1、Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?Page 19 1 over there 在那邊。Over 為副詞adv 穿過（街道，開闊的空間等）的意思。Over 作介詞 prep 有如下用法：a) 在上面，在上方（正上方）。反義詞是under. 例如：There is a bridge over the river.在河上有一座橋。b) 高于，超過（職位，年齡，數(shù)目等）例如：His father is over forty years old.他爸爸四十多歲了。c) 遍及，從頭至尾（復(fù)習(xí)，檢查等）Mo Yan is famo

2、us now all over the world.莫言現(xiàn)在舉世聞名了。2 promise v 保證，許諾，shout v 喊，叫，大喊，hold on my hand 抓住我的手。3but shouting did help.但大笑的確有用。Did在此用來強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞help以表示加強(qiáng)語氣，意為“的確，確實(shí)”。其原形do作助動(dòng)詞時(shí) 也有相同的用法：We do love watching English movies.4 suggest v 建議，提議，后接名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞作賓語，He suggested having a rest.他建議休息一下。建議某人做某事用suggest sb do

3、ing sth. 如He suggested his brother giving up the foolish idea. 另外suggest 后還可跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，但從句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語動(dòng)詞要用“should + do(動(dòng)詞原形)”，should 也可省略。Our teacher suggested that we (should) try our best to learn English well. Suggest的名詞是suggestion cn 建議，有短語make a suggestion. 建議。5 On their way to Water City Resta

4、urant, Alice and He Wei pass by Uncle Bobs .在他們?nèi)ニ铣鞘胁蛷d的路上，艾麗斯和何偉路過鮑勃叔叔的餐廳。A)On ones way（to） 在某人去的路上，如果后面的地點(diǎn)是副詞（如home , here , there ）to 就去掉。On his way to school , he met his good friend. On his way home , he saw a big black dog lying in the road. B) pass by 路過，經(jīng)過，相當(dāng)于walk by可單獨(dú)使用，也可后接名詞，還可用于比喻意義，表示時(shí)間

5、“消逝”。On my way to school , I passed by a post office. Two years has quikly passed by. 6 walk up to 向走去，走近，The little boy walked up to his mother happily.7 staff n管理人員，職工，員工，是集體性名詞，既可作單數(shù)，也可作復(fù)數(shù)，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The boss believes his staff is the best. The staff in the shop are not friendly.

6、Page 201 Grammar Focus Wh 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句連接代詞what, who , which 或連接副詞when, where, why , how等即特殊疑問詞 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，在句中作成分，不可省略。Could you please tell me what time she will start tomorrow? 特殊疑問句作賓語從句也要用陳述句的語序，即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他。賓語從句在一定條件下可以與簡(jiǎn)單句相互轉(zhuǎn)化。 1），由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主句主語和從句主語一致時(shí)，從句可以變?yōu)椤耙蓡栐~+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)。I dont know what I should

7、 do next.-I dont know what to do next. 2）, 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是see, hear, watch, find 等詞時(shí)，其后that 從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞-ing形式”。I found that some boys were playing soccer just now.可轉(zhuǎn)化為I found some boys playing soccer just now. 3） 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是agree, hope, wish 等，主句主語或賓語和從句主語一致時(shí)，后面that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。I hope that I can jo

8、in the music club.可轉(zhuǎn)化為I hope to join the music club.2 grape cn 葡萄3 central adj 中心的，中央的，Central Park中央公園 名詞是center或centre 中心，中央。 4 nearby (1)adv 在附近，不遠(yuǎn)，The car was parked nearby. (2) adj 附近的，鄰近的，His parents live in a nearby city.5 mail n 郵件，vt 郵寄 mail sth to sb 給某人郵寄某物。Could you please mail the lette

9、r to your aunt?6 go east along 沿著朝東走，east adv 向東，朝東；The windows face east. 另外，east 可作形容詞（意為：東方的，東部的，）和名詞（東，東方，the East 東方國(guó)家）7 Italian adj 意大利的，意大利人的，n 意大利人（可數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)為Italians）;意大利語，Italy 意大利（國(guó)家名）。 Section BPage 211 fascinating adj 吸引人的，迷人的，使人神魂顛倒的，其主語通常是事物，可作表語和定語。Fascinated adj 入迷的，極感興趣的，主語通常是人。2 conve

