1、臺州市2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高二年級期末質(zhì)量評估試題英語本試卷分第卷（選擇題）和第卷（非選擇題）。第卷1至8頁，第卷9至10頁。滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。第卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題紙上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題紙上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2. 5分，滿分25分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該答案涂黑。ACollin was lying on his

2、 back when his sister, Mary, came in. From her red eyes, Collin could tell she felt homesick again.Their family had moved to the Moon nearly four months ago. It still didnt feel like home. The houses were cosy, but outside everything was gray and rocky and lifeless. There was even no weather there a

3、t allno rain or snow or even wind.“I miss everything, even the sound of rain on the roof,” Mary said sadly. “Worst of all, my birthday is in two days, and I dont think Mom and Dad are planning anything special.”Shes probably right, thought Collin. Life on the Moon was busy for scientists like their

4、parents. He doubted if they had time to plan a party. If there was no party, maybe he could give his sister a gift. However, with limited room in their transport ship, each child had been allowed to bring only two toys from the Earth. Where could he find the gift?The next day, as Collin wandered tow

5、ard the agricultural center, he found some bamboo plants, which made good building materials. An idea flashed across his mind. He took a piece of bamboo plants, made tiny holes into it, then poured a handful of Moon cobblestones inside and sealed the open ends.When it was done, Collin hurried home,

6、holding the bamboo piece carefully. On seeing his sister, Collin said, “I have a present for you.” He handed his sister the bamboo stick. “Happy birthday!”“What is it?” Mary asked, looking at it curiously.“A rain stick,” said Collin. “Whenever you turn it over, the Moon cobblestones fall inside and

7、it sounds like rain.”Mary turned the stick, and the room was filled with a sound like rain drumming on a roof.“Its Moon rain!” she said. “It makes me feel like Im home.” She smiled at Collin and turned the rain stick over again.1. According to the text, what do we know about the Moon?A. Life there i

8、s busy.B. Its weather is changeable.C. Living space there is limited.D. Its surroundings are dull.2. Why was the bamboo-made rain stick a delight for Mary?A. It created a rain scene.B. It was her dream birthday gift.C. It alleviated her homesickness.D. It was made of good materials.3. Which of the f

9、ollowing can best describe Collin?A. Curious and careful.B. Caring and skillful.C. Creative and enthusiastic.D. Sensitive and knowledgeable.【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了跟著科學(xué)家父母住在月球上的兄妹二人Collin和Mary，他們對月球的生活并不感到開心，反而想念地球上的家。為了緩解妹妹的思家之苦，并送上生日驚喜，Collin制作了“竹子手杖”，轉(zhuǎn)動起來的時候就像在地球上下雨時，雨水打在屋頂?shù)穆曇?，這使

10、得妹妹很高興?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“The houses were cosy, but outside everything was gray and rocky and lifeless. There was even no weather there at allno rain or snow or even wind.(房子很舒適，但外面一片灰暗，布滿巖石，毫無生氣。那里甚至沒有任何天氣沒有雨，沒有雪，甚至沒有風(fēng)。)”可知，月球上的房子外界環(huán)境毫無生氣，一片灰暗，也沒有任何天氣變化，即，月球上的環(huán)境很沉悶。故選D項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容和末

11、段內(nèi)容“Mary turned the stick, and the room was filled with a sound like rain drumming on a roof. Its Moon rain! she said. It makes me feel like Im home.(瑪麗轉(zhuǎn)動手杖，房間里充滿了雨點(diǎn)敲擊屋頂?shù)穆曇簟！霸虑蛳掠炅? ”她說。 “這讓我有家的感覺?！?”可知，手杖產(chǎn)生的下雨效果讓Mary有了家的感覺，讓她很高興，由此可推知，是因?yàn)槭终犬a(chǎn)生的效果緩解了Mary的思家之情，她才很高興的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容對于Collin的

12、內(nèi)心獨(dú)白的描寫“If there was no party, maybe he could give his sister a gift.(如果沒有生日會，也許他可以給他妹妹一份禮物。)”可知，Collin是很關(guān)心自己的妹妹的，是一個“體貼的”哥哥；文章第五段內(nèi)容“An idea flashed across his mind. He took a piece of bamboo plants, made tiny holes into it, then poured a handful of Moon cobblestones inside and sealed the open ends.

