CET4ListeningComprehensionPracticemakesperfect!PartI.聽力短對話題型分析及解題技巧PartI.

ShortConversationsI.短對話題材II.短對話設題點III.短對話答案內容IV.短對話答案出處V.短對話提問方式II.聽力短對話設題點轉折處

否定處建議處習慣用語反問處比較處虛擬處

條件處意愿處因果處感嘆處時間狀語推測處遞進處數(shù)字處III.聽力短對話答案內容事實狀況行為活動觀點態(tài)度地點場景身份關系談論話題數(shù)字信息IV.聽力短對話答案出處分類歷次考試所占比第二個人話中70.6%兩個人話中21.9%第一個人話中7.5%V.聽力短對話提問方式分類歷次考試所占比What提問89.7%Where提問5.5%How提問2.7%Why提問1.4%Who提問0.7%1.選項分析技巧作題的第一入手點1)根據選項預測談話內容，并對可能提到的問題進行判斷。2)判斷試題的類型，以確定攝取答案的形式。3)排除較明顯的干擾，縮小正確選項的范圍。原則：1)意思相反的選項中往往有一個正確答案。2)與其他三個選項無關的一般不是答案。Youwillread:A)Maryisthesecondsmarteststudentintheclass.B)NooneelseisasbrightasMary.C)BesidesMary,thereareonlytwoothersmartstudentsintheclass.D)Maryisnotasmartstudent.Youwillhear:M:Whodoyouthinkisthesmarteststudentintheclass?W:Maryissecondtonone.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMary?B)一．場景類題型解題技巧1、地點與方向類試題首先,要預覽書面選擇項,迅速把它歸為地點題或方向類題。其次，根據對話內容，抓住特定場景用詞。最后，準備好記筆記，建議直接在表示地點或方向的詞語旁記下相關的事項。常用的表示地點與方向的特定場景用語（1）Universityorotherschool

professor,associateprofessor(副教授),lecturer(講師),assistant(助教),lab,languagelab,courses,examination,exam,quiz,fail,pass,homework,assignmentschoolrecord,marks,score,grades,termpaper,finish(getthrough),liberalarts(文科),engineering(工科),campus,teachingbuilding,teacher’soffice,dormitory,undergraduate(大學生),freshman(大學一年級學生),sophomore(大學二年級學生),junior(大學三年級學生),senior(大學四年級學生),semester(學期),term,optionalcourse(選修課)…

requiredcourse(必修課)（2）Hotelreception(接待處),receptionist(接待員),reservation(預訂),single/double

room,bathroom,suite(套房)（發(fā)音同sweet）,room

key,bookaroom,roomnumber,luggage,tip(小費),full,check

in(登記住宿),check

out(結帳)…（3）Airportfly,airport,takeoff,land,boardingcard(登機牌),flight,gate,hostess,airways,flightnumber,aircraft,byair,airlines(航線；航空公司),airsick(暈機的),arrival/departuretime(到達/出發(fā)時間),bookingoffice(售票處),ticketagent(售票代理人),destination(目的地，終點)…（6）Bookstorebookstore,book,order(訂書),stack(書架),shelf,page,edition(版本),copy,outofprint(絕版),available,cover(封皮)…（7）Postofficepostoffice,post,postage(郵資),letter,mail,ordinarymail(普通郵件),registeredmail(掛號郵件),overseasmail,stamp,envelope,deliver,send,telegram,parcel,packet,stick(粘)…（8）Libraryborrow,return,due(到期),overdue(過期),renew(續(xù)借),fine(罰款),ontime,referencebook(參考書),shelves,checkout(辦理外借手續(xù)),lend,latestissue(最新一期的……),bookshelf,stack(書架),catalogue(目錄)…

（10）Storestore,departmentstore（百貨商店）,shop,men’sdepartment(男裝部),women’sdepartment(女裝部),counter(柜臺),price,onsale(大減價),outofstock(無貨),size,style,color,cheap,expensive,costly,cost,fashion,brand(品牌),sale…（11）Courtcourt,judge,lawyer,clerk(書記員),jury(陪審團),witness(證人),defendant(被告),case(案件),appeal(上訴),sentence(判刑),guilty(有罪的),innocent(無辜的),crime…（12）SomepropernamesAlaska(阿拉斯加),Australia,Austria,Boston,Brazil(巴西),California,Canada,Chicago,Denmark(丹麥),Detroit（底特律）,Egypt,France,Geneva(日內瓦),GreatBritain,Greece(希臘),Hawaii(夏威夷),India,Ireland(愛爾蘭),Italy,Japan,Korea,London,LosAngeles(洛杉磯),

Listentothefollowingdialogues:M:Ineedtocashthischeck.W:Willyousteprighttotheteller’windowplease.Q:Whereistheconversationprobablytakingplace?(t1.3)BythewindowAttheairportAtastoreInabank(D)M:IneedabookofstampsandI’dliketosendthispackagefirst-class.W:Hereareyourstamps,butyouhavetotakepackagetothenextwindow.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?AtanelementaryschoolAtabaggagecounterAtabookstoreAtapostoffice(D)2、數(shù)字與計算類試題W:Here'sa10-dollarbill.Givemetwoticketsfortonight'sshowplease.M:Sure.Twoticketsandhereis'1.40change.Q:Howmuchdoesoneticketcost?美元紙幣面額有1，2，5，10，20，50和100元，鑄幣面額有1，5，10，25，50分和1元。Youwillread:

A.'1.40.B.'4.30.C.'6.40.D.'8.60B.3、人物關系與職業(yè)判斷類試題提問方式一般有兩種：1.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?2.詢問第三者的身份、職業(yè)或其他相關情況.

例如：Whoistheman(woman)?/What’stheman’s(woman’s)job?/What’stheman(woman)?等?？荚嚂r,首先要通過預覽書面選擇項迅速判斷出題類型，聽清關鍵詞與特殊場景用詞，記下提到的人物都干了些什么，將人與事物相對應，使之產生聯(lián)系。其次，在聽此類對話時，還要結合考慮說話者的口氣、語調與可能使用的表示禮貌、親昵、隨意、批評等的語詞等，排除干擾項，對人物之間的相互關系做出較為合理的推斷。最后，要正確斷定人物之間的相互關系，有時還要結合關鍵詞，根據生活中的常識做出符合邏輯的分析與判斷[例]Youwillread:A)Colleagues.B)Employerandemployee.C)Husbandandwife.D)Motherandson.Youwillhear:W:John,whatareyoudoingonyourcomputer?Don'tyourememberyourpromise?M:Thisisnotagame.It'sonlyacrosswordpuzzlethathelpsincreasemyvocabulary.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?D)M:thefronttireisflatandtheseatneedstoberaised.W:whynottakeittoMr.Smith?Q:whatkindofworkdoesMr.Smithprobablydo?Hesellschairs.HeraisessheepHefixesbicyclesHe’sagardener(C)主要包括接受與拒絕、贊成與反對兩種。題型特點是對話中常常出現(xiàn)干擾信息，影響判斷。正確答題的關鍵是熟悉常用的句式，了解說話者表達的意思。考試中，須集中精力，更要揣摩、把握字里行間的意思，結合語音、語調、口氣等，了解說話者的否定意思，從而正確做答。其最常見的提問形式是：Whatdoestheman/womanmean?二、肯定與否定題型解題技巧

1.否定1）含否定語義的副詞和形容詞，如:hardly,barely,scarcely,rarely,little,seldom,

few等。（2）含否定語義的代詞和連詞，如：nobody,nothing,neither,nor等。（3）含否定語義的動詞、動詞詞組及介詞詞組，如：failto,miss,avoid,deny,

hate,stop,refuse,doubt,,instead

of,ratherthan等。5）含too...to的結構。6）強調否定句，句首的否定詞多數(shù)是never,little,rarely,并且句子必須倒裝，如：Never

before

have

I...,Littledidthey...,Rarelydowe...等。

(6)

注意縮寫形式的否定讀音，如：can’t

aren’t,don’t,hasn’t,weren’t,wasn’t等。2.肯定：

Yousaidit.

Youcansaythatagain.

Youaretellingme.

Youmay/mightwellsayso.

I'llsay.

Icouldn'tagreemore.

