住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Workersinthefinearts（

）thoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmit

B.elaborate

C.convey

D.contribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)transmit表示“傳輸”；B項(xiàng)elaborate表示“精心制作，詳細(xì)描述”；C項(xiàng)convey表示“傳達(dá)”；D項(xiàng)contribute表示“貢獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句意可知，精細(xì)工藝的工人通過(guò)有創(chuàng)造性的作品來(lái)思想和感情。因此，本題選擇C項(xiàng)最符合句意。

2.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchworse

B.lesslikely

C.allelse

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】句意:據(jù)報(bào)道，如今越來(lái)越少的工人愿意一輩子從事一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的工作，更不用說(shuō)在一個(gè)公司了。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。muchworse更糟糕的是;lesslikely最不可能的是;allelse其他一切；letalone更不用說(shuō)。故D符合句意。

3.單選題

Smallasitis,theantisasmuchacreatureas（

）allotheranimalsonearth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.do

C.is

D.have

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法中的主謂一致。Smallasitis是一個(gè)倒裝句，是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為asitissmall，而theantisas...as...第二個(gè)as后是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語(yǔ)為allotheranimals，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為are。故本題正確答案為A。句意：螞蟻雖小，但它是和地球上其它動(dòng)物一樣的生物。

4.單選題

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow."Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,"saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaround5%ayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85%ofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwould'vehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension（）.

2.Iftheretiree'spensionislessthan$5,000,itiswiseofhimto（）.

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.askthecompanyforalump-sumpayout

B.requirehisformerbosstofigureoutthevalueofhispension

C.takethepensionwithhimandmakeaprofitoutofit

D.collectthepensionathisretirementplan'snormalretirementage

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.earnlessinterest

B.bebetteroilthanwithatraditionalpension

C.startinvestmentimmediately

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed

B.LeaveEarly,LoseBig

C.TheRetirementDilemma

D.TakethePensionwithYou

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlostbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow以及第二段Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.可知，如果你之前的工作有傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老金，那么退休之后你就得到一筆一定數(shù)目的養(yǎng)老金。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：如果退休人員的養(yǎng)老金賬戶不足5000美元，他怎么做會(huì)比較明智。根據(jù)原文第二段Ifit’slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000可知，如果少于5000美元，或者公司提供一次性支付，那么就會(huì)關(guān)閉養(yǎng)老金賬戶，把錢(qián)取出來(lái)做20年額投資，以8%的利率計(jì)算就是23000美元。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“拿著養(yǎng)老金（投資）賺取利潤(rùn)”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.可知，如果你有固定繳款計(jì)劃，而你提前退休了，那么問(wèn)題就出現(xiàn)了。你開(kāi)始把錢(qián)花在本可以賺取利息的投資項(xiàng)目上。后面舉例說(shuō)明：如果你在55歲時(shí)退休，然后開(kāi)始使用傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金，那么到65歲時(shí)，你的養(yǎng)老金只有你一直工作到65歲時(shí)的一半左右。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“賺得的利息變少”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：下列哪一項(xiàng)適合作為最后三段的小標(biāo)題？分析原文可知，文章最后三段主要講的是提前退休與養(yǎng)老金的關(guān)系，過(guò)早退休開(kāi)始使用養(yǎng)老金，會(huì)比工作到正常退休年齡損失大。因此，B選項(xiàng)“提前退休，損失巨大”最適合作為最后三段的標(biāo)題，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：下列哪一項(xiàng)表述不正確？選項(xiàng)B表示“如果一個(gè)人了解退休養(yǎng)老汁劃的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，那么提前退休是劃算的”明顯錯(cuò)誤，由最后一段可知，提前退休會(huì)造成養(yǎng)老金減少，所以提前退休損失很大。其余選項(xiàng)與原文表述均相符，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

ThisAfricancountryhasbeen（）bycivilwar,famineandfloodfordecades.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.afflicted

B.conflicted

C.despaired

D.inclined

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)afflict表示“折磨；使痛苦；使苦惱”；B選項(xiàng)conflict表示“沖突，矛盾；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)；斗爭(zhēng)”；C選項(xiàng)despair表示“絕望，喪失信心”；D選項(xiàng)incline表示“傾向于，有……傾向”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“civilwar,famineandflood（內(nèi)戰(zhàn)、饑荒和洪水）”可知，這個(gè)非洲國(guó)家一直飽受這些災(zāi)害折磨，故afflict最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.Ofallthebirdsonthesecliffs,theblack-leggedkittiwakegullisthebestsuitedfornestingonnarrowledges.Althoughitsnestinghabitsaresimilartothoseofgullsthatnestonflatground,thereareanumberofimportantdifferencesrelatedtothecliff-nestinghabit,

Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.Thisimmunityhasbeenfollowedbyarelaxationofthedefenses,andkittiwakesdonotreacttopredatorsnearlyasfiercelyasdoground-nestinggulls.AcolonyofBonaparte'sgullsrespondstotheappearanceofapredatoryherringgullbyflyingupasagroupwithaclamorofalarmcalls,followedbyconcertedmobbing,butkittiwakessimplyignoreherringgulfs,sincetheyposelittlethreattonestsoncliffs.Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest.Mostgullskeepthenestareaclearofdroppings,andremoveemptyeggshellsafterthechickshavehatched,sothatthelocationofthenestisnotgivenaway.Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous.

Ontheotherhand,nestingonanarrowledgehasitsownpeculiarproblems,andkittiwakebehaviorhasbecomeadaptedtoovercomethem.Thefemalekittiwakesitswhenmating,whereasothergullsstand,sothepairwillnotoverbalanceandfallofftheledge.Thenestisadeepcup,madeofmudorseaweed,toholdtheeggssafely,comparedwiththeshallowscrapeofothergulls,andthechicksareremarkablyimmobileuntilfullygrown.Theydonotrunfromtheirnestswhenapproached,andiftheyshouldcomeneartothecliffedge,theyinstinctivelyturnback.

1.Whataspectofthekittiwakegulldoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“immunity”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Whyisitdifficultforravenstostealthekittiwakes'eggs?

4.Theauthormentionsthateggshellslitterthenestsofkittiwakesinorderto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingbirdsconcealtheirnest?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itsdefensivebehavior

B.Itinteractionswithothergullspecies

C.Itsnestinghabits

D.Itsphysicaldifferencefromothergullspecies

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.distance

B.transition

C.protection

D.reminder

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thekittiwakescanseetheravensapproachingthenest.

B.Theravenscannotlandonthenarrowledgeswherekittiwakesnest.

C.Thekittiwakes'eggsaretoobigfortheravenstocarry.

D.Thefemalekittiwakesrarelyleavethenest.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.demonstratethatkittiwakesarenotconcernedaboutpredators

B.provehowbusykittiwakesareincaringfortheiroffspring

C.showasimilaritytoothertypesofgulls

D.illustratekittiwakes’lackofconcernfortheirchick

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bonaparte’sgulls

B.Atlanticpuffins

C.Kittiwakegulls

D.Northerngannets

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。分析文章內(nèi)容可知，第一段主要講不同于其它海鷗，三趾鷗習(xí)慣在峭壁上筑巢；第二段講三趾鷗在峭壁上筑巢的優(yōu)勢(shì)；最后一段講了三趾鷗如何適應(yīng)在峭壁上筑巢。由此可知，本文敘述的主要內(nèi)容是三趾鷗的筑巢習(xí)慣。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

詞匯題。

2.由原文第二段Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealegg可知，三趾鷗在在懸崖上筑巢的一大好處就是更安全，可以躲避無(wú)法攀登峭壁的狐貍和那些難以在陡峭巖石上立足的烏鴉和其他鷗類，防止鳥(niǎo)卵被偷走。因此，本題的正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第二段Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.可知，烏鴉無(wú)法偷走三趾鷗鳥(niǎo)卵的原因是它們難以在三趾鷗的巢邊落腳。因此，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous可知，三趾鷗會(huì)在巢邊排便，以保持巢內(nèi)干凈，但這種做法以及它們傾向于在鳥(niǎo)窩里亂丟蛋殼的行為，使得它們巢的位置非常顯眼。這里的描述是為和大多數(shù)海鷗作對(duì)比，說(shuō)明三趾鷗也不會(huì)試著去隱藏它們的巢（Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest）。根據(jù)上下文可知三趾鷗之所以這樣做是因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谇捅谏现脖仍诘孛嫔现哺袃?yōu)勢(shì)，無(wú)需在意捕獵者，因此本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。原文第二段中指出，三趾鷗對(duì)捕食者的反應(yīng)不像在地面筑巢的海鷗那么強(qiáng)烈。接著舉出了Bonaparte’sgulls的例子，說(shuō)明Bonaparte’sgulls和三趾鷗的筑巢習(xí)慣不同。大多數(shù)的海鷗在平地上筑巢，所以它們?cè)陔r鳥(niǎo)出生后會(huì)把蛋殼拿走，盡量不暴露鳥(niǎo)巢的位置。因此，可推測(cè)Bonaparte’sgulls也是這樣的習(xí)慣，所以才會(huì)暴露自己的位置。由此可知，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Inorderto（）therisingproductioncosts,thesubscriptionrateshavebeenincreased.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.addupto

B.lookupto

C.cutshort

D.keepupwith

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)addupto“合計(jì)達(dá)...，總共達(dá)...”；B選項(xiàng)lookupto“尊敬”；C選項(xiàng)cutshort“縮短，縮減”；D選項(xiàng)keepupwith“跟上，趕上”。句意：為了跟上不斷上漲的生產(chǎn)成本，訂閱費(fèi)已經(jīng)提高了。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchworse

B.letalone

C.allelse

D.lesslikely

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)muchworse“更糟糕的是...”；B選項(xiàng)letalone“更不用說(shuō)，聽(tīng)任，不打擾”；C選項(xiàng)allelse“其他所有”；D選項(xiàng)lesslikely“最不可能的”。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，如今越來(lái)越少的工人希望自己的職業(yè)生涯都在同一領(lǐng)域工作，更不用說(shuō)同一家公司了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Physicsis（

）tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alike

B.equivalent

C.likely

D.uniform

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。alike“相同的，相似的”；equivalent“相等的，相同的”；likely“可能的，預(yù)料的，有希望的”；uniform“一致的，統(tǒng)一的”。句意：物理學(xué)也相當(dāng)于一門(mén)科學(xué)，在歷史上這門(mén)科學(xué)被稱為自然哲學(xué)。根據(jù)Physics和science之間的邏輯關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，因此選B。

10.單選題

Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly.Wheneveryciviliancarryawideattack,thenevensoldierswhoarenotnormallytrigger-happymaybegoadedbyfearintoharminginnocentpeople.Itisimportanttorealizethatstoppingthesuicideattackerbeforehe(orshe)commitshisattackisnexttoimpossible;hewillcertainlytrytodetonatehisexplosivesassoonasasoldierapproaches.

TheIsraeliarmyhasbeenforcedtodealwithsuicideattackersoverthepast20yearsinsouthernLebanon,aswellasmorerecentlyintheWestBankandGazastrip.TheIsraeliexperiencehasshownthattheonlyhopeofcounteringthisphenomenonliesinthwartingtheattackbeforetheattackersetsoutonhismission.

Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.

Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem.

InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission.

However,iftheintelligenceneededtodothisislacking,itfallstodefensivemeasurestostoptheattack,oratleasttominimizethedamage.Roadblocks,check-points,andsurpriseinspectionscanhelpinlocatingthesuicideattackerandpreventinghimfromreachinghistarget.Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks,byavoidingtheconcentrationofsoldiersinoneplaceorhousingcommandcentersinmulti-storybuildings.

Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.Thussomeonewishingtosurrendershouldbecheckedfromadistancetoseethatheisnotcarryingexplosives.Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.Allservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationshouldbesubjecttostringentsecuritychecks.

Themilitaryshouldalsobeawareofthepossibilityofmultiplesuicideattacks,whereexplosivesaredetonatedinsequenceinordertotargetfirstrespondersortoovercomeconsecutiveobstaclesinthewayofpenetrationofaprotectedspace.

Thepossibilityofsuicideoperationsonthemodernbattlefieldcomplicatesthemilitarycampaign,andrequiresawholedifferentmindsetfromthatneededforconventionalwarfare.Soldiersmustbemadeawareoftherisksandbereadytochangetheircollectivebehaviorinaccordancewiththechangingcircumstances,withoutplayingintotheenemy’shandsbytargetingthecivilianpopulation.

1.Thesuicidebombercommitssuicideto（）.

2.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Inpreventingtheoccurrenceofsuicideattacks,counter-terroristoperationrequires（）.

4.Whoisoftenthefirsttargetedkillingforthecounter-terroristoperations?

5.Themilitarymaywalkstraightintothebombers’trapifthey（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.killhimself/herselfonly

B.revengeonthesoldiers

C.makethesoldiersseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly

D.killsomeinnocentpeopleoutofrage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesuicidebombersarewellorganized

B.thesuicidebombersoftenactaloneandnobodyhelpthem

C.mostofthesuicidebomberscommittheirattacksoutofcrazymotivation

D.mostofthesuicidebombersaretrainedinsouthernLebanon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onewithaccurateintelligence

B.onewiththemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisively

C.onewhohastakeneveryprecautionnottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesuicidebomber.