10、nient adj便利的，方便的，反義詞是inconvenient （不方便的），名詞是convenience (un/cn方便，便利，便利的事物，設(shè)施等)，其主語必須是形式主語it或事物，不可是人。常用句型Its convenient for sb to do sth.做某事對(duì)某人來說是方便的。Its convenient for us to live near a supermarket . 對(duì)于我們來說，住在超市附近是方便的。3 inexpensive adj 廉價(jià)的，不昂貴的，同義詞為cheap;反義詞為expensive/dear4 uncrowded adj 不擁擠的，人少的，是c

11、rowded的反義詞。5 corner cn 拐角，角落。常用短語：in the corner 在拐角的內(nèi)部，There is a table in the corner of the room.在房角里有一張桌子。 On the corner在拐角之上，There is a computer on the corner of the desk.在書桌的角上放著一臺(tái)電腦。at the corner 在拐角邊，The shose store is at the corner of the street . on/at the corner 強(qiáng)調(diào)在拐角外部。Page 22 1 request (1

12、) n 要求，請(qǐng)求，make a request for 要求,a / the request for 對(duì)的要求。（2）vt 要求，請(qǐng)求，a)request sb (not) to do sth要求/請(qǐng)求某人（不）要做某事。His parents requested the boy not to go boating.with his friends.那個(gè)男孩的父母要求他不要和他的朋友去劃船。 b)request sth (from sb )（向某人）要求某物。She requested permission to leave as soon as possible.她請(qǐng)求允許盡快離開。c)

13、request +that 從句：從句謂語用(should +)動(dòng)詞原形。I request that she (should) go alone.我要求她自己一個(gè)人去。2 politely adv 禮貌地，形容詞是polite , be polite to sb 對(duì)某人友好的。polite的反義詞是impolite（沒禮貌的）rude （粗魯?shù)模?，politely 的反義詞是impolitely. The students should greet the teachers politely.學(xué)生應(yīng)該有禮貌地和老師打招呼。3 direction n 方向，方位，in the directio

14、n of .朝/向的方向。She went off in the direction of the library.她朝圖書館的方向走去。4 correct（1）adj 正確的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?，相?dāng)于right ,副詞是correctly, 反義詞是wrong , incorrect . The answer is not correct. 答案不正確。（2）vt 改正Please correct the mistakes in your papers.請(qǐng)改正一下你試卷中的錯(cuò)誤。5 less polite 不那么禮貌，較不禮貌。Less adv 較少，較小；更少，更小。Less +形容詞/副詞，意為較

15、不/更不,Life was less convenient in the past than today.過去的生活不如現(xiàn)在方便。6 direct adj 直接的，直率的，反義詞是indirect (間接的)，副詞是directly (直接地)，名詞是direction (方向)，director cn (單位負(fù)責(zé)人，主任，導(dǎo)演) direct speech 直接引語，indirect speech 間接引語。A very direct order like this can sound rude in English .像這樣一個(gè)很直接的命令在英語中聽起來很粗魯。7 speaker cn 講

16、（某種語言）的人；發(fā)言者，動(dòng)詞是speak .If you want to be a good speaker, you must chang the way you speak in different situations . 如果你想成為一名會(huì)說話的人，你必須根據(jù)不同的情景改變說話的方式。8 whom pron誰；什么人，whom是who的賓格，但通常用who代替whom,若緊跟介詞后只能用whom. With whom did you just talk ?你剛才和誰談話？9 address cn 住址；地址；通訊處。Whats your e-mail address,please?請(qǐng)

17、問你的郵件地址是什么？10 leading in to a request 引入一個(gè)請(qǐng)求，lead in to 引入，導(dǎo)入，11 trouble （1）vt使煩惱；麻煩；打擾。 Trouble to do sth 費(fèi)心做某事，常用于否定句或疑問句。Dont trouble to come .不必費(fèi)心來了。Trouble sb for sth/to do sth 麻煩某人做某事，通常用于疑問句，句首常用may, might, can, could 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示客氣的請(qǐng)求。May I trouble you for the book?麻煩你把書拿給我好嗎？（2） un 麻煩；困難。Be in