Youwillhear:W:Ican'tbeartheairpollutioninthiscityanymore.Itisgettingworseandworse.M:

Yousaidit.We'veneverhadsomanyfactoriesbefore.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

Youwillread

A)Theairpollutioniscausedbythedevelopmentofindustry.B)Thecitywaspoorbecausetherewasn'tmuchindustrythen.C)Thewoman'sexaggeratingtheseriousnessofthepollution.D)Hemightmovetoanothercityverysoon.A)難句總結形肯定意否定的句型形否定意肯定的句型（a）、形肯定意否定的句型1、I’dliketo／I’dloveto/IwishIcould,but…表否定，重點在but后面。2.I’msorry…這種句型是委婉的否定，其后一般接原因。

3.I’mafraid…一般表示委婉拒絕或與希望相反的事。

4、使用虛擬語氣的句子。

這些句子形式上是肯定的，但往往表達一種“本應該，本可以”的情緒，在一定的語言環(huán)境中表否定。如：couldhave,shouldhave…5.由一些特殊短語構成的句型。1)由形容詞last構成的特殊句型。2)anything

but句型。3)類似的還有far

from…out

of

the

question等等.如:--Canyoupossiblylendme＄10？—It’soutofthequestion．（不可能）outofquestion毫無疑問youwillread:

W:Lotsofpeopleenjoydancing,doyou?

M:Believeitornot,thatisthelastthingI’deverwanttodo.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

Eg.1.

Youwillhear:A)Hebelievesdancingisenjoyable.B)Hedefinitelydoesnotlikedancing.C)Headmiresthosewhodance.

D)Hewon'tdanceuntilhehasdonehiswork.B)W:Everybodyishelpingoutwithdinner.Wouldyoumakethesalad?M:

Anythingbutthat!Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Hedoesn’twantanydinnerHewilldoanythingtohelpHeprefersanotherjobHecan’teatsalad(C)Eg.2.W:Ican’tbelieveKarenislateforsuchimportantoccasionasjobinterview.Iremindedhertimeandagainyesterday.M:

Youshouldhaveknownherbetterbynow.Everythingyoutellhergoesinoneearandouttheother.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?Karenisveryforgetful.

B)HeknowsKarenbetternow.C)Karenissuretopasstheinterview.D)ThewomanshouldhaveremindedKarenearlier.A)Eg.3.

（b）、形否定意肯定的句型

1、Whydon’tyou／Whynot．．．？意思是“為什么不…呢？”，但它真正表達的是一個肯定概念，即“建議做某事”。

2、Doyoumind…？問句的回答用No，ofcoursenot．或者Notatall表示肯定答復.3、not．．．until．．．句型。此句型一般都應理解為“直到……才”，因此是肯定的。

4、not…more／better構成的特殊句型。

--Howisyourbusiness，Bob？—Saleshaveneverbeenbetter．

（意思是說生意相當不錯）5、Withoutadoubt；Don’tmentionit；意思是“沒問題”.如：—DoyouthinkwehavetoreviewthechapterofIndustrialRevolution？—Withoutadoubt，itwillbeontheexam．三、BUT題型解題技巧題型特征是第一說話人的內容無關緊要，第二說話人回答時，先用一個簡單的短句，然后是一個較長的句子，中間用but連接，But之后的部分多是補充說明或對理由的陳述,故應該仔細聽清but之后部分。Youwillhear:W:John,canyoutellmewhatinthebookinterestedyoumost?

M:No,well,nothingspecific,butIlikeitoverall.

Q;Whatdidthemanthinkofthebook?

.Youwillread:A)Heenjoyeditasawhole.B)Hedidn'tthinkmuchofit.C)Hedidn'tlikeitatall.D)Helikedsomepartsofit.A)W:HowdidPauldointherace?M:Well,hehadagoodstart,buthequicklyfellbehind.Q:Whatdidthemanmean?(t1.15)Hedidverywellintherace.Paulsuddenlyfelloffduringtherace.Hewasoneoftheslowerrunners.Paulfinisheddirectlybehindthequickestrunner.C)四、虛擬語氣題型解題技巧題型特點是對話者一方中含有表示虛擬語氣的條件句?？忌枰私馓摂M語氣的基本結構，通過時態(tài)了解對話中所包含的假設含義。Youwillhear:

M:Iwonderifyoufindmyexperiencerelevanttothejob?

W:Yes,certainly.Butifonlyyouhadsentinyourapplicationletteraweekearlier.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?Eg.1).Youwillread:A)Themanisnotsuitablefortheposition,B)Thejobhasbeengiventosomeoneelse.C)Shehadreceivedonlyoneapplicationletter.D)Theapplicationarrivedaweekearlierthanexpected.B)

Eg.2)Youwillread:A)

HeisnotveryenthusiasticabouthisEnglishlessons.

