1、住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題Each morning the priest spent an hour in quiet contemplation.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.intuitionB.reflectionC.meditationD.perception【答案】C【解析】句意： 牧師每天早晨花一個(gè)小時(shí)靜靜地沉思。contemplation意為“沉思”。intuition 直覺(jué)；reflection 映像，反射；meditation 冥想，沉思，靜坐；perc

2、eption 洞察力，看法。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。2.單選題It has been ten years since I （ ）you last.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.seeB.sawC.didnt seeD.havent seen【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)last可知這里應(yīng)該為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，排除選項(xiàng)A和D；根據(jù)句意可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：自從我上次見(jiàn)你到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有十年了。3.單選題The amount of open space has （ ）as more and more land is developed.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.dominatedB.dwindledC.dispersedD.disseminat

3、ed【答案】B【解析】dominate控制，支配，占優(yōu)勢(shì)；dwindle減少，變小；disperse 分散，傳播；disseminate散布，傳播。句意：隨著越來(lái)越多的土地被開(kāi)發(fā)，開(kāi)放空間的數(shù)量減少了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。4.翻譯題人們對(duì)金錢有各自的看法。有的人喜歡錢是因?yàn)殄X能為他們買到東西，另一些人則把它看作安全的保障。有的人擔(dān)心自己永遠(yuǎn)掙不到足夠的錢，另一些人則不喜歡有太多的錢。人們對(duì)于錢的態(tài)度取決于許多方面：在什么樣的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大，習(xí)慣于擁有多少錢，是為錢而努力工作還是為喜歡的工作而掙錢。甚至人們對(duì)生活的信念也影響對(duì)金錢的看法。對(duì)于金錢的態(tài)度沒(méi)有正確和錯(cuò)誤之分，每種態(tài)度都自有其合理之處?！敬鸢?/p>

4、】People have their own views on money. Some people like money because money can buy things for them, while others treat it as a security guarantee. Some people worry that they will never earn enough money, while others would not like to have too much money. Peoples attitude towards money depends on

5、many aspects such as in what kind of environment you grow up, how much money you are used to obtaining, and you work hard for making money or make money just because you love the job. Even the faith of peoples life also affects the view on money. There is no right or wrong attitude towards money, an

6、d each attitude has its own reasonable point.5.單選題Tool makers must have the ability to work very （ ）in order to meet exact specifications.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.plausiblyB.profoundlyC.preciselyD.primarily【答案】C【解析】plausibly 似真地；profoundly深刻地，極度地；precisely 精確地，恰好；primarily 主要地，根本上。句意：工具制造者必須能非常精確地工作，以滿足準(zhǔn)確的規(guī)格要求。根據(jù)下文可知

7、，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。6.單選題The teacher blamed his students for playing pranks in the classroom.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.tricksB.nudesC.cribsD.quips【答案】A【解析】句意：老師責(zé)備他的學(xué)生在教室里搞惡作劇。pranks指“惡作劇”。tricks 詭計(jì)，騙局；nudes肉色針織物；cribs嬰兒床，柵欄；quips妙語(yǔ)，諷刺語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。7.單選題I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am

8、so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes, it is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was

9、 selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness. I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends

10、and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for ribbons, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said Beautiful. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laoti

11、an very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is

12、done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of barga

13、ining. We shook our heads in disagreement over theprice; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enou

14、gh money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almos

15、t felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace, I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I have learned to defend myself agai

16、nst what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them

17、 again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no def

18、ense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace（ ）.2.Which of the following in NOT correct?3.The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because

19、woman （ ）.4.Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?5.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but didnot because（ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.refused to speak to her.B.was pleasant and attractive.C.was selling skirts and ribbons.D.recognized her immediately.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.The writer was not used

20、 to bargaining.B.People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C.Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad that the writer knew their way of barg

