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1、八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第8單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)語法短語總結(jié)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第8單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)語法短語總結(jié)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第8單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)語法短語總結(jié)V:1.0精細(xì)整理,僅供參考 八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第8單元重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)語法短語總結(jié)日期:20 xx年X月Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?教學(xué)重點(diǎn): 可數(shù)名詞/ 不可數(shù)名詞 祈使句1、Turn on the blender.1)turn on 打開(電器等) 反義詞:turn off關(guān)上(電器等)。2)turn up(音量調(diào)大,調(diào)高) turn down (把音量調(diào)小,調(diào)低) turn in 上交 (試卷等)turn into 使成為,
2、翻譯成 turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向 in turn 依次地 by turn 輪流地3)辨析:turn on/openturn on表示打開(電燈,自來水開關(guān),煤氣,無線電等) 注意代詞放中間:turn it onopen 表示敞開,展開,使;露在外面。open the window2、Cut up the bananas. (banana 名詞賓語)將香蕉切成塊。1)cut up 切碎后跟代詞賓語時(shí)應(yīng)該放在cut和up的中間,接名詞賓語時(shí)放在后面eg:cup it up2)cutin two/half 把切成兩半 cut down 砍到 cutinto pieces 把切成碎塊=cut upeg:c
3、ut it down3、Pour the milk into the blender.把牛奶倒進(jìn)果汁機(jī)里。1)pourinto把倒進(jìn)里=putin:那放進(jìn)里去 pour out 大量涌出 pour sb. Sth. = pour sth for sb.4.Put the bananas into the blender.putinto還有“把譯成”的意思。Eg:Put the sentence into English ,please.put詞組:put away把收起來放好 put on 穿上 put off 推遲,延期 put out 熄滅 put down 放下 put up 建造,掛起
4、,舉起 puton把放在上Lets make fruit salad.A.Let sb.do sth. 讓某人做某事 后面省略to 的不定式一感(feel) 二聽(hear. Listen)三讓(let /have/ make)四看(see / look/ watch/ notice)動(dòng)詞后面再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)有三種情況:一種是to do,另一種是doing,還有一種是do。后面接to do動(dòng)詞還有ask,want,hope等。 Ask sb . to do sth.叫某人做某事 Hope sb. To do sth.希望某人做某事句型B.1)祈使句的反意疑問部分為肯定形式,要用shall,will
5、。如:Pass me the book,will you?2)Lets表示第一人稱的祈使句,反意疑問句為“Shall we?”。如:Lets go for a walk,shall we?3)Let me和Let us 表示第二人稱的祈使句,反意疑問句為“will you?”。如:Let us go for a walk,will you?4)其它行為動(dòng)詞引起的祈使句,無論其陳述部分是否定還是肯定的祈使句,多用“will you?”,表一種客氣的語氣。如:Listen to me,will you?Dont tell anyone about it,will you?但在肯定的祈使句后有時(shí)也用
6、“wont you?”表“提醒對(duì)方注意”或表“邀請(qǐng)”。如:Have a cup of coffee,wont you?Come in and take a seat,wont youwill you?How many bananas do we need?Need 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 need to do sth./ dont need to do sth. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 need do sth./ neednt do sth. Need doing = need to be done.We need one cup of yogurt.復(fù)習(xí)量詞: a cup of / a glass of .plate
7、bowl box carton can spoon pairFinally, dont forget to add some salt.forget to do sth. 忘記(去)做某事 (還沒有發(fā)生) forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(已經(jīng)發(fā)生了)Eg:Dont forget to close the windows. 不要忘記關(guān)上窗戶add. to / into. 把.加進(jìn)去add up (to) 加起來 Grammar-3c1、How do you make a banana milk shake 你是怎么樣制作香蕉奶昔的1)就做某事的方法,方式,途徑及動(dòng)作程度等進(jìn)行Ho
8、w to plant a tree 疑問詞+ 不定式,可在句子中作主語,賓語,表語When to start is a problemmake: 制作。 make sb. sth=make sth for sb.為某人做什么2.First Next Then Finally首先接下來然后最后3、How many bananas do we need/How much yogurt do we need1)How many 多少(可數(shù)名詞) How much 多少(不可數(shù)名詞)/多少錢 Section B 1a1eDo you like in sandwiches?你喜歡三明治里加嗎?可數(shù)名詞變
9、化規(guī)則(略 見語法部分)不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞不能直接用數(shù)詞來修飾,表示不可數(shù)名詞的量時(shí),要用“數(shù)詞+計(jì)量名詞 + of + 不可數(shù)名詞”。如:a cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶,two teaspoons of salt 兩茶匙鹽。B.in sandwiches 夾心面包片 2a-2eThese days , most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. by + Ving 表示通過. 憑.by + 交通工具by+ 時(shí)間 到
10、.為止2.First,mix together some bread pieces , onions , salt and pepper.a、mix up 混合在一起Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix. be filled with = be full of Then, put the turkey in a hot oven and cook it for a few hours.a. few/a few+可數(shù)名詞 little/a little+不可數(shù)名詞 lots of/some/any+可數(shù)名詞也可以加不可數(shù)名詞 When it is r
