住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-東北大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Loudnoisescanaffectyourhearing.Theycancauseearpain.Evenworse,ifsoundwavesfromveryloudnoisesreachyourinnerear,theycanripandteartissuesneededforhearing.

Oftenearswillhealthemselvesiftheyarenothurttoobadly.Theremayonlybeashorttimeaftertheloudnoisethatyoucannothear.Buthearingcanbelostforeverifthedamageisverybad.Orhearingmaybedamagedsothatyoumayhearsomesounds,butnotothers.Forexample,acarhornmaybeheard,butyoumaynotbeabletohearsomeonespeaking.

Itisasadfact,buttheworldisgettingnoisier.Bigmachinesroar,airconditionerswhir,lawnmowerssnarl,hornsblast,sirensscreech,telephonesring,peopleyell,anddogbark.Noiseisjustabouteverywhere.Yet,ourworldcouldbemadequieter.Everyeffortshouldbemadetodoawaywithloudnoise.Ourhealthdependsuponit.

Onewaytocutdownnoiseistoquietthethingthatmakesthenoise.Forinstance,mufflersoncarexhaustpipescutdownontheamountofnoiseacarmakes.Withoutmufflersyoucouldhardlystandthenoiseofyourowncar.Thatisonereasonwhymufflersareimportant.

Noisecanalsobestoppedinotherways.Onewayistosoakupnoise.Soundwavesbounceoffwallsandceilingsinrooms.Theirechoesaddtothenewsoundsintherooms.Ceilingsmadeoftileswithlittleholesinthemtakeinsoundwavesmuchasspongessoakupwater.Thiscutsroomnoisedownquiteabit.Carpets,curtains,andfurniturealsosoakupsoundwaves.It’safactthatanemptyroomisfullofechoes.Aroomwithfurnitureismuchquieter.

Puttingmachinesonrubberpadscancutdownnoisebykeepingtablesandfloorsfromshakingalongwiththemachines.Theirshakingaddstothenoisefromthemachines.

Noisecanalsobeblockedandstoppedcompletely.Thatmightseemlikethebestwaytostopnoise,butitisnotalwaysso.Forexample,tosoundproofroomsmeansthatwallsandceilingsmustbeverythickandcoveredwithsoundproofingmaterials.Theextrabuildingmaterialswouldmakehomesandapartmentsmoreexpensive.

Cheaperandeasierwaystocutdownonunwantednoiseneedtobedeveloped.

1.Thisarticleismostlyabout（）.

2.Loudnoisecancause（）.

3.Inordertosoundproofaroom,thewallsandceilingsmustbevery（）.

4.Whensoundwavesbounceoffanobject,theymake（）.

問題1選項

A.carmufflers

B.rubberpads

C.unwantednoise

D.soundproofrooms

問題2選項

A.dizziness

B.headaches

C.sorethroats

D.earpain

問題3選項

A.clean

B.smooth

C.thick

D.colorful

問題4選項

A.ahole

B.anecho

C.ripples

D.ashadow

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文談?wù)撽P(guān)于噪音的影響以及消除噪音的方式，因此答案為選項C。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞loudnoise可以定位到文章第一段中“Loudnoisescanaffectyourhearing.Theycancauseearpain.”，中文翻譯為：噪音會影響你的聽力。他們可以引起耳朵疼痛。因此，答案選D。

3.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞tosoundproofaroom，可以定位到文章中“Forexample,tosoundproofroomsmeansthatwallsandceilingsmustbeverythickandcoveredwithsoundproofingmaterials.”，中文翻譯為：例如，隔音的房間意味著墻壁和天花板一定很厚，并且覆蓋著隔音材料。由此可知C選項正確。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞soundwaves可以定位到文章中“Soundwavesbounceoffwallsandceilingsinrooms.Theirechoesaddtothenewsoundsintherooms.”，中文翻譯為：聲波從房間的墻壁和天花板反彈。它們的回聲給房間增加新的聲音。根據(jù)語境及句意可知B項正確。

2.單選題

Thewomantrippedovertheunevenpavementand（）herelbow.