21、aining.D.was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B.she was af

22、raid of crying in public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D.she had to show in public that she was strong.【答案】第1題:B第2題:A第3題:C第4題:C第5題:A【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段作者的描寫(xiě)可知，她是令人愉快且吸引人的。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的最后三句話“.I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In L

23、aos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.”可知選項(xiàng) B、C、D均正確。只有選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第五段“She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made.”售貨員很到高興是因?yàn)樽髡咧廊绾斡盟麄儑?guó)家的方式進(jìn)行討價(jià)還價(jià), 所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第五段“The price was too low.pay her three times as

24、 much before.”可知，作者覺(jué)得價(jià)格太低，怕售貨員掙不到錢，所以多買了幾件作為一種補(bǔ)償。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.”我學(xué)會(huì)了在困難面前保護(hù)自己；不知不覺(jué)中，我也學(xué)會(huì)了保護(hù)自己不被溫柔以及容易的東西傷害?？芍?，作者沒(méi)有哭是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)學(xué)會(huì)控制自己的情緒不會(huì)輕易

25、受到影響，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。8.單選題Humor has been well defined as: “Thinking in fun while feeling in earnest”.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.幽默被人很好地解釋為：“帶著認(rèn)真的情緒滑稽地思考”。B.幽默被人很恰當(dāng)?shù)亟忉尀椋骸罢J(rèn)真地感覺(jué),不認(rèn)真地思考”。C.幽默被人很巧妙地詮釋為：“一面認(rèn)真地感覺(jué)一面滑稽地思考”?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】本題的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)引語(yǔ)的翻譯，相比較之下，選項(xiàng)A翻譯最為準(zhǔn)確。9.單選題One never can see the thing in itself, because the mind does not （ ）ph

26、enomena.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.transcendB.superiorC.passD.advantage【答案】A【解析】transcend勝過(guò)，超越；superior上級(jí)的，優(yōu) 秀的；pass經(jīng)過(guò)，傳遞；advantage有利于，使處于優(yōu)勢(shì)。句意：一個(gè)人永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法看到事物本身，因?yàn)樗枷霟o(wú)法超越現(xiàn)象。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。10.單選題The （ ）of these many events led many people to believe that they were interrelated.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.concurrenceB.agreementC.occurrenceD.circumstanc

27、e【答案】A【解析】concurrence同時(shí)發(fā)生， 贊同，合作；agreement 協(xié)議，同意，一致；occurrence 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；circumstance 環(huán)境，情況，境遇。句意：許多這些事件同時(shí)發(fā)生使很多人相信它們之間是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。11.單選題Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except （ ）?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ingredientsB.componentsC.elementsD.compounds【答案】A【解析】ingredient成分，配料，原料

28、；component組件，元件；element元素，要素；compound化合物；混合物。句意：為什么素食餐廳的菜除了配料外，其他各個(gè)方面都像肉？選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。12.單選題The hotel was a four-storey building away from the university where most competitors were accommodated.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.put upB.put downC.put inD.put over【答案】A【解析】accommodated在這里指容納，安置。put up提供，建造，舉起；put down 放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；put in 提

29、交，放入；put over 推遲，駛過(guò)。選項(xiàng)A放在句中最為恰當(dāng)，符合語(yǔ)境。13.單選題By todays standards, early farmers were imprudent because they planted the crop repeatedly, exhausting the soil after a few harvests.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.unwiseB.stubbornC.tiresomeD.unscientific【答案】A【解析】句意：按照今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，早期的農(nóng)民是輕率的，因?yàn)樗麄兎磸?fù)種植作物，幾次收獲后就把土壤耗盡了。imprudent意為“輕率的，魯莽的”。un

30、wise不明智的，輕率的；stubborn頑固的；tiresome無(wú)聊的，令人討厭的；unscientific不科學(xué)的。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。14.單選題Large areas of Alaskan land remain desolate due to harsh climate.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.inaccessibleB.immatureC.parchedD.stark【答案】D【解析】句意：由于氣候惡劣，阿拉斯加的大片土地仍然荒涼。desolate意為“荒涼的，無(wú)人煙的”。inaccessible難 達(dá)到的，難接近的；immature不成熟的； parched炎熱的，干透的；stark荒涼的

