1、淺談英語長句的翻譯第1頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四On August 1, the gunboat began her mission, which was, in the eyes of the defenders, a provocative act and seemed to be part of the overall assault which had begun on July 31.分析：這個句子是由一個主句和兩個定語從句組成的?！癘n August 1, the gunboat began her mission”是主句，也是全句的中心內(nèi)容。主句后

2、面是一個非限制性定語從句，其中又包含一個限制性定語從句。這個限制性定語從句比較短，所以在譯文中可以放在被修飾語“the overall assault”之前。全句共有三層意思：（1）炮艦8月1日開始執(zhí)行任務(wù)；（2）在防御者看來這是一次挑釁；（3）炮艦8月1日開始執(zhí)行任務(wù)這件事情似乎是7月31日開始的全面攻擊的一個組成部分。原文所表達的邏輯關(guān)系、敘述順序與漢語趨于一致，因此可按順譯法來翻譯。譯文：炮艦于8月1日開始執(zhí)行任務(wù)。在防御者的眼里，這是一次挑釁，而且似乎是7月31日發(fā)動的全面攻擊的一個組成部分。第2頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四其它例子：In Africa I

3、 met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.譯文：在非洲，我遇到了一個男孩，他哭得心都快碎了。我問他的時候，他說他很餓，因為他已經(jīng)兩天沒吃東西了。As I got better, I began to add tricks, tossing the balls so that one went over the top of the others, or u

4、nder the others, or I bounced one off my head or elbow and still kept the pattern going.譯文：隨著我技術(shù)的進步，我開始加上花樣：拋球時讓一個球經(jīng)過其他球的上方，或者其他球的下方；或者我讓一個球彈在我的頭上或者臂肘上，并繼續(xù)按原來的方式拋球。Then five years later, when I was 21, my mother called me aside one day during the Christmas season and said, “Dan, how would you like t

5、o juggle for the Salvation Army dinner this year?”譯文：五年之后，當(dāng)我21歲時，母親在圣誕節(jié)期間的一天，把我叫到一邊說：“丹，你愿不愿給救世軍的聚餐會表演雜耍？”第3頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四二、倒譯法有些英語長句的表達次序與漢語不同，甚至完全相反。這時，我們就該逆著原文的順序翻譯。Is it our sound and considered judgement that the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown a

6、side, as suggested by some educators, for doll-playing?分析：這個句子的真正主語是“the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown aside, as suggested by some educators, for doll-playing”，it只是一個形式主語。原文采用主語從句的目的是為了避免頭重腳輕。很明顯，漢語中不存在這類句子結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，這句話我們應(yīng)該逆著原句的順序，先翻主語從句，再譯主句內(nèi)容。譯文：正如某些教育學(xué)家所建議的那樣，將難懂的古

7、典文學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)棄之一邊，把時間和精力花在一些相對來說比較容易學(xué)的科目上，這難道是我們經(jīng)過反復(fù)地思考而得出來的正確判斷嗎？第4頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四其它例子：And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girl friend had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.譯文：他出身在這類人當(dāng)中，他出身在這種地方，他有這樣的母親，這些

8、要是讓他的女朋友知道了，他明白那將會多么得令人難堪。Or there are murder dinner parties, at which groups of friends get together to solve a crime over the dinner table, using specially prepared information about their character and their whereabouts.譯文：或者舉辦“謀殺案偵破晚宴”：一群朋友在一起，在餐桌上利用預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備好的關(guān)于人物性格和行蹤的線索破解一樁案件。Forty-five minutes la

9、ter I ended the performance with my final word of advice to the children: “If you want to succeed, at juggling or anything else, you have to keep trying. You can do it. Just never give up.”譯文：45分鐘以后，我給了孩子們一句忠告，作為節(jié)目的結(jié)束語：“不論是雜耍還是別的，如果你們想成功，就必須不斷地努力。你們能做到，只是永遠(yuǎn)不能放棄?！钡?頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四三、分譯法當(dāng)

10、英語長句中的各個成分在意義上聯(lián)系并不十分密切時，我們可按漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣，將原文中的短語或從句翻譯成漢語獨立的句子。有時為了使語義連貫，還得在譯文中加上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語。Feedback, which one-way communication like the printed page fails to provide, makes learning easy and, in the case of motor skills, is essential.分析：這句話的主句是“Feedback makes learning easy and, in the case of motor skills

11、, is essential”，其中“makes learning easy”和“in the case of motor skills, is essential”是兩個并列的謂語。另外，主句當(dāng)中還含有一個非限制性定語從句which one-way communication like the printed page fails to provide。全句共有三層意思：（1）反饋能方便學(xué)習(xí)；（2）像印刷品之類的單向信息傳遞沒有反饋；（3）在學(xué)習(xí)駕駛摩托車技術(shù)的過程中，反饋必不可少。這三層意思都具有相對的獨立性，因此在翻譯的時候，我們可將原文拆開來分別敘述。譯文：反饋能方便學(xué)習(xí)，而像印刷品之

12、類的單向信息傳遞就沒有反饋。在學(xué)習(xí)駕駛摩托車技術(shù)的過程中，反饋必不可少。 第6頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四其它例子：A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet bodys need

13、s but also to produce milk for her fawns.譯文：一只成熟的、狀態(tài)良好的母鹿會在11月份懷胎，并于5月底或6月初生下兩只幼鹿。之后，她必須去尋找食物以獲得必要的能量。這不僅是為了滿足她自身的需要，而且也是為了滿足喂奶給幼鹿喝的需要。I like the somewhat mild story of a school teacher and a principal of a high school who are concerned because some boys and girls have been seen kissing on the schoo

