2022年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國乙卷）文科數學注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號框涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標號框，回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。一、選擇題：本題共12小題，每小題5分，共60分。在每小題給出的四個選項中，只有一項是符合題目要求的。1．集合，則（）A．B．C．D．2．設，其中為實數，則（）A．B．C．D．3．已知向量，則（）A．2B．3C．4D．54．分別統(tǒng)計了甲、乙兩位同學16周的各周課外體育運動時長（單位：h），得如下莖葉圖：則下列結論中錯誤的是（）A．甲同學周課外體育運動時長的樣本中位數為7.4B．乙同學周課外體育運動時長的樣本平均數大于8C．甲同學周課外體育運動時長大于8的概率的估計值大于0.4D．乙同學周課外體育運動時長大于8的概率的估計值大于0.65．若x，y滿足約束條件則的最大值是（）A．B．4C．8D．126．設F為拋物線的焦點，點A在C上，點，若，則（）A．2B．C．3D．7．執(zhí)行右邊的程序框圖，輸出的（）A．3B．4C．5D．68．右圖是下列四個函數中的某個函數在區(qū)間的大致圖像，則該函數是（）A．B．C．D．9．在正方體中，分別為的中點，則（）A．平面平面B．平面平面C．平面平面D．平面平面10．已知等比數列的前3項和為168，，則（）A．14B．12C．6D．311．函數在區(qū)間的最小值、最大值分別為（）A．B．C．D．12．已知球O的半徑為1，四棱錐的頂點為O，底面的四個頂點均在球O的球面上，則當該四棱錐的體積最大時，其高為（）A．B．C．D．二、填空題：本題共4小題，每小題5分，共20分．13．記為等差數列的前n項和．若，則公差_______．14．從甲、乙等5名同學中隨機選3名參加社區(qū)服務工作，則甲、乙都入選的概率為________．15．過四點中的三點的一個圓的方程為______．16．若是奇函數，則_____，______．三、解答題：共70分。解答應寫出文字說明、證明過程或演算步驟。第17~21題為必考題，每個試題考生都必須作答。第22、23題為選考題，考生根據要求作答。（一）必考題：共60分．17．（12分）記的內角A，B，C的對邊分別為a，b，c﹐已知．（1）若，求C；（2）證明：18．（12分）如圖，四面體中，，E為AC的中點．（1）證明：平面平面ACD；（2）設，點F在BD上，當的面積最小時，求三棱錐的體積．19．（12分）某地經過多年的環(huán)境治理，已將荒山改造成了綠水青山．為估計一林區(qū)某種樹木的總材積量，隨機選取了10棵這種樹木，測量每棵樹的根部橫截面積（單位：）和材積量（單位：），得到如下數據：樣本號i12345678910總和根部橫截面積0.040.060.040.080.080.050.050.070.070.060.6材積量0.250.400.220.540.510.340.360.460.420.403.9并計算得，，．（1）估計該林區(qū)這種樹木平均一棵的根部橫截面積與平均一棵的材積量；（2）求該林區(qū)這種樹木的根部橫截面積與材積量的樣本相關系數（精確到0.01）；（3）現(xiàn)測量了該林區(qū)所有這種樹木的根部橫截面積，并得到所有這種樹木的根部橫截面積總和為．已知樹木的材積量與其根部橫截面積近似成正比．利用以上數據給出該林區(qū)這種樹木的總材積量的估計值．附：相關系數，．20．（12分）己知函數．（1）當時，求的最大值；（2）若恰有一個零點，求a的取值范圍．21．（12分）已知橢圓E的中心為坐標原點，對稱軸為x軸、y軸，且過兩點．（1）求E的方程；（2）設過點的直線交E于M，N兩點，過M且平行于x軸的直線與線段交于點T，點H滿足，證明：直線過定點．（二）選考題：共10分．請考生在第22、23題中選定一題作答，并用2B鉛筆在答題卡上將所選題目對應的題號方框涂黑．按所涂題號進行評分，不涂、多涂均按所答第一題評分；多答按所答第一題評分。22．[選修4—4：坐標系與參數方程]（10分）在直角坐標系中，曲線C的參數方程（t為參數）．以坐標原點為極點，x軸正半軸為極軸建立極坐標系，已知直線l的極坐標方程為．（1）寫出l的直角坐標方程；（2）若l與C有公共點，求m的取值范圍．23．[選修4—5：不等式選講]（10分）已知a，b，c都是正數，且，證明：（1）；（2）．2020年全國統(tǒng)一高考英語試卷（新課標Ⅲ)學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________1．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inasupermarket. B．Inthepostoffice. C．Inthestreet.【答案】C【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。2．0WhatdidCarldo?A．Hedesignedamedal. B．HefixedaTVset. C．Hetookatest.【答案】B【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題。解析略。3．0Whatdoesthemando?A．He’satailor. B．He’sawaiter. C．He’sashopassistant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。4．0Whenwilltheflightarrive?A．At18:20. B．At18:35. C．At18:50.【答案】C【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。5．0Howcanthemanimprovehisarticle?A．Bydeletingunnecessarywords.B．Byaddingacoupleofpoints.C．Bycorrectinggrammarmistakes.【答案】A【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。06．WhatdoesBilloftendoonFridaynight?A．Visithisparents. B．Gotothemovies. C．WalkalongBroadway.7．Whowatchesmusicalplaysmostoften?A．Bill. B．Aarah. C．Bill’sparents.【答案】6．B7．B【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。08．WhydoesDavidwanttospeaktoMike?A．Toinvitehimtoaparty.B．Todiscussaschedule.C．Tocalloffameeting.9．Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?A．Theyarecolleagues.B．Theyareclosefriends.C．They’venevermetbefore.【答案】8．C9．C【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。010．Whatkindofcameradoesthemanwant?A．ATVcamera.B．Avideocamera.C．Amoviecamera.11．Whichfunctionisthemanmostinterestedin?A．Underwaterfilming.B．Alargememory.C．Auto-focus.12．Howmuchwouldthemanpayforthesecondcamera?A．