hù)。會(huì)計(jì)科目；賬戶(hù)7第7頁(yè)第7頁(yè)1）Account、Accounting & AccountantAccounting：會(huì)計(jì)、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué) Financial Accounting and Managerial Accou

4、nting are two major specialized fields in Accounting. 財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)和管理睬計(jì)是會(huì)計(jì)兩個(gè)主要專(zhuān)門(mén)領(lǐng)域。 Accounting elements 會(huì)計(jì)要素8第8頁(yè)第8頁(yè)1）Account、Accounting & AccountantAccountant：會(huì)計(jì)師、會(huì)計(jì)人員 Certified Public Accountant 注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師（CPA）9第9頁(yè)第9頁(yè)2）Assets、Liabilities & Owners EquityAsset：寶物、財(cái)富 His leadership is a great asset to our team. 他領(lǐng)

5、導(dǎo)能力是我們隊(duì)一大珍貴財(cái)富。Assets：資產(chǎn)10第10頁(yè)第10頁(yè)2）Assets、Liabilities & Owners EquityLiability：責(zé)任、義務(wù) Liability to pay taxes 納稅義務(wù)Liabilities：負(fù)債、債務(wù)Owners equity：所有者權(quán)益11第11頁(yè)第11頁(yè)3）Debit & CreditDebit：借方 Debt： 債務(wù) National Debt 國(guó)債Credit：信用、名望 A man of high credit 極有名望人 賒賬；貸方 Credit sales 賒銷(xiāo)12第12頁(yè)第12頁(yè)4）Current assets & Cu

6、rrent liabilitiesCurrent：通用；當(dāng)今 Current money 通貨 流動(dòng) Current assets：流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) Current liabilities：流動(dòng)負(fù)債 活期 Current account 活期存款13第13頁(yè)第13頁(yè)5）Receivable & PayableAccounts receivable：應(yīng)收賬款A(yù)ccounts payable：應(yīng)付賬款Notes receivable：應(yīng)收票據(jù)Notes payable：應(yīng)付票據(jù)Prepaid：預(yù)付 Prepaid expenses 預(yù)付費(fèi)用14第14頁(yè)第14頁(yè)會(huì)計(jì)分錄A business paid a $

7、1200 premium（保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) ） on April 1 for one years insurance in advance. Dr. Prepaid Expenses Prepaid Insurance 1200Cr. Cash 120015第15頁(yè)第15頁(yè)三、others其它作業(yè)平時(shí)成績(jī)占期末總成績(jī)10%16第16頁(yè)第16頁(yè)1 An Introduction to AccountingAccounting is an Information system 會(huì)計(jì)是信息系統(tǒng)Forms of Organization 公司組織形式The Framework for the Preparati

8、on and Presentation of Financial Statements 財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表編報(bào)框架17第17頁(yè)第17頁(yè)1 An Introduction to AccountingUnderstanding of Financial Statements 理解財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表Accounting and its Profession：會(huì)計(jì)職業(yè)Accounting Elements & Equation：會(huì)計(jì)要素和會(huì)計(jì)恒等式Ethics：道德規(guī)范18第18頁(yè)第18頁(yè)Accounting is an Information SystemDecision MakingEconomicEventsRep

9、ortsExhibit 1-1Identify MeasureRecordSummarize Report 19第19頁(yè)第19頁(yè)Users：使用者Investors：Creditors：Government：Labour Unions：General Public：投資者債權(quán)人政府工會(huì)公眾20第20頁(yè)第20頁(yè)數(shù)據(jù)圖表GraphDiagramChart 餅圖：pie chart 柱形圖：bar chart 流程圖：flow chart Table：表格21第21頁(yè)第21頁(yè)Forms of OrganizationSole Proprietorship：獨(dú)資公司Partnership：合作公司Co

10、rporation：公司22第22頁(yè)第22頁(yè)四大會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所Arthur Andersen 安達(dá)信 Coopers & Lybrand 永道 Deloitte & Touche 德勤 Ernst & Young 安永 KPMG Peat Marwich 畢馬威 Price Waterhouse 普華 23第23頁(yè)第23頁(yè)公司Company Co. Corporation Corp. Incorporation Inc. Company limited Co.Ltd. FirmEnterpriseJoint venture24第24頁(yè)第24頁(yè)公司Shareholder Board of dire