18、trouble 有煩事；有困難。Get into trouble 陷入困境，惹上麻煩，have troublr (in) doing sth 做某事有困難。12 . before asking for help 在尋求幫助之前，before 后接了動(dòng)詞-ing 形式，當(dāng)when, before, after, 等連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，如果從句的謂語含有be,主語又語主句的主語一致時(shí)，從句的主語和謂語be常?？梢允÷?，用“連詞+v-ing”表示，I met a friend of mine,when (I was )shopping in the supermarket . 13 commun

19、icate vi&vt 交流，交際。Communicate with sb 和某人交流。名詞是communication （交流，可數(shù)名詞）。Parents should often communicate with their children.父母應(yīng)該經(jīng)常和他們的孩子交流。14 underground (1) adj 地下的，underground parking lot 地下停車場(chǎng)，(2) n 地鐵，相當(dāng)于subway , They always go to work by underground.他們總是乘地鐵去上班。Page 23 1 happen vi 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，（是不及物動(dòng)詞，

20、無被動(dòng)語態(tài)）用法常見如下：（1）sth +happen +地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間 意為“某地/某時(shí)發(fā)生了某事?！盩he earthquake happened in 2008. (2)sth + happen +to sb 表示“某人出了某事（不好的事）?！盇 car accident happende to the old man this morning.今天上午，那個(gè)老人發(fā)生了車禍。（3）sb +happen +to do sth “某人碰巧做某事”。I happened to meet a friend of mine last Sunday.(4) happen 表示“碰巧/或恰巧發(fā)生某事”時(shí)，

21、還可用”It happens/ happened that .”來表達(dá)。It happened that I was not at home when you came to my home.當(dāng)你來我家時(shí)，我恰巧不在家。2 course cn 課程，學(xué)科。He is going to take a course in science.他打算學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)課程。 Of course 當(dāng)然=sure。Page 24 1 look forward to 期待，期望，to 是介詞，后接名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞。They are looking forward to seeing their parents.2 r

22、eply n 回復(fù)，回信。 Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.Page 251 used to be +形容詞/名詞，過去常常；曾經(jīng)是。used to do sth 過去常常做某事。 Be used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事。 Be used to do sth 被用來做某事。Use sth to do sth用某物來做某事。2 Mario,you used to be short , didnt you ?此句是反意疑問句，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種：前肯后否，前否后肯。He is a good student, isnt he ? He ca

23、n speak little English , can he ?3 Whats he like ?他長(zhǎng)什么樣？Whats sb like ?=What does sb look like?某人長(zhǎng)什么樣？Page 251 humorous adj 有幽默感的；滑稽有趣的，可作定語，表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。A humorous story really makes people laugh.幽默的故事真的讓人們感到發(fā)笑。名詞是humor n幽默 a sense of humor 幽默感， The teacher has a sense of humor.2 silent adj 不說話的，沉默的，名詞

24、是silence , 副詞是silently , keep silent 保持沉默。In silence 沉默地。3 helpful adj 有用的，有幫助的，樂于助人的。(1) be helpful in (doing) sth 對(duì)（做）某事有幫助。I think this article is helpful (in) answering the question.我認(rèn)為這篇文章對(duì)回答這個(gè)問題有幫助。(2) be helpful to sb / sth 對(duì)某人/某物有好處。Doing exercise is helpful to our health.（3）It +be helpful (

25、for sb) to do sth （對(duì)某人來說）做某事是有好處的。It is very helpful for us to review our lessons everyday.對(duì)我們來說，每天復(fù)習(xí)功課是有很大好處的。 Help v 幫助，help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事。Help sb with sth 在某方面幫助某人（幫助某人做某事）。Cant help doing sth 情不自禁做某事，help n 幫助 with the help of sb 在某人的幫助下。4 from time to time 時(shí)常；有時(shí)。=sometimes = at times T

26、om is late from time to time, so his teacher wants to know the reason.5 Its been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.自從上次我們見到小學(xué)同學(xué)以來，時(shí)間已經(jīng)過了三年了。It has been +一段時(shí)間+since +一般過去時(shí)的句子。其中has been 可改為is ,所以原句可改為It is three years since we saw our primary school classmates. 也可改為Three yea