問題1選項

A.distorted

B.dislodged

C.disabled

D.dislocated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；B選項dislodge“逐出，驅(qū)逐；用力移動”；C選項disable“使失去能力；使殘廢；使無資格”；D選項dislocate“使脫臼；使混亂”。句意：這位婦女絆倒在這個不平坦的人行道上，結(jié)果使自己的肘部脫臼。結(jié)合此處句意，判斷出D選項正確。

3.單選題

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

問題2選項

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

問題3選項

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

問題4選項

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

問題5選項

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻譯為：官方的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字有點令人氣餒。故選A“沒有看上去那么好”。

2.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻譯：正如財政部長說的，生產(chǎn)力發(fā)生飛躍的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計數(shù)字所反映的情況之間存在著一種“脫節(jié)”?？芍罴汛鸢笧锽選項“低于商人的預(yù)期”。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻譯：商人們認為自己主持著生產(chǎn)力革命，但是要確定是否確有其事卻更加困難，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇B“他認為生產(chǎn)力革命并未奏效”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打擾的：心煩意亂的”；C:moreinsensible“更無動于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻譯為：BBDO公司的艾倫?羅森希納更加直率。他把許多重組咨詢專家所做的工作視為垃圾，推測出blunter有“更直率的”含義，故選D。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)B選項“組織工作場所的新方法可以幫助提高生產(chǎn)力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻譯為：組織工作場所的新方法——所有那些重新設(shè)計和縮小規(guī)模的做法——只是對一個經(jīng)濟的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一個方面的貢獻……，根據(jù)C選項“降低成本并不能保證帶來長期利潤”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻譯為：他的同事，邁克?比爾說，太多的公司已用機械的方式進行重組，在沒有充分考慮到長期贏利能力的情況下降低了成本。根據(jù)D選項“打通新市場可能增加公司的利潤率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻譯為：另外，公司的大部分改革都是為了贏利，而這種需求并不總是意味著提高生產(chǎn)力：轉(zhuǎn)向新的市場或改善產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量也會有同樣的功效。只有A選項未在文中提及，符合題意。

4.單選題

Thechildren’shystericalcrying（）thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

問題1選項

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項forbid“禁止；不允許”；B選項refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C選項hinder“阻止；打擾”；D選項restrict“限制；約束”。句意：這些孩子們歇斯底里的哭泣阻止這位女醫(yī)生完成這個檢查。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項C正確。

5.單選題

Thenewspaper（）thedetailsoftheaccidentinashorttime.

問題1選項

A.disclosed

B.exhibited

C.exposed

D.discovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項disclose“公開；披露”；B選項exhibit“展覽；顯示；提出（證據(jù)等）”；C選項expose“揭露（多指揭露丑聞，壞人壞事或各種陰謀）；使曝光；顯示”；D選項discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺”。句意：這份報紙不久就披露了這起事故的細節(jié)。結(jié)合此處語境，A選項正確。

6.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

問題1選項

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項integrity“完整；正直；誠實；廉正”；B選項instinct“本能；直覺；天性”；C選項intensity“強度；強烈”；D選項insanity“瘋狂；精神錯亂；愚頑”。句意：這位市長是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我們的政治和財政援助。根據(jù)句意，A選項正確。

7.單選題

FastReading

Newspapers

Newspapersaretheoriginalformofbroadbandcommunication,adistinctionnotalwaysrecognizedintheageoftheInternet.Longbeforewehadcomputers,televisions,radios,telephonesandtelegraphs,newspaperswerethecheapestandmostefficientwaytoreachmassaudienceswithnews,commentaryandadvertising.Newspapers,fromtheirbeginningsashand-printed“broadsheets”,havebeenatruerandom-accessmedium-readerscanmoveeasilyandquicklythroughthedifferentsectionsofanewspaper,returningtothemdaysorevenweekslater.Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.

WhatDidtheGrowthofTVNewsMeantoNewspapers?

Withthegrowthoftelevisionnewsinthe1960s,newspapersconfrontedtheirfirstformidablecompetitor.Today,ABCNewsclaimsthatmoreAmericansgettheirnewsfromABCthanfromanyothersource—andit’sprobablytrue.TheUnitedStates’1,600dailynewspaperscontinuetoservemillionsofreaders,butnewspapersarenolongerthecountry’sdominantmassmedium.Howtosurviveandevenflourishinaculturemoreattunedto（吻合）electronicmediathantoprinter’sinkisthemostseriousissuefacingthenewspaperindustryasitentersthe21stcentury.

ItissafetosaythatnewspapersarenotabouttofollowtheMorsetelegraphintooblivion.Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium.Noonelugsacomputermonitortothebreakfasttabletogetthemorningnews.And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

WhatExactlyIsNewsandHowDoesItWork?