B.Thesuicidebomber’sleaders.

C.Thesurrender.

D.Thebombmaker.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.greettheonewhowishestosurrenderwithcarefulchecks

B.arealertallthetime

C.allowvehiclestoenterdirectlyintoamilitarybaseorcheckpoint

D.putallservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationunderstringentsecuritychecks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊者的最終目標(biāo)是迫使被襲擊的士兵做出反應(yīng)，讓他們把周?chē)钠矫褚暈闈撛诘臄橙?，并做出相?yīng)的反應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)表示“只是自殺”；B項(xiàng)表示“報(bào)復(fù)士兵”；D項(xiàng)表示“出于泄憤而殺害一些無(wú)辜的人”，都與原文不符。因此，只有C項(xiàng)“讓士兵把周?chē)钠矫褚暈闈撛诘臄橙瞬⑾鄳?yīng)地做出反應(yīng)”符合原文表述，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊不是出于憤怒而單獨(dú)行動(dòng)的“瘋狂”行為。相反，他只是由招聘者、情報(bào)收集員、炸彈制造者和訓(xùn)練人員構(gòu)成的操作團(tuán)體的冰山一角。由此可推測(cè)，自殺式炸彈襲擊者組織有序，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)表示“自殺炸彈襲擊者經(jīng)常單獨(dú)行動(dòng)且沒(méi)人幫他們”；C項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)自殺炸彈襲擊者出于瘋狂的動(dòng)機(jī)而進(jìn)行襲擊”；D項(xiàng)表示“大多數(shù)自殺式炸彈襲擊者在黎巴嫩南部參加訓(xùn)練”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段“Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem”可知，假如國(guó)家有準(zhǔn)確的情報(bào)和軍事能力對(duì)與自殺式炸彈襲擊相關(guān)的人員采取果斷的行動(dòng)，那么這些相關(guān)人員就易受反恐行動(dòng)的攻擊。故A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家有準(zhǔn)確的情報(bào)”和B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家有果斷行動(dòng)的軍事能力”均正確。根據(jù)原文第六段“Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks”可知，一定要采取防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標(biāo)，故C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家已采取所有可能的防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標(biāo)”表述正確，因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)“以上選項(xiàng)均正確”。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第五段“InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission”可知，在以色列，此類反恐行動(dòng)通常采取“定點(diǎn)清除”形式，打擊那些將自殺式炸彈襲擊者送上戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的人，故B項(xiàng)“自殺炸彈襲擊者的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“自殺炸彈襲擊者”；C項(xiàng)“投降者”：D項(xiàng)“炸彈制造者”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三段“Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.…Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.”可知，在應(yīng)對(duì)平民時(shí)，一定要考慮陷阱。應(yīng)該阻止車(chē)輛直接進(jìn)入軍事基地或檢查站，故C項(xiàng)表述符合題干要求。A項(xiàng)“迎接在仔細(xì)檢查下想要投降的人”；B項(xiàng)“一直是警惕的”；D項(xiàng)“對(duì)本地居民提供的所有服務(wù)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的安全檢查”。

11.單選題

Doctorsbelievethatsecondhandsmokemaycauselungcancerinpeoplewhodonotsmoke.Nonsmokersoftenbreatheinthesmokefromotherpeople'scigarettes.Thisissecondhandsmoke.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyreportsthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmericaeachyearasaresultofexposuretosecondhandsmoke.

Thesmokethatcomesfromalitcigarettecontainsmanydifferentpoisonouschemicals.Inthepast,scientistsdidnotthinkthatthesechemicalsharmanonsmoker'shealth.Recently,though,scientistsexpressedtheiropinionaftertheystudiedalargegroupofnonsmokers.Theydiscoveredthatevennonsmokershadunhealthyamountsofthesetoxicchemicalsintheirbodies.Asamatteroffact,almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot.Forexample,wecannotavoidsecondhandsmokeinrestaurants,hotels,andotherpublicplaces.Eventhoughmanypublicplaceshavenonsmokingareas,smokeflowsinfromtheareaswheresmokingispermitted.

Itisevenharderforchildrentoavoidsecondhandsmoke.InAmerica,ninemillionchildrenundertheageoffiveliveinhomeswithatleastonesmoker.Researchshowsthatthesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes.Thedamagingeffectsofsecondhandsmokeonchildrenalsocontinueastheygrowup.Thechildrenofsmokersaremorethantwiceaslikelytodeveloplungcancerwhentheyareadultsasthechildrenofnonsmokers.Theriskisevenhigherforthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherebothparentssmoke.