27、rs has passed since we last saw our primary school classmates .6 such a great idea多么棒的一個(gè)想法。Such a / an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)=so +形容詞+a / an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。7 score(1) cn 得分；進(jìn)球，它即可表示考試得分，也可表示比賽得分。The final score was 3:2. (2) v 得分；進(jìn)球。He scored in the final minute of the game . 他在比賽的最后一分鐘進(jìn)了球。Page 261 interview(1) vt采訪，面試，Th

28、e reporter wanted to interview Fan Bingbing.(2) cn采訪，面試，job interview求職面試，telephone interview電話面試，電話訪問。Have an interview有一個(gè)采訪。An interview with sb / sth 對(duì)某人/某物的采訪。How was your interview with the star.你對(duì)那個(gè)明星的采訪怎么樣？（3） interviewer cn采訪者，面試者。Interviewee cn被采訪者，被面試者。2 Asian（1） adj 亞洲的，亞洲人的，China is an A

29、sian country.(2) n 亞洲人，復(fù)數(shù)為Asians .Asia n亞洲。3 take up 開始從事；接受（提議）占有，take up doing sth / sth 開始做某事/某事。4 deal with 對(duì)付，應(yīng)付，處理。它相當(dāng)于do with 但do with常與what 連用，表示“怎樣處理”，deal with 常與how 連用，表示“怎樣處理”。How do you deal with shyness? = What do you do with shyness?5 shyness n 害羞，靦腆。形容詞是shy adj 害羞的，靦腆的。6 dare v敢于；膽敢，

30、（1）行為動(dòng)詞，dare to do sth 敢于做某事，She is so shy that she doesnt dare to ask the teacher a question. (2)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，經(jīng)常用在否定句，疑問句或條件句中，I darent tell her the truth.我不敢告訴她真相。7 crowd n人群，群眾，一群，8private adj 私人的，私密的，private letters 私人信q件，反義詞是public (adj 公共的)，常用短語in private 私下，private school私立學(xué)校。9 guard（1） cn警衛(wèi)，看守，on g

31、ard 警惕；警戒；守衛(wèi)，Some soldiers are on guard at the gate of the bank .一些士兵在大門口守衛(wèi)。（2） v 守衛(wèi)，保衛(wèi)，The dog guarded the house against strangers.狗守衛(wèi)者房屋，不讓陌生人進(jìn)。10 fight on 在作戰(zhàn)，在（某方面）反對(duì)（某人）。11 require v 要求；需要，名詞是requirement (名詞，要求，規(guī)定 follow the reuirement 遵守規(guī)定)。(1)require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事。The teacher requires

32、her students to hand in their homework on time.老師要求她的學(xué)生按時(shí)交送作業(yè)。(2) Require doing sth = require to be done = need doing sth 某事需要被做。The flowers require watering.= The flowers require to be watered. (3) require that + sb (should) do sth. He required that I (should) go to work right away. 12 tons of 大量的，

33、許多的，13 a number of 許多；大量，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于many ,number 前可用large ,small修飾，表示程度，若作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The number of ,的數(shù)量/數(shù)目后常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，但作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。A number of students are singing on the stage（舞臺(tái)）.The number of them is about 50.14 make it to the top 到達(dá)頂端，make it（ (to) +地點(diǎn)）到達(dá)某處，Well just make it if you hurry.如

34、果你快點(diǎn)，我們會(huì)按時(shí)到達(dá)的。Make it 成功，You can make it .你可以成功。Make it 約定（時(shí)間）。Lets make it 7：00tomorrow morning.Page 28 1 European (1) adj 歐洲的，歐洲人的，a European country 一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家，（2）cn 歐洲人，復(fù)數(shù)是Europeans 。Europe n歐洲2 African (1)adj 非洲的，非洲人的 （2）cn非洲人，復(fù)數(shù)是Africans ,3 British adj 英國(guó)人的，英國(guó)的，British English 英式英語，American Englis

35、h 美式英語，4 speech cn講話，發(fā)言，演說，The speech was so boring that we all fell asleep . make / give a speech 發(fā)表演說。5 public (1) n 民眾，常與the連用，The public should obey the social rules.民眾應(yīng)該遵守社會(huì)規(guī)則。（2）adj 公開的，公眾的，National Day is a public holiday . 國(guó)慶節(jié)是一個(gè)公共假日。 In public 公開地； 在別人（尤指陌生人）面前。This is a public place, you c

36、ant shout loudly in public. Give a speech in public 在眾人面前發(fā)言。 Section B Page 29 1 ant cn螞蟻，insect cn 昆蟲，Ants and bees are insects . 2 be on the soccer team 在足球隊(duì)里。On 為（某團(tuán)體或組織）的一員，3 worry about 擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂，煩惱，worry about sb / sth擔(dān)心某人或某事，形容詞是worried , be worried about sb / sth = worry about sb / sth 4 all the

37、 time 一直，始終，多置于句末，不表示品路，相當(dāng)于always 但它要放在助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，是頻度副詞，表示動(dòng)作重復(fù)，狀態(tài)持續(xù)。He always goes to walk by bike.Page 30 1 seldom adv 不常，很少，是頻度副詞，含有否定意義，當(dāng)句中含有seldom 時(shí)，翻譯疑問句的簡(jiǎn)略疑問部分要用肯定句式。Some students seldom have breakfast , do they?常見的頻度副詞：always 總是（幾乎100%） usually通常（約80%）often 常常（約60%）sometimes有時(shí)（約40%）s

38、eldom 很少（約20%）hardly ever 幾乎不（約5%）never 從不（幾乎0%）2 influence (1) v 影響，（主要指對(duì)行為，性格，觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接或潛移默化的影響）。Our parents can influence easily . (2) n 影響，可構(gòu)成短語：have an influence on sb 對(duì)某人產(chǎn)生影響，My English teacher has a great influence on me .3 absent adj 缺席，不在，be absent from 缺席，He works hard and he is never absent

39、 from classes.4 fail v失敗，不及格；未能做到，名詞是failure ;反義詞是succeed ; fail to do sth 未能做某事，fail in (doing ) sth （做）某事失敗，（指做完了某事，但未成功）。5 examination cn 考試，審查，=exam to take an examination參加考試，fail an examination 考試失敗，不及格。6 in preson 親身，親自，You had better go to ask him in person .你最好親自去問他。類似的“in +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語還有：in te

40、ars 流著淚，in fact 實(shí)際上，in danger / trouble 在危險(xiǎn)中/麻煩中，in details 詳細(xì)的，7 exactly adv確切地，精確地，not exactly 不完全是，exactly speaking 確切地說，8 proud adj 自豪的，驕傲的，be proud of 為驕傲；感到自豪，名詞是pride 自豪，驕傲，構(gòu)成短語take pride in 為感到自豪，take pride in = be proud of I want my parents to be proud of me . = I want my parents to take pr

41、ide in me . Page 32 1 general（1） adj 普遍的；常規(guī)的；總的，general knowledge 常識(shí)，（2）cn 將軍， in general 通常； 大體上，一般而言，In general ,it was a happy day . 2 introduction n 介紹，make an introduction 做介紹，動(dòng)詞是introduce 介紹， introduce sb to sb 把某人介紹給某人， introduce oneself 介紹自己。 Unit 5 What are the shirts made of ?Page 33 1 cho

42、pstick n 筷子?？曜邮浅呻p的使用，所以它多用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且多用pair表示數(shù)量。一雙筷子 a pair of chopsticks ,兩雙/三雙筷子two / three chopsticks 用筷子吃飯eat with chopsticks.2 coin cn 硬幣，Every coin has two sides.每件事情都有兩面性（利或弊）。3 fork cn 餐叉，叉子，a knife and fork一副刀叉。Americans eat with forks and knives .美國(guó)人用刀叉吃飯。4 blouse cn （女式）短上衣，襯衫，多指女式襯衫，如指男襯衫用shi