13、(他腦子里閃過一個念頭。他拿了一片竹子，在上面戳了幾個小洞，然后往里面倒了一把月亮鵝卵石，把開口的兩端密封起來。)”則講述了Collin是如何制作竹子手杖的，說明他是一個“巧手”。由此可推知，Collin是一個體貼的，有技術(shù)的哥哥。故選B項(xiàng)。BEvery day, across the United States, there are people sitting in towers more than 100 feet in the air alone, scanning the distance for signs of smoke. They are fire watchers, als

14、o known as our eyes in the sky.What is it like to be a fire watcher? Peter Naumann, a former fire watcher, tells about a typical day. “Id get up at 5:30, eat a quick breakfast, and scan the area for smoke once every hour.” Other duties include reporting to headquarters twice each day, cutting firewo

15、od and so on. Aside from these required routines, a fire watcher should have hobbies and like reading, which helps pass the time.While it might sound like a quiet life to some, at any moment, an adventure could begin. “Rainstorms and thunderstorms were a tough time. I had to be awake all through, lo

16、oking for where the lightning was striking,” says Naumann. Sometimes, fire watchers also need to act as backcountry dispatchers(調(diào)度員). For example, Naumann once aided in the rescue of an injured horse rider.It may seem surprising that the life of a fire watcher is very much the same all these years.

17、Even much of the technology used in the early days is still used today. For example, the Osborne Firefinder is a tool that gives compass headings for fire locations. This tool has been in use for nearly 100 years. Today, fire watchers have the added help of spotter planes, helicopters and satellite

18、imaging.With more and more new technology, why do we still need fire watchers? “Ideally, you should have someone who knows the land features and the weather conditions,” says Naumann. Also, fire watchers are able to see things that satellite imaging cannot, such as the difference between cloud-to-cl

19、oud lightning and ground strikes.So the fire watchers still hike to their posts each fire season. Why? They are our eyes in the sky.4. What do fire watchers do while on duty?A. They read books to pass the time.B. They inspect the area regularly.C. They take on rescue work to seek adventure.D. They c

20、arry out multi-tasks frequently.5. Why is Osborne Firefinder mentioned in paragraph 4?A. To list the added help fire watchers have got.B. To stress the importance of using technology.C. To give an example of how skilled fire watchers are.D. To show the little change in fire detecting technology.6. W

21、hat accounts for the irreplaceable role of fire watchers?A. Technology may fail to perform some tasks.B. Technology has hardly advanced over the years.C. Humans are still needed to report to headquarters.D. Humans are specialists in land features and weather.【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹

22、了天空之眼在美國各地的火災(zāi)警戒員?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Peter Naumann, a former fire watcher, tells about a typical day. “Id get up at 5:30, eat a quick breakfast, and scan the area for smoke once every hour.” Other duties include reporting to headquarters twice each day, cutting firewood and so on.(彼得諾曼曾是一名消防監(jiān)察員，他講述了一個

23、典型的一天。“我五點(diǎn)半起床，很快吃完早餐，每隔一小時掃視一下周圍有沒有煙?！逼渌ぷ靼刻靸纱蔚娇偛繄?bào)到，砍柴等。)”可知，火災(zāi)警戒員值勤時會定期檢查該地區(qū)。故選B。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“It may seem surprising that the life of a fire watcher is very much the same all these years. Even much of the technology used in the early days is still used today. For example, the Osborne Firefin

24、der is a tool that gives compass headings for fire locations. This tool has been in use for nearly 100 years. (讓人驚訝的是，這些年來，火災(zāi)警戒員的生活幾乎沒有什么變化。甚至早期使用的許多技術(shù)今天仍在使用。例如，奧斯本尋火器是一種工具，可以提供火災(zāi)位置的羅盤方向。這種工具已經(jīng)使用了近100年。)”可推斷，提到了奧斯本尋火器為了顯示火災(zāi)探測技術(shù)的變化不大。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Ideally, you should have someone who knows th

25、e land features and the weather conditions,” says Naumann. Also, fire watchers are able to see things that satellite imaging cannot, such as the difference between cloud-to-cloud lightning and ground strikes. (諾曼說：“理想情況下，你應(yīng)該找一個了解地形特征和天氣狀況的人?！贝送猓馂?zāi)觀測者還能看到衛(wèi)星圖像無法看到的東西，比如云與云之間的閃電和地面打擊之間的區(qū)別。)”可推斷，導(dǎo)致了火災(zāi)警戒

26、員不可替代的作用是因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)可能無法完成某些任務(wù)。故選A。CTeens have a reputation for making some not-so-smart decisions and being easily distracted. Researchers have blamed it on the immaturity of the prefrontal cortex(前額葉皮質(zhì)). But scientists now find the answer may be the attraction of rewards. Rewards, even small ones, affect

27、 teens more than adults. And teens tend to be distracted by things they once found rewarding, even after the actual payoff is long gone.Psychologist Zachary Roper and his team worked with two groups of volunteers: 13-to 16-year olds and 20-to 35-year-old adults. During a training stage, a computer d

28、isplayed six circles, each a different color. The players had to find the red or green circle and would be provided with a 10-cent or 2-cent reward. By the end of this training, volunteers had realized the value of each color but they didnt know it. Then came the testing time. Again, groups of six s

29、ymbols, one diamond and five circles, appeared on a computer screen. The researchers measured how long it took people to find the diamond and recorded their answers.When no red or green circles appeared, both adults and teens responded quickly. But when a red or green circle showed up, both groups t

30、ook a bit longer initially. Adults, though, quickly stopped paying attention to the red or green circles. Teens took longer to respond whenever a red or green circle appeared. Clearly, the red and green circles were distracting teens even though they brought no reward.“The study demonstrates that th

31、e attention of adolescents is especially drawn to rewarding information,” says Zachary Roper. “These data may help explain why teens engage in risky behaviors.”Some behaviors, such as texting or using social media, start the brains reward system. Once the teenage brain has linked a behavior to that

32、reward, it continues to seek it again and again. Thats why teens are likely to use social media when they should be studying. Or why they respond to texts while driving. So researchers suggest physically removing distractions whenever possible.7. Why do teens tend to make some not-so-smart decisions

33、?A. The appeal of rewards affects their decision making.B. Their skills to respond wisely have not been well trained.C. Their prefrontal cortexes have been improperly developed.D. The tendency to keep doing things prevents them thinking clearly.8. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in parag

34、raph 2?A. The red or green circle.B. The end of the training.C. The value of each color.D. The awareness of the color value.9. What can we learn from the study conducted by Zachary Roper and his team?A. Adults were not affected by the red or green circles at all.B. Teens were attracted by the red or

35、 green circles because of the high rewards.C. Teens were distracted by the rewarding information even after the reward was gone.D. Adults were drawn to the rewarding information only after they were tested repeatedly.10. What can be a suitable title for the text?A The Brain Response SystemB. The Eff

36、ects of RewardsC. The Distracted Teenage BrainD. The Harm of Risky Behaviors【答案】7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究，研究結(jié)果顯示了獎賞的吸引力會讓年輕人看起來容易沖動、容易分心。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Teens have a reputation for making some not-so-smart decisions and being easily distracted. Researchers have blamed

37、 it on the immaturity of the prefrontal cortex(前額葉皮質(zhì)). But scientists now find the answer may be the attraction of rewards. Rewards, even small ones, affect teens more than adults.(青少年以做出一些不那么明智的決定和容易分心而聞名。研究人員將其歸咎于前額皮質(zhì)的不成熟。但科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)，答案可能是獎賞的吸引力。獎勵，即使是很小的獎勵，對青少年的影響也比成年人大。)”可知，青少年傾向于做出一些不那么明智的決定，是因?yàn)楠?/p>

38、勵的吸引力會影響他們的決策。故選A。【8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前半句“By the end of this training, volunteers had realized the value of each color (在訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時，志愿者已經(jīng)意識到每種顏色的價值)”和轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知，這些志愿者自己并不知道顏色價值的意識。所以it代指前半句中的“The awareness of the color value( 對顏色價值的意識)”。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“And teens tend to be distracted by things they once

39、 found rewarding, even after the actual payoff is long gone. (青少年往往會被他們曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為有回報(bào)的事情分心，即使在實(shí)際回報(bào)早已不復(fù)存在之后。)”和第三段“Clearly, the red and green circles were distracting teens even though they brought no reward.(很明顯，紅色和綠色的圓圈會分散青少年的注意力，盡管它們沒有帶來任何獎勵。)”可知，即使在獎勵消失后，青少年也會被獎勵信息分散注意力。故選C?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Teens have

40、 a reputation for making some not-so-smart decisions and being easily distracted. Researchers have blamed it on the immaturity of the prefrontal cortex(前額葉皮質(zhì)). But scientists now find the answer may be the attraction of rewards. (青少年以做出一些不那么明智的決定和容易分心而聞名。研究人員將其歸咎于前額皮質(zhì)的不成熟。但科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)，答案可能是獎賞的吸引力。)”及全文

41、可知，文章主要介紹了研究人員進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究，研究結(jié)果顯示了獎賞的吸引力會讓年輕人看起來容易沖動、容易分心。所以“The Distracted Teenage Brain(分心的青少年大腦)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Everyone feels anxious or nervous at times. Feelings like these can surface when you face a challenge. _11_ You might feel anxio

42、us when its your turn to speak in class. These feelings can be uncomfortable, but you can manage with the help of the following tips.Start with a growth mindset (思想傾向).Some people have a fixed mindset. They might think, “This is how I am. I get anxious before speaking in class. So I dont raise my ha

43、nd.” With a fixed mindset, people dont think things can change. But people with a growth mindset know they can get better at just about everything with effort and practice. _12_Notice what anxiety feels like for you.Get to know the body feelings that are part of anxiety. When youre anxious, do you f

44、eel “butterflies”? Shaky hands? A faster heartbeat? Know that these feelings are part of the bodys normal response to a challenge. _13_ Next time they happen, try to notice the feelings without getting upset. Accept them and let them be there._14_When youre anxious, its common to tell yourself thing

45、s like, “I cant do this.” Or “What if I mess this up?” Instead, tell yourself something that could help you face the moment with a bit of courage, “Its OK to feel anxious. I can do this anyway.” Its facing the anxiety that helps you manage it. This is called exposure.Learning to cope with anxiety ta

46、kes time and patience. Most of all, it takes practice and willingness to face it. It starts with one small step. _15_A. Give it all of your attention.B. That includes dealing with anxiety.C. Talk yourself through anxiety and face it.D. Theyre not harmful and they fade on their own.E. It can help you

47、 “reset” and be ready to move forward.F. For example, you might feel nervous before taking big exams.G. The more you practice, the better youll get at managing anxiety.【答案】11. F 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。從三個方面就如何應(yīng)對緊張焦慮提供一些建議?！?1題詳解】上文“Feelings like these can surface when you face a cha

48、llenge.(當(dāng)你面臨挑戰(zhàn)時，像這樣的感受會浮現(xiàn)) ”空格處是對面臨挑戰(zhàn)的進(jìn)一步舉例說明。F選項(xiàng)中的“before taking exams”和“face a challenge”一致。是對上文的進(jìn)一步解釋說明。故選F。【12題詳解】上文“But people with a growth mindset know they can get better at just about everything with effort and practice. (但是那些有成長思維方式的人知道他們可以做好一切，只要肯努力和練習(xí))”B選項(xiàng)中的that指代上文的“can get better at ju

49、st about everything with effort and practice.”這一切事情也包括應(yīng)對焦慮這件事。故選B?！?3題詳解】上文“Know that these feelings are part of the bodys normal response to a challenge.(知道那些感受是你的身體應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的正常反應(yīng)。)”和D選項(xiàng)中的They前后一致，they指代上文的“these feelings”這些感受是正常反應(yīng)是沒有害處的。故選D?！?4題詳解】下文“Instead, tell yourself something that could help you