Curiously,forapublicationcalledanewspaper,noonehasevercoinedastandarddefinitionofnews.Butforthemostpart,newsusuallyfallsunderonebroadclassification-theabnormal.Itishumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisastersthatoften“makethenews”.Reportersareanewspaper’sfront-lineeyesandears.Reportersglean（收集）informationfrommanysources,somepublic,suchaspolicerecords,andothersprivate,suchasagovernmentinformant.Occasionally,areporterwillgotojailratherthanrevealthenameofaconfidentialsourceforanewsstory.Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

Somereportersareassignedtobeats,oranareaofcoverage,suchasthecourts,cityhall,education,business,medicineandsoforth.Othersarecalledgeneralassignmentreporters,whichmeanstheyareoncallforavarietyofstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.Inthemovies,reportershaveexciting,frenzied（狂熱的）anddangerousjobsastheyliveafamouspronouncementofthenewspaperbusiness:“Comforttheafflictedandafflictthecomfortable.”Althoughafewmembersofthemediahavebeenkilledasaresultofinvestigationsintowrongdoing,newspaperworkforthegreatmajorityofreportersisroutine.

Allreportersareultimatelyresponsibletoaneditor.Dependingonitssize,anewspapermayhavenumerouseditors,beginningwithanexecutiveeditorresponsibleforthenewsdivision.Immediatelybelowtheexecutiveeditoristhemanagingeditor,thepersonwhooverseestheday-to-dayworkofthenewsdivision.Othereditors―sports,photo,state,national,featuresandobituary（訃告）,forexample—mayalsoreporttothemanagingeditor.

However,thebestknownandinsomewaysthemostcrucialeditoristhecityormetroeditor.Thisistheeditorthatreportersworkfordirectly.Thecityormetroeditorassignsstones,enforcesdeadlinesandisthefirsttoseereporters’rawcopyonthecompositionsystemorcomputernetwork.Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.Oftenworkingunderthestressofbreakingnews,theirdecisionstranslatedirectlyintothecontentofthenewspaper.

Oncethecityormetroeditorhasfinishededitingareporter’srawcopy,thestorymovesfromthecompositionsystemviathecomputernetworktoanotherpartofthenewsdivision,thecopydesk.Here,copyeditorscheckforspellingandothererrorsofusage.Theymayalsolookfor“holes”inthestorythatwouldconfusereadersorleavetheirquestionsunanswered.Thecopydeskchiefroutesfinishedstoriestoothereditorswhofitlocalandwireservicestories,headlines（writtenbytheeditor—notthereporter!）anddigitalphotographsontopages.Newspapersareincreasinglydoingthiswork,calledpagination（分頁）,withpersonalcomputersusingsoftwareavailableatanyofficesupplystore.MicrosoftWindows,WordandQuarkExpressarethreeprogramsthat,thoughnotdesignedfornewspaperproduction,areeasilyadaptedforit.

WhatAretheEditorialPagesAllAbout?

Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.Thisiswhereeditorials,unsignedcommentarythatreflectsthecollectivepositionofthenewspaper’seditorialboard,appear.Editorialsarenotnews,butratherreasonedopinionbasedonfacts.Forexample,editorialsmaycriticizetheperformanceofpublicofficialssuchasthemayor,thepolicechief,orthelocalschoolboard;conversely,editorialsmaypraiseothersfortheirciviccontributions.Whateverthetopic,newspapershopetheireditorialswillraisethelevelofcommunitydiscourse.

Twowaysthisoccursarefamiliartoanynewspaperreader―letterstotheeditorandop-edarticles（acontractionofopposite-editorialpage）.Lettersarealwaysamongthebest-readsectionofanynewspaper,forthisiswherereadersexpresstheiropinions.Op-edarticlesusuallyrun850to1,000words.Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.

Theeditorialpagesareunderthedirectionofaneditoroutsidethenewsdivision.Newspaperpeoplecallthis“separationofchurchandstate”,meaningthereisalinebetweennewsandopinionthatmustnotbecrossed.Todosostripsanewspaperofitsmostvaluableasset-credibility.Forthatreason,editorialpageeditorsatsomelargenewspapersreporttothepublisher,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerofthecompany,andnottotheexecutiveeditor.Othernewspapersmayhavetheireditorialpageeditorreportingtotheexecutiveeditor.Whatevertheorganizationalmodel,though,neitherdepartmentcantelltheotherwhattopublishinthenewspaper.

HowAreNewspapersDistributed?

Responsibilityforgettingthenewspaperfromthepresstothereaderfallstothedistributiondivision.Largenewspaperspublishtwo,threeorevenfoureditions,allofwhichmustbereadytoleavethenewspaperplantatacertaintime.Thefirstedition,sometimescalledthebulldogedition（晨版）,goestotheouterlimitsofthenewspaper’scirculationarea.

Thismaybeseveralcountiesorevenanentirestate.Latereditionscontainprogressivelyfreshernewsandgotosmallerareas.Thefinaledition,whichgoestopressaftermidnight,containsthelatestnewsbutcoversthesmallestgeographicalarea,usuallyacity.

Anysubscribertoadailynewspaperknowsthatitplops（撲通落下）ontothedrivewayintheweehoursofthemorning.Independentcontractorscalledcarriersbuycopiesofthenewspaperatdiscountanddeliverthem,usingtheirpersonalvehicles.ThefirstjobformanyAmericanyoungsterswasdeliveringtheafternoonpaperintheirneighborhood.

Thecirculationdepartmentdrawstheroutesthatcarriersfollow.Thisdepartmentisalsoresponsibleforracksales,newspapersthatgointocoin-operateddispensers（自動售貨機）.Thecirculationdepartmentmaintainssubscribers’billingrecords,stopsandstartsdeliveriesuponrequest,andusesservicerunnerstodelivermissingpapers.

In18hoursofhighlycoordinatedworkcarriedoutbynumerousdivisions,whatnewspaperpeoplecalla“roughdraftofhistory”asmovedthroughcomputersystems,imaging（成像）machinesandpresses,toitsfinaldestination-thereaders.

After3:30a.m.,fewpeopleremainatanewspaperplant.Alltheotherdivisionshavegonehome.Thepresseshavefallensilent,perhapsundergoingmaintenancefortheremainderofthenight.Thesuddensilencewillnotlastlong.Inlessthanfourhours,thenewspaper,asitmustdo365daysayear,willrousefromitsshortsleepandstartalloveragain.

1.Whatcanbestdescribethequalitiesofnewspapersnow?

2.WhatqualitiesshouldNewspaperspossessinordertosurviveinthecompetitionagainstothermedia?

3.Today’snewspaperspaymoreattentiontothefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（）.

4.WhyAmericannewspapersconsiderthemselves“thewatchdogbranch”?

5.Whatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaperisdecidedby（）.

6.Whatmustbepublishedonnewspapers’editorialpages?

7.Newspapersmakeroomforletterstotheeditorandopposite-editorialarticlesasimportantdevotionto（）.

問題1選項

A.Theyareoriginalandhand-printed.

B.Theyarethecheapestandmostefficient.

C.Theyareuniversalandeverlasting.

D.Theyarethewholeworld’sdominantmassmedium.

問題2選項

A.Convenienceandadaptability.

B.Convenienceandgooddesign.

C.Colorphotographyandadaptability.

D.Gooddesignandcolorphotography.

問題3選項

A.gooddesign

B.detailedstories

C.colorphotography

D.lowcostandhighincome

問題4選項

A.Becausetheyreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

B.Becausetheyuncoverlegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

C.Becausetheyreporthumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisasters.

D.Becausetheygatherstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.

問題5選項

A.thecopyeditor

B.theexecutiveeditor

C.themanagingeditor

D.thecityormetroeditor

問題6選項

A.Thecriticismofpublicofficialssuchasthemayorandthepolicechief.

B.Theopinionsthatreadersexpressaboutthedetailedstories.

C.Newspapers’commentsoncurrentevents.

D.Thegooddeedpublicofficialshavedonefortheirciviccontributions.

問題7選項

A.currentevents

B.publicreports

C.privatestories

D.civicdialogue

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出：Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.（因為報紙的“軟件”是由一種共同的語言組成的，所以它具有普遍和無時間限制的特質(zhì)）。因此C項“它們普遍而永恒”正確。

2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段講了報紙是如何求生存：Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium（報紙是一種方便攜帶的媒介），以及：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（驚人的是，報紙善于打造自身以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)今的讀者，通過注重好的設(shè)計，彩色攝影和報告和解釋時事的詳細報道）。由此可知，報紙為了在競爭中生存應(yīng)該具備方便和適應(yīng)性的特點，故選A。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段指出：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（驚人的是，報紙善于打造自身以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)今的讀者，通過注重好的設(shè)計，彩色攝影和報告和解釋時事的詳細報道）。四個選項中，只有D項“低成本，高收入”未被提及，因此答案選D。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出：Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.（美國報紙驕傲的自稱為政府第四個分支——監(jiān)察機構(gòu)——這暴露了立法、行政和司法方面的不當(dāng)行為）。由此可知B項正確。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第七段指出：Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.（這些編輯被稱作守門人，因為他們控制著第二天報紙上將出現(xiàn)的大多數(shù)內(nèi)容）。由此可知D項正確。

6.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第九段指出：Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.（報紙將其關(guān)于當(dāng)?shù)鼗驀鴥?nèi)最近事件的觀點發(fā)表于社論版面里）。由此可知，社論版發(fā)表對最近事件的看法。故選C。

7.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第十段指出：Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.（報紙為讀者來信和反對意見的文章騰出地方，是它們?yōu)槭忻駥υ捵龀鲐暙I的一部分）。因此，D項“公民對話”正確。

8.單選題

Thegirl’s（）conditionwasduetothefactthatshecouldn’tfindaperfectdressforhomecoming.