B)

HehasmadegreatprogressinhisEnglish.

C)

Heisastudentofthemusicdepartment.

D)

HeisnotveryinterestedinEnglishsongs.

Youwillhear:W:Mr.Jones,yourstudent,Bill,showsgreatenthusiasmformusicinstruments.M:

IonlywishheshowedhalfasmuchforhisEnglishlessons.

Q:WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutBill?A)Eg.3)Youwillread:A)Thewomanhastroublegettingalongwiththeprofessor.B)Thewomanregretshavingtakenupmuchoftheprofessor'stime.C)Thewomanknowstheprofessorhasbeenbusy.D)Thewomanknowstheprofessorhasrunintotrouble.Youwillhear:M:Prof.Kennedyhasbeenverybusythissemester.AsfarasIknow,heworksuntilmidnighteveryday.W:

Iwouldn'thavetroubledhimsomuchifIhadknownhewassobusy.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

B)Next五、建議與請求題型解題技巧M:I’vejustlockedmykeyinthecar.Nowwhat’llwedo?W:

Calmdown.Let’sjustsitdownandtrytofigurethingsout.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?(t1.46)LookingforthecarAddingsomenumbersTrytothinkofasolutionFindinganotherkey(C)M:Icouldreallyuseasmallcalculatorlikethatoneformystatisticshomework!W:

Whydon’tyougoinandseewhattheycosthere.Itlooksliketheyarehavingasale.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?FinishinghisstatisticshomeworkCheckthepriceofcalculatorsLookforajobinmathematicsUseasmallercalculator(B)題型特點是第一說話人引出話題，第二說話人以反問的口氣重復第一說話人的部分內容，然后以第二句話具體陳述自己的觀點與所持的態(tài)度。分析重復部分之后的語句的語氣、語調與口氣，結合原句進行推斷，能大大提高答題的準確率六、重復反問題型解題技巧Eg.1.M:Helpmewiththisstackofbooks,willyou,Jack?MHelpyou?DoyouthinkIworkhere?Q:WhatdoesJackmean?Heisn’tabletoworkHedoesn’twanttohelpHe’llhelpthemanlaterHe’dliketoworkhereB)Eg.2.W:Youstillhaveanhourtowait,sorelax.M:Relax?HowcanIwhenI’msoanxiousabouttheinterview?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Thewomanshouldn’tbesoanxiousHe’stoonervoustocalmdownThewomanshouldn’twaittobeinterviewedHe’salreadyanhourlateB)Eg.3.Youwillread:[A]GetsomechangefromJane.[B]Usethewoman’sphone.[C]Golookforapayphone.[D]Payforthephonecall.Youwillhear:M:Hi,Jane.Doyouhavesomechange?Ihavetomakeacallonthepayphone.W:Payphone?Whynotusemymobilephone？Hereyouare.Q:Whatwillthemanmostprobablydo?[B]七、言外之意題型解題技巧言外之意題型的特征是對話不難聽懂，但雙方的內容風牛馬不相及。第一說話人多使用標準的一般疑問句，按理說第二說話人應使用Yes或No來回答。然而，第二說話人的回答不僅不遵循此規(guī)則，而且其回答給人一種答非所問的感覺，使人難以迅速而準確地領會對話雙方的真正含義。實際上，二者所言關系密切，需要考生充分加以理解以便做出正確判斷。常見的提問形式為：Whatdoestheman/womanmean?Youwillhear:M:ThedoctorsaidifIkeptsmoking,Iwouldincreasemychancesofhavingaheartattack.W:Didhesuggestreducingweight,too?Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshouldalsodo?

Eg.1.

Youwillread:LoseweightB)Quitsmoking.C)Weighhimselffrequently.D)Haveatalkwiththedoctor.A)Youwillhear:

M:Doyouwanttoturnontheairconditioneroropenthewindow?W:Ilovefreshairifyoudon’tmind.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromthewoman’sanswer?

Eg.2.

Youwillread:

A)She'dliketohavethewindowsopen.B)Shelikestohavetheairconditioneron.C)Theairisheavilypolluted.D)Thewindowsarealreadyopen.A)Eg.3.

W:Areyoucomingwithmetothemuseum?M:Ialreadyhavemyhandsfullwiththisreport.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?HeistoobusytogoalongHemust