1、Nonfinite verbs非謂語動詞1. to do 2.-ing 3.done謂語：說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.單謂語或動詞短語情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+ v.系動詞+表語非謂語：無人稱，數的變化，不單獨作謂語，但保留動詞特點，可以有賓語或狀語。e.g. He

2、 works. He wants to work here. He is working now. He has done his work. 非謂語不定式（to do)V-ingV-edas a nounas adj. or adv.現在分詞動名詞過去分詞非謂語動詞 的分類使用條件一個句子當中，已經存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現時,這些動詞就充當了非謂語動詞.非謂語動詞的Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2. The

3、 news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗爭。)找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞（含短語）非謂語動詞的句法作用非謂語動詞主語賓語表語定語賓補狀語不定式動名詞現在分詞過去分詞高考熱點一、不定式與動名詞做主語：1. 動名詞做主語往往表示泛指的

4、、一般的行為; 不定式 做主語常表示某次具體的行為或將來的動作。 e.g. Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。 To visit China is my next goal. 2. 不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不 定式短語后置。 e.g. It took me only five minutes to finish the job.3. 動名詞作主語有時用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句 尾。常見于以下句型中： Its use/ good / fun Its useful/ nice/ useless e.g Its nice see

5、ing you again. 辨析幾類情況：1. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Being learned2. It is not always easy _ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused3. How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. A. to solve B. to be solved

6、C. being solved D. solving4. It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus. A. cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to5. It is no good _. You should give_. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking, it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it1. 下列動詞后常跟不定式做賓語： want, wish, hope, expect, ask, a

7、fford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, happen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, manage, promise, intend等。e.g. He agreed to get someone to help us. They promised not to break the school rules again. 二、不定式與動名詞做賓語： 只能接不定式作賓語的動詞口訣： 決定想做計劃需要同意能做被用來做的事 迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事 決定想做計劃需要同意能做被用來做的事

8、 decide to do sth. 決定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 計劃做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用來做 迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下決心做某事 used to do 過去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事2. 在下列動詞或動詞短語后常用動名詞做賓語： admit,

9、 advise, allow, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(

10、from), protectfrom, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devoteto, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。只能接-ing作賓語的動詞口訣： 喜歡花費忙著想象忍不住想要結束練習 錯過建議保持介意值得考慮 （押韻）喜歡花費忙著想象忍不住想要結束練習 enjoy doing sth. 喜歡

11、做某事 spend.doing sth. 花費做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 練習做某事 miss doing sth. 錯過做某事 suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（繼續(xù)）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing s

12、th. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考慮做某事錯過建議保持介意值得考慮 介詞+doing ?？冀樵~: at, in, on of, off, for, from up, about, without to 等等 be good at doing sth 擅長做某事 be interested in doing sth. 對做某事感興趣 insist on doing 堅持做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用來做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 謝謝某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厭煩做某事 be af

13、raid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 put off doing 推遲做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放棄做某事without doing sth. 沒有做某事think about doing sth. 考慮做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么樣?此to 非彼to look forward to doing sth. （盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be used to doing sth. （習慣于） prefer doing sth t

14、o doing sth.（更喜歡） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing （做貢獻）特殊詞精講:to do doing remember forger (do在后) 要做（do在前）做過stop go on （兩個字）兩件事 （一個字）一件事likehatelove一次性 長期 try 盡力做 嘗試做 startbegin一樣 一樣 stop doing/to dostop to do停下來去做另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他們停下來吸煙。 They stop to smoke.我必須戒煙了 I m

15、ust stop smoking.forget to do忘記要去做某事，forget doing忘記做過某事。Eg：辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 他忘記他已經關了燈了。（已做過關燈的動作） He forgot turning the light off. forget doing/to do remember doing/to doremember to do 記得去做某事remember doing記得做過某事記著放學后去趟郵局。Remember

16、 to go to the post office after school. 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?Dont you remember seeing the man before?go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。Eg：做完數學后，他接著去做物理。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完這個練習后，接著做其他的練習Go on doing other exercises after you have finish

17、ed this one.try doing/ to do sth.try to do sth. 努力, 盡力做某事Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it .try doing sth. 試著做某事The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it.小試牛刀1. Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 2.-Its too hot.