1.Itcanbeinferredthataboutfifty-threethousandpeopledieinAmerican（

）.

2.Non-smokersgetharmedbysmokers

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasanegativeeffectimposedbysecondhandsmokingonchildren?

5.Whichgroupofchildrensufferfromsecondhandsmokingtothegreatestextent?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofsmoking

B.thoughtheydon'tsmoke

C.becausetheirparentssmoke

D.thoughtheirparentsdon'tsmoke

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofthepoisonoussmoketheybreathein

B.iftheylivetogether

C.whenthereisnonon-smokingareainthepublicutilities

D.thoughthepoisonouschemicalscontainedinthesmokedon'tharmthem

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Non-smokersmaybepassivelyinvolvedinsecondhandsmoking.

B.Somenon-smokersmaydieoflungcancerbecauseofsecondhandsmoking.

C.Weall,moreorless,sufferfromsecondhandsmoking.

D.Secondhandsmokingisevenmoreharmfulthansmokingitself.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaremorelikelytobesick.

B.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopmentaldisease.

C.Theytendtohavethebadaffectastheygrowup.

D.Theyaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancer.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithnosmokers.

B.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithoneparentsmoking.

C.Childrenundertheageoffivelivinginhomeswithtwoparentssmoking.

D.Childrenundertheageoffivelivingawayfromtheirparents.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干要求推斷美國(guó)53,000人死亡的原因。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞fifty-threethousand定位到文章第一段最后一句可知，這些人的死因是由于exposuretosecondhandsmoke，即“暴露于二手煙中”，由此可以推斷死亡者本人不抽煙，故B項(xiàng)“盡管他們不吸煙”正確。而A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙”和C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊母改肝鼰煛泵黠@錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“盡管他們的父母不抽煙”屬于過(guò)度推斷。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干Non-smokers可定位到原文第二段第四句，再根據(jù)下一句...almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，不管我們有沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，我們幾乎都吸入煙草的煙，所以非吸煙者身體受損的原因是“因?yàn)樗麄兾胗卸镜臒煛?，故A項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)原文沒(méi)有提及，C選項(xiàng)與第二段最后一句不符，故排除；D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)第二段第三句“甚至非吸煙者身體內(nèi)有過(guò)量的這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)”可以排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干要求找出錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“非吸煙者也許會(huì)被動(dòng)吸入二手煙”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可判斷正確；根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知非吸煙者可能死于二手煙，所以B選項(xiàng)“有些非吸煙者可能因?yàn)槲譄煻烙诜伟闭_；根據(jù)第二段almostallofusbreathetobaccosmokeattimes,whetherwerealizeitornot可知，C選項(xiàng)“我們都多多少少遭受二手煙的痛苦”正確；D選項(xiàng)“二手煙比抽煙本身傷害更大”在原文中并未提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此本題答案為D項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干要求判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)不是二手煙對(duì)孩子的消極影響。根據(jù)題干定位至原文最后一段。由thesechildrenaresickmoreoftenthanthechildrenwholiveinhomeswherenoonesmokes可知，這些孩子比家里沒(méi)有人吸煙的更容易生病，故A選項(xiàng)正確，可排除；B選項(xiàng)“他們更可能患心理疾病”在原文中并未提及。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三句可知，C選項(xiàng)“孩子們長(zhǎng)大了也會(huì)受二手煙的影響”正確，可排除。根據(jù)原文最后一句“父母吸煙的孩子長(zhǎng)大后患肺癌的概率是父母不吸煙的孩子的兩倍多”可知，D選項(xiàng)“一些非吸煙者可能由于二手煙死于肺癌”正確，可排除。故本題正確答案為B。

5.推理判斷題。題干要求判斷以下那種孩子受二手煙的傷害最大。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞children定位至最后一段可知，“父母都抽煙的孩子患肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高”。A選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在無(wú)人抽煙的家庭的孩子”；B選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在父親或母親一方抽煙的家庭的孩子”；C選項(xiàng)為“5歲以下生活在父母都抽煙的家庭的孩子”；D選項(xiàng)“5歲以下不和父母一起生活的孩子”。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.Itcanexistbetweentwoanimals,betweentwoplants,orbetweenaplantandananimal.Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes,whileinmutualismbothpartnersliveonagive-and-takebasis.