11、ctors the BoardChairman of the BoardPresidentGeneral manager / CEOStaff 25第25頁(yè)第25頁(yè)GAAPGenerally accepted accounting principle公認(rèn)會(huì)計(jì)原則26第26頁(yè)第26頁(yè)IASCAustraliaCanadaFranceGermanyJapanMexico澳大利亞加拿大法國(guó)德國(guó)日本墨西哥27第27頁(yè)第27頁(yè)IASCThe NetherlandsThe United Kingdom and IrelandThe United States荷蘭英國(guó)美國(guó)28第28頁(yè)第28頁(yè)Backgrou

12、nd背景IASB ：The International Accounting Standards Board 國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則理事會(huì)FASB： Financial Accounting Standards Board 財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)29第29頁(yè)第29頁(yè)The frameworkObjectives of financial statements and underlying assumptionsQualitative characteristics of financial statements30第30頁(yè)第30頁(yè)The frameworkElements of financial stat

13、ementsConcepts of capital and capital maintenance31第31頁(yè)第31頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Business Entity PrincipleEach entity must keep accounting records and prepare reports that are distinct from those of the owner and any other entity.Also known as the Separate Entity Principle32第32頁(yè)第32頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Objectivity Pri

14、ncipleTransactions must be recorded based on independent, unbiased, and verifiable evidence33第33頁(yè)第33頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Cost principleAll transactions are recorded based on the cash amount received or paid. Also known as the Historical Cost Principle34第34頁(yè)第34頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Going Concern PrincipleUsers of fin

15、ancial statements assume that the records reflect the business is going to continue its operations as opposed to being closed or sold unless information is provided to the contrary. Also called the Continuing Concern Principle35第35頁(yè)第35頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Monetary Unit PrincipleTransactions are recorded bas

16、ed on a common currency and not adjusted for changes in value36第36頁(yè)第36頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Time Period PrincipleAn entitys activities are divided into specific time periods, such as a year, and reported on that basis. Also known as the Periodicity Principle37第37頁(yè)第37頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Revenue Recognition Principle

17、Revenue and related expenses are recorded when realized regardless of when cash is actually received/paid. Also known as the Realization Principle38第38頁(yè)第38頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Matching PrincipleRevenues and expenses must be allocated to the period in which they were actually created39第39頁(yè)第39頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Ful

18、l disclosure PrincipleFinancial statements (including the notes) must report all relevant information about the operations and financial position of the entity40第40頁(yè)第40頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Consistency PrincipleAn entity must use the same accounting methods period after period so that the financial statement

19、s of succeeding periods will be comparable41第41頁(yè)第41頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Materiality PrincipleAn amount may be ignored if its affect on the financial statements is not important to its users; also called cost-to-benefit constraint42第42頁(yè)第42頁(yè)Exhibit 1-2-Conservatism PrincipleThe least optimistic estimate shoul

20、d be selected when two estimates of amounts to be received or paid are about equally likely; it is better to understate than overstate values43第43頁(yè)第43頁(yè)The principle or concept that holds that an entity will remain in operation for the foreseeable future is the _A. going-concern concept B. stable-mon

21、etary-unit concept C. reliability principle D. cost principle 44第44頁(yè)第44頁(yè)When risk or uncertainty exists, the preference for possible accounting measurement errors should be in the direction of understatement rather than overstatement of assets and income.45第45頁(yè)第45頁(yè)P(yáng)roprietorship：獨(dú)資公司Income Statement

22、：損益表；利潤(rùn)表Statement of Owners Equity： 所有者權(quán)益表 statement of retained earningsBalance Sheet：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Cash Flow Statement：鈔票流量表46第46頁(yè)第46頁(yè)練習(xí) P21-8If assets increase $80,000 during the period and owners equity decreases $16,000 during the period, liabilities must have _ A. increased $ 64,000 B. increased $ 96,0

23、00 C. decreased $ 64,000 D. decreased $ 96,00047第47頁(yè)第47頁(yè)練習(xí) P21-9The following information about the assets and liabilities at the end of 20*1 and 20*2 is given below:20*120*2Assets$ 75000$90000Liabilities360004500048第48頁(yè)第48頁(yè)練習(xí) P21-9If net income was $ 1500 and there were no withdrawals, how much did

24、 the owner invest ? A. $ 4500 B. $ 6000 C. $ 45000 D. $ 4350049第49頁(yè)第49頁(yè)練習(xí) P24 E1-4Four different sole proprietorships, W, X, Y, and Z, show the same balance sheet data at the beginning and end of a year, exclusive of the amount of capital, are summarized as follows:50第50頁(yè)第50頁(yè)練習(xí) P24 E1-4Total assetsT