18、Would you mind _the door? -_. Please do it. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 3. No matter how hard it is, well keep _ until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying 4. -Are you enjoying _in Ningbo? -Yes, we are. Very much. A. to live B.

19、living C. lives D. lived 5 We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed 6. He gave us some advice on how _ English. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn7. It s a pay day, and they are waiting _. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid8. I

20、 dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September . Ato be heard B. to be hearing Cto hear D. to have heard 9. I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition. A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing10. -You were brave enough to raised obje

21、ctions at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 11 . She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 12.Martin looks so well. Weve never seen him _ so well before. A. is looked B.

22、 is looking C. to look D. look 13.My father has decided _ because smoking is bad for his health. A. to stop to smoke B. to stop smoking C. stopping smoking D. stop to smoke 14 It is kind _ me to carry these books. A. of you helping B. for you to help C. of you to help D. for you helping15. Would you

23、 like _ some bread or biscuits? No thanks. I dont feel like anything now. A. to have, eating B. to have, to eat C. having, to eat D. having, eating 16. Do you remember me, Tom? Ah, yes, I remembered _ you in JUSCO last year. A. see B. sees C. to see D. seeing三、不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞做表語 1. 表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質

24、時，不定式和動名 詞可以互換。 e.g. My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins. 2. 若表示具體的、個別的動作或有將來含義時，一般用 不定式。 e.g. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 3. 現在分詞和過去分詞作表語具有形容詞特征,也可以 作為形容詞。但要注意二者的區(qū)別 e.g. The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news1. Her wish is _ an engineer. A.

25、becoming B. become C. to become D. being come2.Some peoples greatest pleasure is _. A. fishingB. to fish C. to be fishing D. being fish3. The report was so _ that they were all _. A. inspiring, exciting B. inspiring, excited C. inspired, excited D. inspired, exciting4. -“You look pale.” -“I feel a l

26、ittle _.” A. tireB. tiredC. tiringD. tiresome 四、不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞做定語 1. 不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示未發(fā)生的 動作或將要發(fā)生的某一動作。 e.g. The train to arrive is from London He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 2. 動名詞做定語往往說明所修飾詞的某種用途，一般 放在被修飾詞的前面。 e.g. a washing machine （動名詞做定語，= a machine which is used for

27、 washing） 洗衣機 a reading room（動名詞做定語，= a room which is used for reading） 閱覽室3. 現在分詞作定語表示主動、正在進行的動作。過去 分詞作定語則表示被動、或完成的意義。單個分詞 或形容詞性的分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞的前 面；分詞短語作定語多置于被修飾詞后面。 e.g. the rising sun（現在分詞做定語，= the sun which is rising）正在升起的太陽 the changing world（現在分詞做定語，= the world which is changing）變化中的世界 a moving

28、 movie 感人的電影 excited voice激動的聲音 （形容詞性分詞作定語） fallen leaves 落葉 a broken cup 一個破了的杯子 （過去分詞作定語則表示被動、或完成）1. She said she had a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending2. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered3. The

29、 Olympic Games _ in the year 2012 will be a great success. A. being held B. to be held C. held D. to hold4. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written5. At present, English is the main

30、subject _ here. A. to be taught B. being taught C. teaching D. to be teaching 6. -Who are those people with the banner? -A group _ itself the League for peace. A. calling B. calls C. called D. is called 7. The pen _ belongs to me. A. which it is on the table B. lying on the table C. is on the table

31、D. which on the table 五、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞做補足語 1. 在“動詞+賓語+不定式”結構中，不定式作賓語補足語，“賓語+不定式”構成了復合賓語。 有些動詞要求不定式不帶to，有些要求必須帶to，還有的帶與不帶都可以。 以下動詞后常跟帶符號to的不定式做賓語補足語： ask, tell, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。e.g. The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.