31、，光禿禿的。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。15.單選題I think that I committed a （ ）in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】blunder 大錯(cuò)，愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤；revenge報(bào)復(fù)，復(fù)仇；reproach責(zé)備，恥辱；scandal丑聞，流言蜚語(yǔ)。句意：我認(rèn)為我在問(wèn)她的時(shí)候犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò)，因?yàn)樗坪醣晃业膯?wèn)題弄得很心煩。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。16.單選題Well, youre a tall man and yo

32、u can carry a good deal of weight without looking awkward.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.inconvenientB.funnyC.untidyD.clumsy【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，awkward意為笨拙的。inconvenient 不便的；funny 有趣的；untidy凌亂的，懶散的；clumsy 笨拙的。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。17.單選題At first, the results of the experiment seemed （ ）,but finally a pattern emerged.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.haphazardB.grav

33、eC.genuineD.gullible【答案】B【解析】haphazard 偶然的，隨意的；grave 嚴(yán)肅的，暗淡的；genuine 真正的，誠(chéng)懇的；gullible 易受騙的，輕信的。句意：起初，實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果似乎沒(méi)有起色，但最終出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)模式。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。18.單選題I must go now, and （ ）if you want that book Ill bring it next time.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.SuccessivelyB.respectivelyC.incidentallyD.accidentally【答案】C【解析】successively 相繼地，接連著地；re

34、spectively 分別地，各自地；incidentally 順便，偶然地，附帶地；accidentally 偶然地，意外地。句意：我現(xiàn)在必須得走了，順便說(shuō)一句，如果你想要那本書(shū)，我下次會(huì)帶來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。19.單選題The framework of the special theory of relativity can be constructed from the assumption of absolute invariability of the speed of light.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.argumentationB.hypothesisC.convictionD.defin

35、ition【答案】B【解析】句意：狹義相對(duì)論的框架可以由光速的絕對(duì)不變性的假設(shè)來(lái)構(gòu)建。assumption 假定，設(shè)想；argumentation爭(zhēng)論，論證；hypothesis假設(shè)；conviction 定罪，確信；definition定義，解說(shuō)。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。20.單選題The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, in my way to work these mornings. They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape. These kid

36、s are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be in self care.Passing them is like passing through a time z

37、one. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families

38、follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.T

39、he six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out.“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar a

40、nd realities of family life.” says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable. “School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.”His is not p

41、opular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives?In may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the compla

42、ints and studies about our kids lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesnt produce a well-educated child, learning takes time and more

43、learning takes more time. The long summers of forgetting take a toll.The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. It comes from teachers. It comes from tradition. And surely from kids. But the most important part of the

44、 conflict has been over the money.1.Which of the following is an opinion of the authors?2.The current American school calendar was developed in the 19th century according to （ ）.3.The author thinks that the current school calendar（ ）.4.Why was Dr. Boyers idea unpopular?5.The main purpose of the pass

45、age is（ ）.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.“The kids are hanging out.”B.“They are school children without school.”C.“These kids are not old enough for jobs.”D.“The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.”問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.the growing season on nations farmB.the labor demands of the industrial ageC.teachers dema

46、nds for more vacation timeD.parents demands for other experiences for their kids問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.is still validB.is out of dateC.cannot be revisedD.cannot be defended問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.He argues for the role of school in solving social problemsB.He supports the current school calendarC.He thinks that school year and fami

47、ly life should be considered separatelyD.He strongly believes in the educational role of school問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.to describe how American children spend their summerB.to explain the needs of the modern working familiesC.to discuss the problems of the current school calendarD.to persuade parents to stay at home

48、 to look after their kids【答案】第1題:A第2題:A第3題:B第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的描述可知，作者主要想表達(dá)的是孩子們上學(xué)的時(shí)間太短，很多時(shí)間都在外面閑逛。所以選項(xiàng)A是作者的觀點(diǎn)，其他選項(xiàng)都是事實(shí)。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段三四句“In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season.