25、otal liabilitiesBeginning of the year$ 275000$80000End of the year308500051第51頁(yè)第51頁(yè)練習(xí) P24 E1-4On the basis of the above data and the following additional information for the year, determine the net income (or loss) of each company for the year.(Suggestion: First determine the amount of increase or d

26、ecrease in capital during the year.)52第52頁(yè)第52頁(yè)練習(xí) P24 E1-4Company W: The owner had made no additional investments in the business and no withdrawals from the businessCompany X: The owner had made no additional investments in the business but had withdrawn $ 2500053第53頁(yè)第53頁(yè)練習(xí) P24 E1-4Company Y: The ow

27、ner had made an additional investment of $50,000 but had made no withdrawals.Company Z: The owner had made an additional investment of $48,000 and had withdrawn $35,000.54第54頁(yè)第54頁(yè)Balance Sheet：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Assets are 1)probable future economic benefits 2)obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a re

28、sult of 3)past transactions or events.55第55頁(yè)第55頁(yè)Balance Sheet：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Tangible Assets：Cash、Accounts Receivable、Merchandise Inventory、Supplies、Equipment、Buildings、Machines.Intangible Assets：Patent、Trademarks、Copyrights.56第56頁(yè)第56頁(yè)Balance Sheet：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Liabilities are 1)probable future sacrifices of economic

29、 benefits 2)arising from present obligations of a particular entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future as a result of 3)past transactions or events.57第57頁(yè)第57頁(yè)Balance Sheet：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Accounts Payable、Notes Payable、Salaries Payable、Taxes Payable、Interest Payable、Bonds Pa

30、yable.58第58頁(yè)第58頁(yè)Balance Sheet：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Equity is the residual interest in the assets that remains after deducting its liabilities.59第59頁(yè)第59頁(yè)Balance Sheet：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表Share Capital、Capital Surplus、Retained earningsNet assets60第60頁(yè)第60頁(yè)Income Statement：損益表 Net income (Net loss) = Revenues Expenses61第61頁(yè)第61頁(yè)Income

31、 Statement：損益表Income is increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.62第62頁(yè)第62頁(yè)Income Statement：損益表Reven

32、ues are inflows of cash or other properties in exchange for goods or services provided to customers as part of the central operations of the business.63第63頁(yè)第63頁(yè)Revenues：收入SalesRents earnedDividends receivedInterest earned64第64頁(yè)第64頁(yè)Income Statement：損益表Expenses are decreases in economic benefits durin

33、g an accounting period in the form of outflows or depletions of assets or incurrence of liabilities that result in decreases in equity, other than those relating to distributions to equity participants.65第65頁(yè)第65頁(yè)Expenses：費(fèi)用SalariesUtilitiesRent66第66頁(yè)第66頁(yè)Statement of Owners Equity： 所有者權(quán)益表 Opening bal

34、ance+ Net income+ Owners investment - Withdrawal Closing balance67第67頁(yè)第67頁(yè)Exhibit 1-3DifferenceType of Business OrganizationSole ProprietorshipPartnershipCorporationEquity section on the balance sheet is called:Owners equityPartners equityShareholders equity68第68頁(yè)第68頁(yè)Exhibit 1-3DifferenceType of Bus

35、iness OrganizationSole ProprietorshipPartnershipCorporationDistributions to owners are called?WithdrawalsWithdrawalsDividends69第69頁(yè)第69頁(yè)Exhibit 1-3DifferenceType of Business OrganizationSole ProprietorshipPartnershipCorporationWhen managers are also owners, their salaries are normally:Not an expense*

36、Not an expense*An expense70第70頁(yè)第70頁(yè)E1-1 Income StatementRevenues- Consulting revenue Rental revenueExpenses- Rent expense Salaries expense Net income- $ 240071第71頁(yè)第71頁(yè)E1-1 Statement of Owners EquityCapital Dec 1+ Investment during the month+ net income $ 2400- withdrawalsCapital Dec 31 $ 3180072第72頁(yè)

37、第72頁(yè)E1-1 Balance SheetAssets- Cash Supplies FurnitureLiabilities- Accounts payable Notes payable73第73頁(yè)第73頁(yè)E1-1 Balance SheetOwners equity - Capital $ 3180074第74頁(yè)第74頁(yè)Cash Flow Statement：鈔票流量表Operating：經(jīng)營(yíng)Investing：投資Financing：融資75第75頁(yè)第75頁(yè) ProfessionFinancial Accounting externalManagerial Accounting in

