1、一、時(shí)態(tài)解說：此刻達(dá)成時(shí)（1）組成：此刻達(dá)成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have+過去分詞組成，助動(dòng)詞have有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他用have.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的否認(rèn)式直接在助動(dòng)詞后邊加上not、疑問式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語以前。以study為例，其否認(rèn)式、疑問式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式以下：否認(rèn)式疑問式Ihavenot(havent)studied.HaveIstudiedYouhavenot(havent)Haveyoustudiedstudied.Hehasnot(hasnt)studied.Hashestudied否認(rèn)疑問式HaveInot(HaventI)studiedHaveyounot(Have

2、ntyou)studied簡(jiǎn)單回答（一定/否認(rèn)）Yes,youhave.No,youhavent.Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Hashenot(Hasnthe)studiedYes,hehas.No,hehasnt.（2）用法：1）此刻達(dá)成時(shí)往常表示在說話以前已經(jīng)達(dá)成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人重申的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)此刻的結(jié)果或影響。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。Imsurewevemetbefore.我一定我們以前見過面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示連續(xù)到此刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常常和包含此刻在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如recent

3、ly,already,just,lately,for,since,yet等。如：Ihaventheardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒有收到她的信。Wehaventseenyourecently.近來我們沒有見到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們走開已經(jīng)兩年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.注意：a)since和for的差別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exer

4、cise:用since和for填空J(rèn)imhasbeeninIreland_Monday.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia_15days.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_7oclock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting_20minutes.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty_manyyears.Mikehasbeenill_al

5、ongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October.2）表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在達(dá)成時(shí)中間不可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，由于它們表示的動(dòng)作不行能連續(xù)。所以，不可以說：Hehascomeherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.以上三句話能夠改為：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhas_for4months.Theyhave_onlyfor5minutes2）have(

6、has)been和have(has)gone的差別：表示“曾到過某地”要用“have(has)been”;表示“已經(jīng)去某地”要用“have(has)gone”。試比較：Wherehashebeen他方才到哪里去了（已經(jīng)回來了）Wherehashegone他上哪兒去了（人不在）TheyhavebeentoCanada.他們到過加拿大。（此刻已經(jīng)不在加拿大）TheyhavegonetoCanada.他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）.3）此刻達(dá)成時(shí)不可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcam

7、ein，但能夠和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等連用。比如：Shehasalreadycome.她已經(jīng)來了。Ihaventreadityet.我還沒讀過這個(gè)。Ihavemethimbefore.我以前曾見過他。MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.馬紅向來是個(gè)勤學(xué)生。Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我常常在街上看見他。TheyhaveneverbeentoYanan.他們從未去過延安。Ihaventseenhimla

8、tely.我近來沒看到他。Exercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.I_already_(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek._he_(finish)hisworktodayNotyet.Myfather_just_(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.WheresLiMingHe_(go)totheteachersoffice.I_(work)heresinceI_(move)herein1999.SofarI_(make)quiteafewfriendshere.Howlong_theWan

9、gs_(stay)hereFortwoweeks.I_just_(finish)myhomework.He_(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.you_(find)yoursciencebookyetIfit_(be)finetomorrow,Illgowithyou.Thestudents_(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.Look!Themonkey_(climb)thetree.Mymother_(come)toseemenextSunday.Ivelostmypen._you_(see)itanywhereII.Choosethebe

10、stanswer.1.Howlonghaveyou_hereA.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been2.Mygrandpadied_.C.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.3.Janehas_toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_Ilastsawher.willgotothestationtomeetLorry-Iwill.I_herseveraltimes.meet-Whatanicedress!Howlong_you_it-Just2weeks.A.w

11、ill,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,hadyouknowLydiaverywell-Yes,SheandI_friendssincewewereveryyoung.D.haveturned8.TheSmiths_inChinafor8years.D.live-Sorry.He_theBainiaoPark.goto-_youever_totheUS-Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingIII.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否認(rèn)句)

12、I_beentoMacaubefore.Hehasntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就劃線部分提問)_hecometoschool3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫)I_just_anewbike.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.改(為同義句)We_English_threeyearsHehasneversurfed,_（改成反意疑問句）Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對(duì)劃線部分發(fā)問)_havetheybeenhereTheoldman_lastyear.Hehas_foray

13、ear.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句變換)MissGaohas_anhourago.Askthequestions1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._you_2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000._yourfather_3)Helefthereyesterday._he_4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._they_abookUse“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”tofillintheblanks.Ihave_seenhimbefore

14、,soIhavenoideaabouthim.Jackhas_finishedhishomework.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool_tenyears.“Haveyou_seenthefilm”“No,Ihave_seenit.”“Hasthebusleft_”“Yes,ithas_left”.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案一、翻譯以下句子：你以前吃過魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎我剛才丟了我的化學(xué)書。我以前素來沒去過那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。他已經(jīng)吃過午餐你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎我哥哥還沒回來。7.這本詞典我已買了三年了。8.他走開中國(guó)三年了。9.我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。10.他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。11.自從他搬到濟(jì)

15、寧，他就住這兒了。12.我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。13.自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。14.我到達(dá)這個(gè)學(xué)校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空yearsmonthyearsago19994oclock7_4hourshourago9._wewerechildrenlunchtimeshelefthereHehaslivedinNanjing_theyearbeforelast.Iveknownhim_wewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_threeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity_abouttenyears