950euros.B．650euros.C．470euros.【答案】10．B11．A12．C【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。013．WhoisClifford?A．Alittlegirl.B．Theman’spet.C．Afictionalcharacter.14．WhosuggestedthatNormanpaintforchildren’sbooks?A．Hiswife.B．Elizabeth.C．Apublisher.15．WhatisNorman’sstorybasedon?A．Abook.B．Apainting.C．Ayoungwoman.16．WhatisitthatshockedNorman?A．Hisunexpectedsuccess.B．Hiseffortsmadeinvain.C．Hiseditor’sdisagreement.【答案】13．C14．A15．B16．A【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17．Whowouldliketomakesmalltalkaccordingtothespeaker?A．Relatives.B．Strangers.C．Visitors.18．Whydopeoplehavesmalltalk?A．Toexpressopinions.B．Toavoidarguments.C．Toshowfriendliness.19．Whichofthefollowingisafrequenttopicinsmalltalk?A．Politics.B．Movies.C．Salaries.20．Whatdoesthespeakerrecommendattheendofhislecture?A．Askingopen-endedquestions.B．Feelingfreetochangetopics.C．Makingsmalltalkinteresting.【答案】17．B18．C19．B20．A【解析】【原文】本題為聽力題，解析略。JourneyBackinTimewithScholarsClassicalProvence(13days)JourneythroughthebeautifulcountrysideofProvence，F(xiàn)rance，withProf.OriZ.Soltes.Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.OurtouralsoincludesachancetowalkinthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.Fieldsofflowers,tile-roofed(瓦屋頂)villagesandtastymealsenrichthiswonderfulexperience.SouthernSpain(15days)Spainhaslovelywhitetownsandthescent(芳香)oforanges，butitisalsoatreasuryofancientremainsincludingthecitiesleftbytheGreeks，RomansandArabs.AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessiertohistoricToledo，RomanMeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.China’sSacredLandscapes(21days)DiscovertheChinaof”pastages，itswalledcities，templesandmountainscenerywithProf.RobertThorp.Highlights(精彩之處)includeChina’smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzbou’srollinghills，waterwaysandpeacefultemples.WewillwanderintraditionalsmalltownsandendourtourwithanexceptionalmuseuminShanghai.Tunisia(17days)JoinProf.PedarFossonourin-depthTunisiantour.TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga，theundergroundNumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTataouineandMatmata，uiqueforundergroundcities.OurjourneytakesustopicturesqueBerbervillagesandlovelybeaches.21．WhatcanvisitorsseeinbothClassicalProvenceandSouthernSpain？A．Historicalmonuments. B．Fieldsofflowers.C．VanGogh’spaintings. D．Greekbuildings.22．WhichcountryisProf.Thorpmostknowledgeableabout？A．France. B．Spain. C．China. D．Tunisia.23．WhichofthefollowinghighlighttheTunisiantour？A．Whitetowns. B．Undergroundcities. C．Tile-roofedvillages. D．Rollinghills.【答案】21．A22．C23．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個國家中，那些可以讓人們回顧過去的著名景點。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據第一部分的Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.(我們將參觀一些世界上保存最完好的羅馬建筑遺跡)和第二部分的weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.(我們探索歷史遺跡和建筑)可知，在ClassicalProvence和SouthernSpain游客們可以參觀歷史遺跡。A.Historicalmonuments（歷史遺跡）符合以上說法，故選A項。22．推理判斷題。根據第三部分的China'sSacredLandscapes(21days)(中華神山21天)和DiscovertheChinaof''pastages'',itswalledcities,templesandmountainscenerywithProfRobertThorp.HighlightsincludeChina'smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzhou'srollinghills,waterwaysandpeacefultemples(和Robert教授一起發(fā)現(xiàn)中國的過去，有墻的城市、寺廟和山景。精彩之處包括中國最神圣的泰山之巔，杭州起伏的群山、運河和寧靜的寺廟)可知，去中國的神山之行總共有27天，而且Thorp對中國的名山非常了解。由此推測Thorp在這四個國家里最了解中國。C.China(中國)符合以上說法，故選C項。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據第四部分的TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga,theundergroundMumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTaraounineandMatmata,uniqueforundergroundcities.