38、ternalTax Accounting internalNot-for-profit Accounting：非賺錢(qián)機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)計(jì)76第76頁(yè)第76頁(yè)Financial Statement preparationStatement analysisAuditingRegulatoryConsultingPlanningForensic accounting77第77頁(yè)第77頁(yè)ManagerialGeneral accountingCost accountingBudgetingInternal auditingManagement consulting78第78頁(yè)第78頁(yè)TaxationPrepar

39、ationPlanningRegulatoryInvestigationsConsulting79第79頁(yè)第79頁(yè)AccountingRelated LendersConsultantsAnalystsTradersManagersDirectorsUnderwritersPlanners 80第80頁(yè)第80頁(yè) ProfessionPrivate AccountantsPublic AccountantsGovernment Accountants81第81頁(yè)第81頁(yè) Accounting Elements & Equation Assets = Liabilities + Owners Eq

40、uity82第82頁(yè)第82頁(yè) Net income (Net loss) = Revenues - Expenses83第83頁(yè)第83頁(yè)Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity +（ Revenues - Expenses ） + investments -withdrawals84第84頁(yè)第84頁(yè)Example 1-2A. Hilary invested $ 50,000 cash into the business. She also invested $ 10,000 equipment.Assets =Liabilities + Owners Equit

41、ycashAccounts receivableEquipment Accounts payablecapitalexplanation$50,000$10,000$ 60,000Investment85第85頁(yè)第85頁(yè)Example 1-2B. She paid rent $ 1600 for the month.Assets =Liabilities + Owners EquitycashAccounts receivableEquipment Accounts payablecapitalexplanation-1600-1600Expense86第86頁(yè)第86頁(yè)Example 1-2C

42、. She purchased $ 1 equipment on account.Assets =Liabilities + Owners EquitycashAccounts receivableEquipment Accounts payablecapitalexplanation+12,000+12,00087第87頁(yè)第87頁(yè)Example 1-2D. She earned $ revenue and received the cash.Assets =Liabilities + Owners EquitycashAccounts receivableEquipment Accounts

43、 payablecapitalexplanation+Revenue88第88頁(yè)第88頁(yè)Example 1-2E. She earned $ 7000 revenue on account.Assets =Liabilities + Owners EquitycashAccounts receivableEquipment Accounts payablecapitalexplanation+7000+7000Revenue89第89頁(yè)第89頁(yè)Example 1-2F. She paid $ 8000 cash to purchase equipment.Assets =Liabilities

44、 + Owners EquitycashAccounts receivableEquipment Accounts payablecapitalexplanation-8000+800090第90頁(yè)第90頁(yè)Example 1-2G. She paid the $ 2400 cash for salary.Assets =Liabilities + Owners EquitycashAccounts receivableEquipment Accounts payablecapitalexplanation-2400-2400Expense91第91頁(yè)第91頁(yè)Example 1-2H. She

45、collected $ 5000 from her client. (see transaction E)Assets =Liabilities + Owners EquitycashAccounts receivableEquipment Accounts payablecapitalexplanation+5000-500092第92頁(yè)第92頁(yè)Example 1-2I. She paid $ 1 cash for her account owed (see Transaction C)Assets =Liabilities + Owners EquitycashAccounts recei

46、vableEquipment Accounts payablecapitalexplanation-12,000-12,00093第93頁(yè)第93頁(yè)Example 1-2J. She withdrew $ 500 cash for personal use.Assets =Liabilities + Owners EquitycashAccounts receivableEquipment Accounts payablecapitalexplanation-500-500Withdrawals94第94頁(yè)第94頁(yè) EthicsIntegrityConfidentialityCompetence

47、Objectivity95第95頁(yè)第95頁(yè)P(yáng)20-1Which of the following statements is false?A. The partnership form of business organization protects the personal assets of the owners from creditors of the business.B. A proprietorship has a single owner.96第96頁(yè)第96頁(yè)P(yáng)20-1Which of the following statements is false?C. Accounti

48、ng is the information system that measures business activities, processes that information into reports, and communicates the results to decision makersD. The FASB determines how accounting is practiced in the U.S.97第97頁(yè)第97頁(yè)P(yáng)20-2The primary objective of financial reporting is _ A. To present information in an ethical manner B. To provide information to the federal government C. To