49、”在19世紀(jì)的城市，學(xué)校每天開(kāi)放7到8小時(shí)，一年11個(gè)月。在美國(guó)農(nóng)村，一年是圍繞著（農(nóng)作物）生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)來(lái)安排的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model,”現(xiàn)在，只有3%的家庭遵循農(nóng)業(yè)模式。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)有的上學(xué)時(shí)間安排已經(jīng)不適用于現(xiàn)在的情況，也就是已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了，所以選項(xiàng) B正確。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容，他(Dr. Boyer)的想法不受歡迎。學(xué)校通常肩負(fù)著解決我們所有社會(huì)問(wèn)題的重?fù)?dān)。它們能滿足我們工作和家庭生活的需要嗎？由此可知，Dr. Boyer的想

50、法不受歡迎的原因是他堅(jiān)信學(xué)校的教育作用，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是當(dāng)前上學(xué)時(shí)間安排存在的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。21.單選題Nowadays very few people are willing to be nurses, so I think its extremely important for us to improve the （ ）of the nursing profession.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.inquiryB.statusC.financeD.dilemma【答案】B【解析】inquiry探究，調(diào)查，質(zhì)詢; status地位，狀態(tài)， 情形

51、，重要身份；finance 財(cái)政，金融；dilemma 困境，進(jìn)退兩難。句意：現(xiàn)在很少有人愿意做護(hù)士，所以我認(rèn)為提高護(hù)理專業(yè)的身份地位對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。22.單選題One of the peculiarities of the bazaar is that people dealing in the same kind of goods collect in the same area.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.advantagesB.shortcomingsC.disparitiesD.characteristics【答案】D【解析】peculiarities意為特征，特質(zhì)。ad

52、vantages 優(yōu)點(diǎn)，有利條件；shortcomings 缺點(diǎn)，短處；disparities不一致；characteristics 特性，特征。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。23.單選題He was meticulous in checking his accounts.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.extremely slowB.incredibly quickC.excessively carefulD.unbelievably care【答案】C【解析】meticulous意為一絲不茍的，小心翼翼的。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。24.單選題She worked hard at her task before she f

53、elt sure that the results would （ ）her long effort.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.justifyB.estifyC.rectifyD.verify【答案】A【解析】justify 證明是正當(dāng)?shù)?有理由的，替辯護(hù)；testify 作證，證明，證實(shí)；rectify 改正，精餾，整流；verify 核實(shí)，查證。句意：在確信結(jié)果會(huì)證明她的長(zhǎng)期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。選項(xiàng)A 符合語(yǔ)境。25.單選題None of us knows the name of that （ ）insect.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.funny little redB.red little funn

54、yC.little funny redD.red funny little【答案】A【解析】多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~（數(shù)量）；外觀；形狀（大小，高矮，肥瘦），年齡，顏色，國(guó)籍，材料，用途。所以只有選項(xiàng)A正確。26.單選題Johns evenings out are usually followed by a quick dash back to his own flat to finish his reading for the following days tutorial.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.lectureB.reportC.quizD.discussion【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)句意可

55、知，tutorial指輔導(dǎo)課，輔導(dǎo)材料。lecture 演講，講稿，教訓(xùn)；report 報(bào)告，成績(jī)單；quiz惡作劇，隨堂測(cè)驗(yàn)；discussion 討論。選項(xiàng)A最符合原文語(yǔ)境，所以正確。27.單選題Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grew older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather th

56、an face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, threw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lillian Hellmans words, they have the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.”Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than

57、among younger white women. A national council reports these findings. Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing go learn than men or younger women. Yet many olde

58、r women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep-it moves in, according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women. Yet a 1981 report on the White Hous

59、e Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history. This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and f

60、ears.Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations