初中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)初中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)初中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考初中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)日期：20xx年X月被動語態(tài)語法專項講解與訓(xùn)練(一)語態(tài)分類：英語動詞分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 Tom(執(zhí))cleans(謂動)theroom(承)everyday. (主動)Theroom(承)iscleaned(謂動)byTom(執(zhí))everyday. (被動)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞done，即bedone，常譯為“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動關(guān)系。(二)被動語態(tài)的用法(1)動作的執(zhí)行者很明顯。這時往往不用by短語。Wordprocessingskillsaretaughtinourcomputerlessons.(2)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.(3)突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者。如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗戶是邁克打破的。(三)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化：通過助動詞be的各種時態(tài)變化來體現(xiàn)，done不變。注意主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。以do為例，掌握下列時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，形式變化如下：1．一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+done2．一般過去時：was/were+done3．一般將來時：shall/will+bedoneam/is/aregoingtobedone4．現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+been+done5．情態(tài)動詞：can/may/must/should/havetobedone以下時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)作一般了解：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is/are+being+done過去進(jìn)行時：was/were+being+done過去完成時：had+been+done過去將來時：should/would+bedone(四)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.執(zhí)行者動詞承受者→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.承受者謂語by+執(zhí)行者1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by短語可以省略。練習(xí)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.___________________________inthesouthofthecountry.2.一般過去時：NancyJacksondesignedtheCD-ROM.TheCD-ROM___________________________NancyJackson.3.一般將來時：Theywillholdthecharityshowintheschoolhall.Thecharityshow___________________________intheschoolhall.4.現(xiàn)在完成時：Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbook___________________________here.5．含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：Youmusthandinyourhomeworkafterclass.Yourhomework____________________________________afterclass.(五)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時所注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，先找原主動句中的動賓短語，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯誤)2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可說： Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如： bring,give,lend,offer,pass,show,teach,tell等。 (1)Thebookwasshowntotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：buy,cook,get,keep,make,order,play,sing等。 (1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3.由動詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：動詞+介詞，如:laughat,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout,workon等。動詞+副詞，如:sellout,findout,giveup,handin,workout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turnon,wakeup等。ThemostdifficultproblemwasworkedoutbyTom.Thesongisoftenlistenedtobygirls.4.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(keepsth.clean)→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(sthbekeptclean)(2)Shetoldusnottostayuplate.(tellsbnottodo…)→Weweretoldnottostayuplate.(sb.betoldnottodo…)注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都補上to。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.記住下列變化：seesbdo… beseentodohearsbdo…. beheardtodolistentosbdo belistenedtotodomakesbdo… bemadetodo5.有些動詞既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或使用性能，是不及物動詞，不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如： (1)Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2)Thenewcomputersellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。 (3)Theprinterprintsquickly.這個打印機打印很快。對比：Thebookssellwell.(主動句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動句)6.只有動賓結(jié)構(gòu)才有被動語態(tài)。下列情況的主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官連系動詞無被動意義，如：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell等。 (1)—Doyoulikethematerial—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,comeout,cometrue等。如： Theaccidenttookplacelastnight.誤：Theaccidentwastakenplacelastnight..第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,lie等。 Thesunhasalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhasalreadybeenrisen.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如： ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.7.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：據(jù)說……Itissaidthat…據(jù)報導(dǎo)……Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.眾所周知……ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.8.注意區(qū)別系表結(jié)構(gòu)（be+adj.）和被動語態(tài)。Hisglassesarebroken.(系表)Hisglasseswerebrokenbythecat.(被動)Thedoorisclosed.(系表) ThedoorwasclosedbyTom.(被動)Heissurprised.(系表) Hewassurprisedbythesnake.(被動)被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)（一）一、用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空。English_________(speak)themostwidelyintheworld.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.Thetown___________(call)Rugao.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.What_____aknife______(make)ofIt___________(make)ofmetalandwood.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.Theroom_____________(clean)byMumalready.Youdon’tneedtocleanit.Thesportsmeeting________________(hold)inaweek.Heishappythathisdream_______________(come)true.Thecinema_______________(build)in1985.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.______themagazine____________(cantake)outofthelibrary三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。

（1×30=30分）teagrowninSouthChina（改為主動語態(tài)）_______people_________teainSouthChinaamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Abirthdaypresent_______

_______

_______

_______bymyparentseveryyear．workisgoingtobefinished

intwodays.

(對劃線提問)How_______

_______theworkgoingtobefinished

4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動語態(tài))

AnEnglishsong______

______

_______bythechildren.

5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改為被動語態(tài))

It______

________

________byyounow.

6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動語態(tài))

Metal________

_________

_______makingmachines.

7.Hemademedothatforhim.(改為被動語態(tài))

I______

________

________

______thatforhim.

arewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch_______

_______

_______

bythem.theybuildabridgehereayearago(改為被動語態(tài))

__________abridge____________herebythemayearago？

havesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動語態(tài))

Thelightgreendresses________

_________

___________out.

callthegame“Lianliankan”.(改為被動語態(tài))Thegame_______

________“Lianliankan”byus.二.選擇題()anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear？

;built;bulit;build;build

()accident____onthisroadlastweek.

beenhappenedhappenedhappened

()____inthesoutheastofChina.growngrown

()far,themoon____bymanalready.visitedbevisitedbeenvisitedvisited

()talkonChinesehistory_____inthschoolhallnextweek.

givenbeengivenbegiven

()manytrees____thisyearplantedplantbeenplanted

()lotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

doingbeingdonebeendonebedone

()ofthem______inChina.mademademade

()!Anicepicture____forourteacher.drawingbeingdrawnbeendrawn

()shoes____.Youneedanewpair.outoutwornoutworn

()doctor_____foryet.'tsent'tbeensent'tbesent'tsent

()___thiskindofcomputers______--Lastyear.

;use;used;used;used

()GreatWall____allovertheworld.knownknown

()____insummer.bornbeenbornborn

()saysthatMrZhang_____tothefactorynextweek.

sentsendsentbesent

()_____thisbook_____;written;writtenby;written;written

()____showmehernewaskedtoaskedtoaskedto

()story_____byGrannyyesterday.toldustoldtoustoldusus

()monkeywasseen_____offthetree.jump

()schoolbag___behindthechair.beputbeputtedput()people____well.afterbelookedafterlookafterafter()teacher______carefully.belistenedtobelistenlistenedlistened被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)（二）一、把下列句子改寫成被動語態(tài)makemachinesinthatfactory.__________________________________bodylikesthissong.__________________________________doesn'tshowthestampstome.__________________________________don'tgrowriceinthewestofoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintheworkersbuildmanybuildings__________________________________Katesometimesbreakglasses__________________________________youalwayssendalettertoMrHu__________________________________doestheteacheroftentelltheboystodo_________________________manydesksdotheybuyeveryterm__________________________________soldthatkindofshoesinthisshoplasttoldusastorylastnight.__________________________________二.選擇題:()1.Greatchanges______inChina.A.arehappened

B.washappenedC.hashappened

D.havehappened()3.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld. A.knows B.knew C.isknown D.wasknown()4.Who______thisbook______ A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written()5.Astory______byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldus B.wastoldtous C.istoldus D.toldus()monkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump()7.Theschoolbag______behindthechair.A.puts B.canbeput C.beput D.canput()8.Olderpeople______well.A.looksafter B.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafter D.lookedafter()9.Doyouknowwhat____A.itcalls B.doesitcall