16、.Itsabouttenyears_sheleftthecity.三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞變換為以下連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或許表示能夠連續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語。arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetospbeinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesBeijingfor.2)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.4)Theycameherelastweek.They_heresince_.c

17、ometo/gobackto/returntobebacktogooutbeout1)Hecameouttwoyears_for_.2)WereturntoBeijing_toBeijingsince_.becomebe1)Ibecameateacherin2000.I_ateacherfor_.Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver_dirtyfor_.closebeclosedopenbeopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_for_.Thedooropenedatsixinthedoor_forsixhours.get

18、upbeup；diebedead；leavesp.beawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleepbeasleep；finish/endbeover；marrybemarried；1)Igotuptwohours_since_.2)HeleftShanghaijust_Shanghaiforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedingrandpa_for_.4)Themeetingfinishedatmeeting_forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I_since_.6)Theymarriedin1990.They_sinc

19、e_.start/begintodosth.dosth.；beginbeonIbegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I_atthisschoolsince_.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_for_.borrowkeep；losenothave；buyhave；putonwearcatch/getacoldhaveacold；gettoknowknow1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They_itsince_.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I_apenfor_.3)Igottoknowhiml

20、astyear.I_himsince_.4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_myglassesfor_.have/hasgonetohavebeeninHehasgoneto_Beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/thePartybeintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_a_fortwoyears.He_a_the_f

21、ortwoyears.He_theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_a_for_.Mybrother_in_fortwoyears.四、劃線發(fā)問1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._you_2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000._yourfather_3)Helefthereyesterday._he_4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._they_abook五、用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。Where_

22、LiFei_He_toHainanIsland.Howlong_he_thereHe_thereforthreedays.Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknowImafraidhewontcomebackrecently.CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIslandSorry,I_never_there.Howmanytimes_LiFei_tothatplaceB:He_thereonlyonce.六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各樣形式填空。WhereisJackHe_hiscountry.David_thep

23、arkjustnow.John_Englandsincehecameback.Howlong_they_thisvillageTheSmiths_Beijingforyears._youever_America-Yes,I_theremanytimes.I_thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.WhereisJimHe_thefarm.When_he_He_anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_tothezoowithme-Yes,butI_therebefore.11)Where_you_now-I_tothezoo.Heoften_swimming._

24、you_therelastyear_theyoften_skatinginwinter七用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空Ihave_seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.Jackhas_finishedhishomework.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool_tenyears.“Haveyou_seenthefilm”“No,Ihave_seenit.”“Hasthebusleft_”“Yes,ithas_left”.八.用適合的時(shí)態(tài)填空：s_(live)hereeversinceshew

25、asten.ofthem_(be)inHongkongfortendays.ofthem_(come)toHongkongtendaysago.Halfanhour_(pass)sincethetrain_(leave).Mary_(lose)herpen._you_(see)ithereandthere_you_(find)yourwatchyet-Areyouthirsty-NoI_just_(have)someorange.We-already_(return)thebook._they_(build)anewschoolinthevillageI_(notfinish)myhomewo

26、rk.CanyouhelpmeMyfather_(read)thenoveltwice.I_(buy)abookjustnow.I_(lost)mywatchyesterday.Myfather_(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.參照答案：7.for8.since1.have,seen,saw2.Has,finished3.has,come4.hasgone5.haveworked,moved6.havemade7.have,stayed8.have,finished9.goes10.have,found11.is12.werereading13.isclimbing1

27、4.iscoming15.Have,seenKeys:1.Howlonghave,beenthere2.Howlonghas,livedhere3.Whendid,leavehere4.Whendid,buyKeys:1.never2.just,already3.for4.ever,never5.yet,just/already此刻達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題答案一翻譯以下句子：1.Haveyoueverhad/eatenfishandchips2.Ihavejustlostmychemistrybook.3.Ihaveneverbeentothefarmbefore.4.Hehasalreadyhadlu

28、nch=Hehashadlunchalready.5.Haveyouseenthemovieyet6.Mybrotherhasntcome/get/beenbackyet=Mybrotherhasntreturnedyet.7.Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.8.HasbeenawayfromChinaforthreeyears.9.Ihaveknownthemforfiveyears.TheyhavebeenintheUSAforfiveyears.HehasbeenheresincehemovedtoJining

29、.Mysisterhasbeenacollegestudentforthreeyears=Mysisterhasbeenincollegeforthreeyears.Theyhaveknowneachothersince1999.Ihavebeeninthisschoolforoverthreeyears.二、用since或許for填空10.since11.since13.since16.since三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞變換為以下連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或許表示能夠連續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語1.hasbeenin,fiveminutes2.havebeenin,20083.havebeenat,twodayshavebeen

30、,lastweek1.havebeenout,twoyearshavebeenback,yesterday1.havebeen,nineyears2.hasbeen,twoyears1.hasbeenclosed,twohourshasbeenopen1.havebeenup,twohoursagohasbeenawayfromhasbeendead,sevenyearshasbeenoverhavebeenasleep,twohoursagohavebeenmarried,19901.havetaught,1995hasbeenon,twominutes1.havekept,lastweekhavehad,twohourshave