問題1選項

A.moot

B.prestigious

C.abject

D.meretricious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項moot“無實際意義的；未決議的”；B選項prestigious“有名望的；享有聲望的”；C選項abject“卑鄙的；不幸的；可憐的；（境況）凄慘的”；D選項meretricious“俗氣的；華麗而庸俗的”。句意：這位女孩可憐的狀況是因她不能為校友返校節(jié)而找到一件完美的禮服。根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

9.單選題

Thescientistsbecameveryexcitedastheyfelttheywereonthe（）ofadiscovery.

問題1選項

A.crest

B.borderline

C.brink

D.bluff

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。onthebrinkof“在……的邊緣”，句意：當(dāng)感覺自己處于一個發(fā)現(xiàn)的邊緣時，科學(xué)家們變得非常興奮。故C選項正確。

10.單選題

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項exact“準確的，精密的；精確的”；C選項acute“敏銳的；激烈的；尖聲的”；D選項vivid“生動的；鮮明的”。句意：盡管大多數(shù)鳥類只有微不足道的嗅覺，但是它們卻有敏銳的視覺。根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

11.單選題

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（）tohisincome.

問題1選項

A.proportion

B.proposition

C.proposal

D.proponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。inproportionto“與……比較起來”。句意：同他的收入相比較，他在度假和奢侈品上的花費太高了。結(jié)合此處語義，A選項正確。

12.單選題

Onhowtheworldhaschangedoverthelast50years,notallofithasbeengood.Asyouarelookingfororganicfoodinformation,youhaveobviouslybecomeawarethatabetteralternativeexistsandyouaretakingacriticallookatthesourceandproductionpracticesofthecompaniesproducingtheworld’sfoodsupplies.

Thepurposeoforganicfoodinformationistogiveyouanunderstandingofwhatisgoingintoyourfood.Youwillseethattherearemanybenefitstoorganicfoodthatyoudidn’tknowbefore.Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticides（殺蟲劑）tocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.Theseartificialfertilizersleavesomethingpoisonousinandonthefruitandvegetablesweconsumewhichinturnisabsorbedandstoredbyourbodies.

Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.Ifyouareeatingnon-organicproduceyouwillhavetoeatmorefruitinordertomakeupforthisdeficiency.Butthenthedangerouscyclecontinuessinceyouwillbeeatingmorechemicalsthatareworseforyourhealththantheyaregoodforyou.

Anotheraspectoforganicfoodinformationistheproductionofmeatandpoultry（家食）.Mostonlyconsiderproducewhenitcomestoorganicfoodinformationdisregardingtheantibioticsandhormonesthataregiventobothcattleandpoultrythatarebeingforcefed.Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.Thereisnowaythatananimalthatisn’tkeptinhealthyconditionscanproducehealthyfoodforhumanstoeat.

Youhavenothingtolosebytryingorganicproduct,notonlywillitbehealthyforyoubutyouwillalsobeabletoeatproduceandmeatthewaytheyaresupposedtobe.Youwilllikelybesoimpressedwiththetasteoforganicfruitthatyouwillneverreturntothemass-producedfruitagain.Whilecostandavailabilitycanbeabigissueforsome,youcandoabitofresearchonlineandfindalocalstorethatstocksorganicproduceforareasonableprice.

1.ItisstatedinParagraph1thatorganicfood（）.

2.Farmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticidesto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,organicfood（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeatandpoultry?

6.Inthelastparagraph,peopleareadvisedto（）.

7.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

8.Whatwillbeprobablyaddressedifthereisanotherparagraphafterthelast?

問題1選項

A.isconsideredasabetterchoice

B.ismostlysuppliedbyworld-famouscompanies

C.hasbecomepopularoverthelast50years

D.reflectsthechangeofproductionpractices

問題2選項

A.satisfypeople’scriticaldemand

B.developbetterfarmingtechnology

C.getahighercropyield

D.keeppeopleinbetterhealth

問題3選項

A.FruitsnowadaysdonotcontainVitaminC

B.FruitsnowadayscontainmoreVitaminCthanbefore

C.FruitsnowadayscontainlessVitaminCthanbefore

D.FruitsnowadayscontainVitaminCasmuchasbefore

問題4選項

A.hasgonedowninquality

B.hasmorenutrients

C.ca