50、 face the moment with a bit of courage. Its facing the anxiety that helps you manage it.(反而要告訴你自己勇敢些能幫你面對這一瞬間.正是面對焦慮才能幫你應(yīng)對它。)”此空為小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文可知本段在表達(dá)要面對焦慮。C選項(xiàng)中的face it和下文的要面對它保持一致。故選C?！?5題詳解】上文“Most of all, it takes practice and willingness to face it. It starts with one small step.(最重要的是，它需要練習(xí)以及愿意面對它。)”

51、G選項(xiàng)的“ The more you practice”練習(xí)的越多，越能戰(zhàn)勝焦慮，和上文保持一致。故選G。第三部分 語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。I was at a grocery store trying to pick up some groceries for me and my family. The big store seemed even more _16_ than usual that day. When Id _1

52、7_ got everything on my list, I saw the _18_ long lines at the cashiers. The store had _19_ cashiers more and more lately. Most of their _20_ were working as personal shoppers(私人購物助理) now for people _21_ orders and picking them up. I didnt _22_ that so much but I did wish they had kept more people w

53、orking the check-out lines _23_ forcing most shoppers to use the self check-out area. It saved them money but _24_ the stress of shopping in the store.I pushed my cart over to the self check-out section. There was _25_ a wait here too. I stopped behind a lady, who had her _26_ bags laid out on the m

54、etal table. She tried to put them all in her cart quickly and _27_ for making me wait. I said not to hurry and it wasnt her _28_ that it was so crowded. As she pushed her cart away, however, I _29_ she had left one bag of groceries behind. I quickly _30_ it and chased after her. When I caught up, sh

55、e said, “Thank you so much! God bless you!”As I returned to my cart, something was _31_. I felt blessed and was no longer _32_. Her words had brought _33_ to my heart and a smile to my face. With the simple act of kindness, I brought joy to the two of us _34_ meantime I healed(治愈) my heart. May our

56、life be full of love, kindness, and _35_ always.16. A. complexB. comfortableC. convenientD. crowded17. A. finallyB. actuallyC. graduallyD. instantly18. A. amazingB. frustratingC. panickingD. thrilling19. A. cared forB. cut back onC. depended onD. put up with20. A. guardsB. customersC. employeesD. ma

57、nagers21. A. obeyingB. givingC. placingD. receiving22. A. acceptB. banC. encourageD. mind23 A. instead ofB. due toC. in spite ofD. in addition to24. A. added toB. called forC. brought downD. took in25. A. onceB. neverC. everD. even26. A. emptyB. fullC. newD. old27. A. assistedB. explainedC. apologiz

58、edD. greeted28. A. faultB. ideaC. problemD. wish29. A. mentionedB. noticedC. provedD. sensed30. A. checkedB. fastenedC. grabbedD. packed31. A. differentB. familiarC. strangeD. similar32. A. lonelyB. puzzledC. stressedD. worried33. A. beliefB. courageC. desireD. peace34. A. soB. andC. orD. but35. A.

59、chancesB. dreamsC. changesD. blessings【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在超市買東西使用自助購物區(qū)結(jié)賬時，幫助另外一名顧客拿上她忘記的東西，這樣充滿愛的互動讓作者感觸頗深?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那天那家大商店似乎比平常還要擁擠。A. complex復(fù)雜的；B. comfortable舒

60、適的；C. convenient便利的；D. crowded擁擠的。后文提到“ long lines at the cashiers. ”（收銀處長長的隊(duì)伍），由此判斷，作者去的那天顧客非常多，非常擁擠。故選D。【17題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我終于把清單上的所有東西都買齊時，我看到收銀臺前排起了令人沮喪的長隊(duì)。A. finally最終；B. actually事實(shí)上；C. gradually逐漸；D. instantly立即。分析文章可知，后文提到“ got everything on my list”（買齊了清單上的所有東西），由此判斷作者經(jīng)過了一番選購后，終于把要買的東西全都買好了