11、eady, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.Place V. 放置be covered with . 用. 把. 覆蓋 3 a - self check You can also have other things like fish and different vegetables.A.some用在疑問句中表示“禮貌的詢問/請(qǐng)求”。當(dāng)any表示任何一個(gè)的時(shí)候用于肯定句中。當(dāng)表示希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答或者是一種禮貌的要求時(shí),疑問句中也要用someB.泛指另一個(gè)用another Eg:I need another
12、 apple, please.(無范圍,任意一個(gè)蘋果 ) 范圍是兩人,一個(gè)用one,另一個(gè)用the otherEg:I have two good friends one is you, the other is Bob.(表示好朋友的范圍內(nèi)兩個(gè)人)one/some the others 一個(gè)/些另一部分 三者以上(有范圍) eg: Its lunch break time. Some students are in the classroom, the others are in the playground. (有范圍,指某個(gè)班的學(xué)生)some others 一些另一些 三者以上(無范圍)
13、eg:Students all like sports. Some like basketball, others like football. (無范圍,所指不明確)一定范圍內(nèi)三者,一個(gè)用one,另一個(gè)用one (another),第三個(gè)可用a third one ,the other one.Eg:There are three families in my family, one is my mother another is my father and a third one is me. Its time to enjoy the rice noodles!Its time for
14、sth.Its time for sb. to do sth. 對(duì)某人來說,該.是的時(shí)候本單元重點(diǎn)詞組make a banana milk shake Peel the bananasCut up Turn onPour. intoPut . into One cup of yogurt After that Cook for another 10 minutes One one thingPlant a treeTake out a book from the libraryA piece of bread In most countriesTraditional food On speci
15、al holidaysAt this time Forget to do sth. In the next autumuThese days The main dish fill . withCover . withCut. into pieces At a very high temperature One by one 本單元語法:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 EQ oac(,1)名詞根據(jù)其可數(shù)性可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞??蓴?shù)名詞即指可以分為個(gè)體,且可直接用數(shù)目進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞,如 desk(課桌),girl(女孩)等;不可數(shù)名詞即指不可數(shù)分為個(gè)體,且不可直接用數(shù)目進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)的名詞,如 milk(牛
16、奶),information(消息),money(錢)等。 EQ oac(,2)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí),前面要用不定冠詞a(an),表示特指時(shí),前面要用定冠詞the; 而不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a(an)修飾,表示特指時(shí),前面一定要用定冠詞the。如: He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。 No one can see air. 沒有人能看見空氣。 EQ oac(,3)可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)可用many,few, a few等詞修飾。如: many apples,a lot of tomatoes,a few pens 不可數(shù)名詞則要用much、a little等詞修飾。如
17、: much meat,a little bread,little water可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等來修飾,表示一些,許多。如: There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。 There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有許多水。 EQ oac(,4)可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。如:two apples, four books等。 不可數(shù)名詞前通常用單位詞+of來表示數(shù)量。如: a piece of paper, three pi
18、eces of paper等。 EQ oac(,5)可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如: This picture is very beautiful. 這幅畫很美。 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,但是不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)單位詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有兩杯茶。 EQ oac(,6)對(duì)可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how many; 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。如: How many apples are there in the box盒子里有多少個(gè)蘋果
19、 How much tea is there in the cup杯里有多少茶水 注意:對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前的單位詞的修飾語提問時(shí),疑問詞用how many。 如: How many pieces of bread are there on the plate盤子里有多少片面包【辨析】 有的名詞既可用作可數(shù)名詞,也可用作不可數(shù)名詞,只是含義不同:room 表示“房間”時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞,但表示“空間”、“余地”時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞。A:Would you like a cake 要吃塊蛋糕嗎 B:No, I dont like cake. 不吃,我不喜歡吃蛋糕。 以上第一句用 a cake,這是把 cake