43、rt .5 silver un 銀，銀器，adj 銀色的，The ring was made of silver . 這個(gè)戒指是用銀子做的。gold un金子，copper un 銅，steel un鋼 iron 鐵6 glass (!) un 玻璃，The bottle is made of glass。 一塊玻璃 a piece of glass. (2)cn 玻璃杯 two glasses of orange 兩杯橙汁。（3）glasses cn 眼鏡，常用復(fù)數(shù)，a pair of glasses 一副眼鏡，7 be made of ,be made from , be made in

44、, be made by be made up of , be made into 的辨析：（1）be made of 由制成，由制成品可以看出原材料，（2）be made from 由制成，強(qiáng)調(diào)由制成品看不出原材料，The wine is made from coin and rice .這種酒是用玉米和米做成的。 （3）Be made in 產(chǎn)于,是產(chǎn)的，其后接地點(diǎn)名詞，Those cars are made in Hefei .（4） be made by 被做的/造的，by 后跟動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。The cake was made by my sister.（5） Be made up o

45、f 由組成；某物由若干部分構(gòu)成。A year is made up of 12 months一年有12個(gè)月。（6）Be made into .把制成（指把原材料制成成品，是make . into .的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）。Cotton can be made into cloth.棉花可以被制成布。7 cotton un 棉，棉花，The cloth is made of cotton. .8 steel un 鋼鐵，Page 34 1 fair （1）n展覽會(huì)，交易會(huì)，a book fair 書展， at the fair 在交易會(huì)上，have / hold a fair 舉行一次展覽會(huì)/交易會(huì)，（2

46、）n集市，（3） adj 公平的，2 environmental adj 自然環(huán)境的，有關(guān)環(huán)境的，名詞是environment （環(huán)境）。environmental protection環(huán)境保護(hù)，3 grass n草，草地4 leaf cn 葉；葉子。復(fù)數(shù)是leaves The leaves turn yellow in autumn.另外leave 是動(dòng)詞，離開的意思，常用短語leave A for B 離開A地去B 地。5 produce v 生產(chǎn)，This factory produces cars . 這個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)小汽車。Be produced in 產(chǎn)于（某地） 。 This kin

47、d of tea is produced in Hangzhou.。Producer cn 生產(chǎn)商，production un 生產(chǎn)，product cn 產(chǎn)品，制品。The new computer is in production . 新型的電腦正在制造中。6 widely adv 廣泛地，普遍地，是形容詞wide +ly構(gòu)成。Widely used 被廣泛應(yīng)用，widely known 廣為人知，Chinese is widely used in the world,too.漢語也被廣泛地應(yīng)用在世界上。7 For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely

48、 known for their tea. Be known for = be famous for 因而出名，以而聞名。China is known /famous for the Great Wall .Be famous / known as 作為而出名，Mo Yan is known / famous as a writer. Be known to sb 為所知/所了解，The singer is known to us all. 我們都知道這個(gè)歌手。8 as far as I know 據(jù)我所知，后面跟句子時(shí)，用逗號(hào)隔開。Well-known9 by hand 用手，手工，by 是

49、介詞，用來表示方式和手段，意為“通過的方式”。與by hand 類似的短語：by post 郵寄，by telegraph 用電報(bào)，by telephone 用電話，by bike / plane騎自行車/乘飛機(jī)。10 process (1) v 加工；處理，The factory processes tea.這個(gè)工廠加工茶葉。（2） n 過程，in the process of 在的過程中，The bridge is in the process of being built. 大橋正在建設(shè)的過程中。11 pack v 打包，12 It seems that .看來；好像；似乎It seem

50、 +that 從句，表示“似乎；好像；看來”，其中seem 表示“似乎，好像”。That 可以省略，seem 的其他用法，（1）seem +名詞，That seems a good idea.那看起來是個(gè)好主意（2）。Seem +形容詞=seem + to be +形容詞，Your mother seemed (to bo ) quite happy .你媽媽似乎很高興。（3）seem + to do They seemed to know the truth.他們似乎知道真相。（4）Seem like 似乎，好像，It seems like years since we last met.我