32、 We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我們希望他留下來接受這個職位。 接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞口訣： 請求與命令 想要邀請期待鼓勵與建議 答應告誡允許提醒和幫助請求與命令 ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事想要邀請期待鼓勵與建議 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事 a

33、dvise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 答應告誡允許提醒和幫助 promise sb. to do 答應某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告誡某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事 有些感官動詞和使役動詞，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后常跟不帶符號to的不

34、定式做賓語補足語，常表動作的整個過程。 e.g. We noticed him enter the house. 我們留意到他進了那所房子。 The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板讓他們一天干12小時工作。 省略to的情況:使役動詞和感官動詞后：一感二聽三讓四看feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have, / look at, see, watch, noticehad better （not）do sth. 最好(不)做why not /why dont you do sth為什么不做? help sb.

35、（to）do sth Would rather寧愿做 would you please情態(tài)動詞+do助動詞+do牛刀小試1.My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B. does C. did D. to do 2.Do you often hear John _in his room ? Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room . A.sing , to sing B. sing, sing C. sing , singing D. to sing , singing 3.I

36、watched her _ in the next room last night . A.dancing B. to dance C. dances D. dance4.Lets _swimming after the exam . A.go B. goes C. to go D. went5.Youd better _a bus . A.to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching6. The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest. A. that he get B. to get C. would get D. get7.

37、 Soon they saw the boy _ in the crowd. A. disappear B. to disappear C. disappears D. disappeared8. Birds are seldom heard _ at night. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. to be singing 2. 現在分詞做補足語分兩種情況： 形容詞性質的現在分詞作補足語： e.g. I find the book very interesting. 我發(fā)現這本書非常有趣。（賓語補足語） The boy is found very annoy

38、ing. 發(fā)現這個小男孩很令人討厭。（主語補足語） 動詞性質的現在分詞作補足語：感官動詞和使役動 詞，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后可以跟表示動作性質的 現在分詞作補足語，表示“正在或持續(xù)做某事”。 e.g. I see him passing by a bank. 我看見他正經過一家銀行。（賓語補足語） He was seen working in the garden. 有人看見他正在花園里干活。（主語補足語）1. He kept me _

39、for many hours. A. to wait B. having been waited C. waiting D. waited 2. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked 3. Having read the Emperors New Clothes, we all found it _. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. to interest 區(qū)分下列詞組:see sb. doing/ do

40、 sth.hear sb. doing/ do sth.watch sb. doing/ do sth.notice sb. doing/ do sth.感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel+ do表示動作的完整性，+doing 表示動作的進行性。注意：被動語態(tài)中不能省去to。3. 過去分詞(done)做賓語補足語，說明賓語的性質或狀態(tài)，與賓語一起構成復合賓語，其前的賓語是它的邏輯主語。 若是及物動詞的過去分詞，既表示被動，也可以表示動作已經完成（即先于謂語動詞）。 若是不及物動詞的過去分詞，則只表示完成。 句子由主動變

41、被動時，賓語補足語相應的變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語。 The boss found his plan carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (賓補) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主補)1. I need this chapter _ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to wri

42、te again2. When she returned home, she found the window open and something _. A. to steal B. losing C. missed D. stolen 3. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _. A. being heard B. heard C. hearing D. hear 六、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞做狀語 1. 不定式做狀語，主要表示目的、結果、原因以及評論 性狀語。 不定式往往放在系表結構后面，表示

43、產生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因。 e.g. She was surprised to see Jim walk in. 看到吉姆進來，她很驚訝。 不定式可以單獨作目的狀語，有時為了強調目的性， 在不定式前可以加上in order, so as。 e.g. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows. 不定式表結果，常用在too to, enough to結構中。 有時不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的結果。 e.g. The child is

44、 old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife, never to return. 有些不定式是用來表示說話者的觀點或態(tài)度的，放在 句子之外，修飾整個句子，我們稱之為評論性狀語。 e.g. I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth. To cut a long story short, we disagree. 長話短說，我們不同意

45、。六、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞做狀語 1. I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry _. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. left 2. I went to see him _ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. only found 2. 現在分詞做狀語可表示時間、原因、結果、伴隨、方 式、目的以及作評論性狀語等。 現在分詞的一般式作時間狀語，往往表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或相繼發(fā)生?，F在分詞的完成式作時間狀語，往往表示動作先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。 e.g. Hearing the news, t