20、 視為一塊一塊的“蛋糕”,所以它是可數(shù)的; 而第二句只用 cake,這是把它當(dāng)作物質(zhì)名詞看待, 所以它成了不可數(shù)名詞。3)又如,tea(茶)作為物質(zhì)名詞,它是不可數(shù)的,但它若表示“一份茶”或“一種茶”,則是可數(shù)的,如可說 Its a good tea(那是一種好茶),Two teas, please(請(qǐng)來兩份茶)。4)像fish,turkey,chicken,duck等指動(dòng)物時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞,指“肉”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。5)hair指一個(gè)人頭上的全部頭發(fā)時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞;如果指某一根頭發(fā)時(shí),就是可數(shù)的。例如:Her hair is black.Whenever she finds a white ha
21、ir ,she pulls it out.她的頭發(fā)是黑的。她只要發(fā)現(xiàn)一根白發(fā)就將它拔掉。附可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則1)一般規(guī)則變化情況 :情況 構(gòu)成方法 讀音 例詞 一般情況下 加-s 1.清輔音后讀/s/; map-maps 2.濁輔音和元音后讀 /z/; bag-bags car-cars以s,x,sh,ch,結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses以ce,se,ze, 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licensesge等結(jié)尾的詞 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby-babies2)部分規(guī)則變化情況:以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,或元音字母+y
22、結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),直接加s變復(fù)數(shù): 如:two Marys the Henrys monkeymonkeysholidayholidays以o 結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):加s,如: photophotospianopianos radioradioszoozoos;加es,(黑人英雄愛吃西紅柿和土豆)如:potatopotatoestomatotomatoes均可,如:zerozeros / zeroes以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):a) 加s,如: beliefbeliefs(信念)roofroofs(屋頂)b)去f,fe 加ves,如:halfhalves knifeknivesleafl
23、eaveswolfwolves wifewiveslifelivesthiefthieves;c)均可,如:handkerchief(手帕): handkerchiefs / handkerchieves scarf(圍巾): scarfs/scarves3)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化:(1)childchildrenfootfeettoothteeth mousemicemanmen womanwomen注意:與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women.如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Ge
24、rmans. Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans. man和woman作定語變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),它們也變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如:two women teachers(2)單復(fù)同形如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese 但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters(3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但視為復(fù)數(shù)。如: people,police等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people,a police,但可以說 a person,a policeman, the English,t
25、he British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用。如: The Chinese are industries and brave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。(4)以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如: a. maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。 b. news 是不可數(shù)名詞。 c. the United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945
26、年組建起來的。 d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報(bào)紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.(5)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses, trousers,clothes, pants,scissors(剪刀),etc若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚,greens青菜,arms
27、武器,works著作中考鏈接( ) 1. Its time for us to listen to the news. Would you please the radio?A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down( ) 2. those lights, please. Dont use so much energy(能源). A. Take off B. Put on C. Turn off D. Turn onHow many bananas do we need?We need three bananas.How much yogurt do we need
28、?We need one cup of yogurt.( ) 3. milk do you want?Three bottles, please. A. How much B. How many C. What( ) 4. Do you know how many a horse has and how many a bee has? Of course, I know. A. teeth; feet B. tooth; foot C. foot; teeth D. teeth; foot( ) 5. How much tea do you need, Mr. Zhang?. A. Two cups tea B. Two cup of teas C. Two cups of tea( ) 6. There a lot of rain in the area in August every year. A. is B. was C. are D. were從括號(hào)中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯完成句子。1. How (ma
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