51、們似乎好多年沒見了。13 all over the world 全世界。14 be good for .對(duì)有好處，反意詞組是be bad for (對(duì)不利；對(duì)有害)。 Be good to sb = be friendly to sb 對(duì)某人友善，be good at .擅長(zhǎng)be good with 和相處得好，Page 35 1 France n 法國(guó)，F(xiàn)rance is a European country . 法國(guó)是一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家。它的形容詞是French (法語，法國(guó)的) ，F(xiàn)renchman cn法國(guó)人，復(fù)數(shù)是Frenchmen.2 no matter 不論，無論，常與疑問詞連用，表示

52、“無論”。no matter what 無論什么=whatever,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，No matter what I did, they did not like me .3 He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.主語+find +it +adj +that .是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，it 是形式賓語，adj作賓語補(bǔ)足語，真正的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的從句，”it +adj + that .”部分可以轉(zhuǎn) 換為“Its +adj +不定式。”We find it impossib

53、le that we can learn a foreign language well in a short time . = We find its impossible to learn a foreigh language in a short time . 4 local (1)adj 當(dāng)?shù)氐模镜氐?，the local newspaper當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙，（2） cn 當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?，本地人，I know one of the locals.我認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)厝恕? brand cn 品牌；牌子，6 avoid v 避免，回避，后面跟：名詞，動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)名詞，（指避開不希望發(fā)生的，不愿忍受的或不想遇上的

54、事情）。Drivers should be careful to avoid some accidents.司機(jī)們應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎駕駛來避免事故。She avoided meeting her teacher.她避免遇見她的老師。7 ，handbag cn小手提包， mobile adj 可移動(dòng)的，非固定的，mobile phone 移動(dòng)電話。8 everyday adj 每天的，日常的，everyday life 日常生活，everyday job 日常工作，everyday English 日常英語。every day“ 每天”，是副詞短語，9 high-technology products高科技

55、的產(chǎn)品。Page 36 Grammar Focus 語法點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)。概念：英語中有兩種語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 助動(dòng)詞be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞 am ./ is / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞；否定句在am / is / are 后加not ;一般疑問句將am / is / are 放在句首。Many people speak Chinese. 是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)是：Chinese is spoken by many peopl

56、e. 否定句：Chinese is not spoken by many people. 一般疑問句為：Is Chinese spoken by many people.主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的步驟：1 ，把原主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)句子的主語。2 ，把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式：be +過去分詞。這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要隨著新的主語，即原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中的賓語而變；同時(shí)be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子的時(shí)態(tài)一致；be動(dòng)詞后面的過去分詞就是原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中謂語動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。3， 如果需要原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中的主語，就將它的賓格形式放在by的后面，以指明做事的人或物。如果沒有必要

57、，可以省略主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中的主語，即by短語常省略。4 其他的成分（定語，狀語）不變。如：Mr. Black sent me some interesting story books.變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句：Some interesting story books were sent to me by Mr. Black.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法口訣：賓語提前變主語，時(shí)態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵；過去分詞勿變錯(cuò)，原主變賓by 后見。四 ， 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 構(gòu)成。Teenagers should allow to make their own deci

58、sions.變?yōu)椋篢eenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions.五，注意事項(xiàng)1，主動(dòng)語態(tài)含有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）時(shí)，可把表示人的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，也可把表示物的直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，此時(shí)間接賓語前要加介詞for 或to. 如：She often buys me some presents.可變?yōu)椋篒 am often bought some presents by her.和Some presents are often bought for me by her. She often shows me h

59、er photos. 可變?yōu)椋篒 am often showed her photos by her. 和 Her photos are often showed to me by her.2 , 主動(dòng)語態(tài)中含有短語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要把短語動(dòng)詞看作一個(gè)整體，不可以把其中的介詞，副詞省略。He often takes care of his brother on weekends. 變?yōu)镠is brother is often taken care of by him on weekends.3 主動(dòng)語態(tài)中含有：請(qǐng)（please）,聽（hear）,觀（see,watch,notice）,

60、感（feel）,使（make）,讓（let, have）,助（help）,等使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后常接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，需將to 補(bǔ)出來。如：I often make my son watch TV foe half an hour in the evening.變?yōu)镸y son is often made to watch TV for half an hour in the evening.知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 ， boss cn 老板，上司，2， Germany n 德國(guó)，made in Germany 德國(guó)制造，German adj德國(guó)的，德國(guó)人的， cn