IntheAfricanwilds,thezebraandtheostrichenjoyasymbioticrelationshipthatenhancestheabilityoftheselargelandanimalstosurvive.Bothserveaspreyforthelion,andneitherhasthecapabilityalonetowithstandanattackfromthisfiercehunter.However,whenthezebraandtheostrichcollaborateintheirdefensebyalertingeachothertopossibledangerfromanapproachingpredator,thelionisrarelyabletocapturemorethantheoldestorfeeblestoftheherd.Thecomplementaryphysicalstrengthsandweaknessesoftheostrichandthezebraallowthemtoworkincoordinationtoavoidsuccumbingtothelion.Theostrich,thelargestflightlessbirdintheworld,possessesgreatspeedandkeeneyesight,whichenableittospotlargepredatoryanimalslongbeforetheyareabletopositionthemselvestoattack.Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.Whenostrichesandzebraintermixforgrazing,eachanimalbenefitsfromtheabilityoftheothertodetectapproachingdanger.Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.

1.Choosethedrawingthatdescribesacommensaliststate.

2.Thedifferencebetweenmutualismandcommensalismisthat（）.

3.Inparagraph2,theWord"that"refersto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdrawingdescribeswhathappenswhenalionapproachesazebraandanostrich?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.commensalismisatwo-sidedstate.

B.thepartnersliveonagive-and-takebasisinmutualism.

C.thehostgiveswhiletheguesttakesinmutualism.

D.mutualismoccursbetweentwosimilarorganisms;however,commensalism,twounlikeorganisms.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.runningspeed

B.strength

C.weakness

D.eyesight

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

D.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thezebraoftenoffersmorehelpthantheostrichtodetecttheattackofthelion.

B.thezebraandtheostricharecomplementaryintheirabilitiesofavoidingbeingattackedby

C.boththezebraandtheostrichpossessgreatspeedandkeeneyesight.

D.withgreatspeed,thezebraandtheostrichrunfasterthananypredator.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes…”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)并不相同，因?yàn)槠采且环N單向狀態(tài)，即宿主給予，寄生物索取。由此可知B項(xiàng)“宿主→寄生物”表述正確，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)哪一項(xiàng)符合互利共生和偏利共生的區(qū)別。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.”可知，互利共生是一種共生關(guān)系，當(dāng)兩個(gè)不同的有機(jī)體生活在一種互惠的狀態(tài)時(shí)就會(huì)發(fā)生。根據(jù)后文敘述的“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes...”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)是不同的，偏利共生是一種單向的狀態(tài)，即宿主給予而寄生物索取。由此可知A項(xiàng)“偏利共生是一種雙向狀態(tài)”表述錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“靠彼此相互給予和索取合伙共生”表述正確；C項(xiàng)“在互利共生中，宿主給予而寄生物索取”表述錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“互利共生發(fā)生在兩種類似的生物之間，而偏利共生卻發(fā)生于兩種不同的生物之間”與原文不符。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.”可知，斑馬的奔跑速度與鴕鳥(niǎo)相當(dāng)，聽(tīng)覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)都很好，但缺乏鴕鳥(niǎo)敏銳的視力。由此可知這里的that指代“runningspeed（奔跑速度）”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)strength表示“力量”；C項(xiàng)weakness表示“弱點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)eyesight表示“視力”。

4.理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.”可知，如果兩者（即斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo)）中任一種動(dòng)物覺(jué)察到危險(xiǎn)，那么兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺(jué)起來(lái)并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段可知，斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo)屬于互利共生的關(guān)系，它們都是獅子的獵物，都沒(méi)有能力獨(dú)自抵抗獅子的攻擊，所以它們要進(jìn)行協(xié)同防御，提醒對(duì)方可能有危險(xiǎn)。如果兩者中任一種動(dòng)物覺(jué)察到危險(xiǎn)，那么這兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺(jué)起來(lái)并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。由此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo)在躲避攻擊的能力上是互補(bǔ)的”表述正確。而A項(xiàng)“在發(fā)現(xiàn)獅子的攻擊時(shí)，斑馬往往比鴕鳥(niǎo)提供更多的幫助”；C項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo)都有極快的速度和敏銳的視力”以及D項(xiàng)“由于有非?？斓乃俣?，斑馬和鴕鳥(niǎo)跑得比任何食肉動(dòng)物都快”均與原文不符，可排除。

13.單選題

Thefamousscientistwassoeasy-goingand（）thatcollegestudentslikedtotalkwithhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.graceful

B.gracious

C.grim

D.glorious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析