14、l playground.譯文：我喜歡那個關(guān)于一位中學(xué)教師和校長因看見學(xué)生在學(xué)校操場上接吻而感到擔(dān)心的故事。故事并不過火。As one who has enjoyed humor since I first recognized it, Ive made an attempt to explain and discuss humor with students in such diverse cultures as Latin America and China.譯文：我是第一次辨識出幽默便喜歡上了它的人，因此我曾試圖跟學(xué)生議論和探討幽默。這些學(xué)生文化差異很大，有來自拉丁美洲的，也有來自中國的

15、。第7頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四四、綜合法有時，英語長句的翻譯單用一種方法解決不了問題。這時，我們就應(yīng)該仔細(xì)推敲，綜合利用各種行之有效的翻譯技巧。New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past giving rise to new standards of elegance. 分析：此句先拆譯方式狀語從句as they have in the past，并將其譯文放于句首。在處理“New forms

16、 of thought as well as new subjects for thought”和“must arise in the future”時，我們應(yīng)該逆著原文的順序翻譯。至于全句后半部分的現(xiàn)在分詞短語giving rise to new standards of elegance，只要按照原句的次序?qū)⑵渥詈笞g出就可以了。譯文：同過去一樣，今后必然會出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象，并給予典雅以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第8頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四其它例子：Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life

17、 becomes possible only when food is converted into energy which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.譯文：能量在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中充當(dāng)貨幣的職能。只有當(dāng)食物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟芰?，并利用能量來獲取更多的食物以供生長、繁殖和生存時，生命才有可能誕生。Letters still get sent to “221b Baker Street, London ”, home of Sherlock Holmes, perhaps the most fam

18、ous fictional detective of all, asking for his help in solving a variety of mysteries.譯文：所有小說里最有名的偵探也許是舍洛克福爾摩斯，他的住所是“倫敦貝克街221b號”。現(xiàn)在仍有信件寄到那里，要求他幫忙解決各種各樣的謎案。On my first job as sports editor for the Montpelier (Ohio) Leader Enterprise, I didnt get a lot of fan mail, so I was intrigued by a letter that

19、was dropped on my desk one morning.譯文：我體育編輯， 是為蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州）的企業(yè)導(dǎo)報工作，當(dāng)時我很少收到體育迷的來信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封來信把我吸引住了。第9頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四1 When Grandma left her chair, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, flashing her Lab smile from sparkling brown eyes which clearly said, “I fooled you again.” 2

20、 Because of this English background of civil conflict, English-speaking America, where there was no religious war, as such, is often described as a land of refuge to which men and women came in order t enjoy the religious and political freedom denied them in their homeland. 3 Such is human nature in

21、 the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 第10頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四When Grandma left her chair, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, flashing her Lab smile from sparkling brown eyes which clearly said

22、, “I fooled you again.” 順譯法譯文：外祖母從椅子上一起身，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，從它那閃亮的棕色眼睛里掠過一絲拉布拉多式的微笑，無疑是在說：“你又上了我的當(dāng)。”Because of this English background of civil conflict, English-speaking America, where there was no religious war, as such, is often described as a land of refuge to which men and women came in order t enjoy

23、 the religious and political freedom denied them in their homeland. 順譯法譯文：因為英國存在著內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，在這種背景下，美洲這個講英語、又沒有發(fā)生過宗教戰(zhàn)爭的大陸，常常被描述成流亡的樂土。人們?yōu)榱俗非笤诒緡粍儕Z的宗教自由和政治自由而紛紛來到這片土地上。Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar

24、 workers. 倒譯法譯文：許多人常常寧愿犧牲比較高的工資來換取白領(lǐng)工人的社會地位，這在西方倒是人之常情。第11頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四4 It is reasonable to say that the truly humorous individual is not only well liked, but is often the focus of attention in any gathering. 5 First is the SETUP (or setting), next is the BODY (or story line), and t

25、hese are followed by the PUNCH LINE (an unexpected or surprise ending) which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor. 第12頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四It is reasonable to say that the truly humorous individual is not only well liked, but is often the focus of attention in any gathering. 倒譯

26、法譯文：一個真正有幽默感的人不僅受人喜愛，而且在任何聚會上也往往是人們注意的焦點，這么說有一定的道理。First is the SETUP (or setting), next is the BODY (or story line), and these are followed by the PUNCH LINE (an unexpected or surprise ending) which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor. 綜合法譯文：第一部分是鋪墊（即背景），接下來是主干部分（即故事情節(jié)），隨后便是妙語（即一個出人意

27、料或令人驚訝地結(jié)尾）。如果這個妙語含有一定的幽默成分，這個笑話便會很有趣。第13頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四作業(yè)1 On the other hand, making telephone calls is much faster, so they are more appropriate when you need a quick reply.2 Some of the best letters are written in a burst of inspiration, so keep your writing stuff in one place where

28、you can sit down for a few minutes and write a quick note to a friend.3 Sometimes you cannot remember all the comments that are made because calls are transient, and cannot be kept for reading later like treasured letters.4 What would make so many adults hold on to pieces of paper they had received

29、years before as kids, some of them carrying those pages with them everywhere they went? The answer is appreciation.5 Give others recognition at every opportunity because it will build them up and motivate them. And it will make you a person of significant influence in their lives.第14頁，共16頁，2022年，5月20日，11點44分，星期四On the other hand, making telephone calls is much faster, so they are more appropriate when you need a quick reply.譯文：另一方面，打電話更快捷，所以當(dāng)你需要很快得到一個答復(fù)時，電話更合適