(突尼斯的旅游亮點包括羅馬城市Dougga，地下城市Mumidian,它是BullaRegia的首府，RomanSbeitla以及在Taraounine和Matmata附近的區(qū)域，它們是獨特的地下城市)可知，突尼斯的旅游亮點是地下城市。B.Undergroundcities(地下城市)符合以上說法，故選B項。When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!”Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(動作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”“TheHangoverPartⅡ”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.24．WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?A．Toseefamousfilmstars.B．Toopposewearingfurcoats.C．Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.D．Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.25．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B．Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C．Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D．Theperformanceofrealapes.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Listingcompletely.B．Directingprofessionally.C．Promotingsuccessfully.D．Watchingcarefully.27．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A．Theymaybebadlytreated.B．Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C．TheycouldbetradedillegallyD．Theywouldlosepopularity.【答案】24．D25．B26．D27．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了電影“猩球崛起”上個月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時，沒有使用真的類人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動物拍攝使用的是數字化人猿的創(chuàng)造技術，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個非盈利的組織密切關注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監(jiān)測到的。24．細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動人士來到現(xiàn)場，手里拿著一塊牌子，稱贊電影制作人:“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動物保護者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項。25．主旨大意題。根據第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(動作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).”可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團隊利用動作捕捉技術創(chuàng)造數字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的技術上，花費數千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產生最終的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是關于數字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B項。26．詞句猜測題。根據第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment”（一個非營利組織，監(jiān)控動物在電影娛樂中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.（許多電影,包括“大象的眼淚”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理員”,引起了動物保護人士的憤怒，他們說影片中的動物沒有遭到很好的對待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動物待遇的非營利組織，今年正密切關注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“密切關注”。故選D項。27．推理判斷題。根據最后一段Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.”（在某些情況下，讓活動人士擔心的并不是電影棚里對動物的待遇;讓人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。還有一些關于在美國以外拍攝的電影的問題，這些電影有時不像在美國拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴密的監(jiān)控。）可知，在某些情況下，讓活動人士擔心的并不是工作室里動物的待遇;令人擔憂的是訓練和生活條件。由此判斷出動物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項。Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.28．WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A．Nick. B．Rita. C．Kathryn D．Thedaughters.29．WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A．Positive. B．Carefree. C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.30．Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A．Familytraditions. B．Financialreports. C．Publishedstatistics. D．Publicopinions.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B．Conflictsbetweengenerations.C．AhousingprobleminBritain. D．ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】28．B29．A30．C31．D【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了在英國，由于年輕人負擔不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥室和客廳。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托爾的維多利亞式住宅中使用一樓。故選B項。29．推理判斷題。根據第五段“AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“從我的角度來看，一切都很順利。我推薦它嗎?是的，我想我會推薦在一起居住的?！庇纱伺袛喑?，尼克對和和岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項。30．細節(jié)理解題。根據第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方報告顯示，三代同堂的家庭數量從2002年的32.5萬戶增加到2013年的41.9萬戶。根據第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.”可知，據說，25-34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。據估計，英國多代同堂的家庭總數約為180萬。由此可知，作者關于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計數據。故選C項。31．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年輕人負擔不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關于英國生活方式的一種上升趨勢。故選D項。Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突變)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC．Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.32．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A．Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers. B．Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C．Recentfindingsofhumanorigin. D．Significanceoffoodselection.33．WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A．Invalleys. B．Nearrivers. C．Onthebeach. D．Offthecoast.34．WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A．Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday. B．Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C．Theycouldstaylongunderwater. D．Theylivedonbothlandandwater.35．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea B．Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC．BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch D．TheWorld’sBestDivers【答案】32．B33．D34．C35．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。最近一項對人類基因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類的進化不僅僅發(fā)生在數十億年前，而且最近幾千年也有。Bajau人因為靠海為生，他們的身體已經進化成更能適應海洋生活。32．推理判斷題。根據第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.(我們是進化的產物，而且不僅僅是數十億年前的產物。當科學家更深入的研究我們的基因時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類在過去幾千年進化的例子)可知，作者列舉第一段的例子是為了告訴我們關于人類進化的一個新信息，那就是人類在最近幾千年也在進化。B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.(人類進化的新知識)符合以上說法，故選B項。33．細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinhundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstiltsincoastalwaters.(這些人被稱為Bajau，在印度尼西亞、馬來西亞和菲律賓有數十萬人。他們一直住在船屋上；最近他們也把房子建在沿海水域的吊腳樓上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海區(qū)域。D.Offthecoast.(沿海)符合以上說法，故選D項。34．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders.(我們很驚訝，他們在水下待的時間比我們當地的島民要長的多)可知，讓Jubilado感到吃驚的是Bajau人能在水下待更長的時間。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.(他們能在水下待很長時間)符合以上說法，故選C項。35．主旨大意題。根據文章的主要內容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四，在《細胞》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章中，一群研究人員報道了一種新的適應——不是空氣也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要講述了一種新的進化，即長期生活在海邊，靠海為生的生活方式，讓Bajau人的身體進化成更適應海洋生活。A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea.(身體為適應海洋生活而重塑)可以作為本文標題，故選A項。Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowsthepanty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.36．Anditisgoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.37．Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalorstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn’taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.38．Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.39．Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactuallybringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.40．Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon’tusefirestokeepwarm.A．Thisisn’tusualthough.B．Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C．Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D．Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.【答案】36．E37．B38．C39．A40．G【解析】【分析】本文是說明文，介紹了喬遷聚會的目的，禮物的選取，活動安排和名稱的由來。36．上句Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.(這個聚會是朋友和家人祝賀新家的機會)。介紹慶祝喬遷之喜的聚會是親戚朋友祝賀搬新家的人的一次機會，下句Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.(現(xiàn)在是時候用愛和希望的禮物來填補新家了)。介紹這也是給新家裝滿愛和希望禮物的好時機。E項：它也給了人們一次看看新家什么樣的機會。與上下句并列，都是慶祝喬遷之喜聚會的目的，故選E。37．下文Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.和likeapieceofartoraplant.列舉了參加聚會所帶禮物的清單，可以是廚房工具、窗簾、藝術品或綠植。這些都和參加聚會帶禮物有關，B項：帶禮物去參加喬遷派對是一種傳統(tǒng)，概括了本段內容，引出下文，故選B。38．本段介紹了聚會的活動安排，根據后文Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.(這一點通常是值得贊賞的，因為在喬遷派對上不會提供很多食物)。指出因為新搬家，所以主人不會準備太豐盛的食物或太多的活動。那么本句是在建議你可以帶上自己的食物或飲料與其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不會準備太豐盛的食物或太多的活動。C項：你也可以帶上食物或飲料與其他客人分享。故選C。39．本段提到在喬遷聚會上人們會聚餐，主人帶領客人參觀新家。上句提到，由于喬遷聚會是在搬進新家后不久舉行的，人們可能會被要求幫助打開箱子。根據常識可知在喬遷聚會上讓客人們幫忙干活是不常見的，A項：但這并不常見。表達了此意，與上文銜接，故選A。40．上句介紹了喬遷聚會名稱的由來，根據bringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.可知人們會帶柴火作為禮物，那么本空承接上文說明了帶柴火的目的和作用。G項：這樣人們就可以在冬天的時候保持家里溫暖。符合語境。故選G。Assbusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,41canalsodriveyoumad.They’llcomerushingin,42theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll43thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createhavoe(混亂)andthen44ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.They’llhaveouthalfthe45intheshop,andwanttheonlystyleyoudon’thaveleftina46colour.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeep47.Irememberthefirstreally48customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas.49absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrather50thatshebecamea“regular”.Afterawhile,she51forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflat52,andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuchtocopewith(應對),she’dtakenitouton53people.Thattaughtmeavaluable54andIpassitontothepeoplewho55inthemarket.Don’ttakeit56.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink“Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild’snot57.”Alwayswateritdownanddon’tletyourego(自我)get58.Ifyoudo,youwon’beableto59itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat60everyone’sday.41．A．shopkeepers B．customers C．salespersons D．receptionists42．A．saying B．pretending C．guessing D．replying43．A．agree B．promise C．imagine D．swear44．A．forget B．decide C．discover D．assume45．A．foods B．catalogues C．belongings D．goods46．A．particular B．different C．matching D．natural47．A．fighting B．smiling C．waiting D．changing48．A．generous B．polite C．careless D．difficult49．A．curiousabout B．displeasedwith C．patientwith D．uncertainabout50．A．relaxed B．delighted C．surprised D．embarrassed51．A．searched B．argued C．prayed D．apologized52．A．bychance B．byherself C．onpurpose D．onduty53．A．rude B．such C．other D．lonely54．A．lesson B．trick C．skill D．trade55．A．work B．shop C．meet D．quarrel56．A．kindly B．secretly C．personally D．casually57．A．ready B．away C．up D．well58．A．outofsight B．intheway C．behindthescene D．abovethelaw59．A．stress B．expect C．handle D．blame60．A．ruins B．makes C．starts D．saves【答案】41．B42．A43．D44．C45．D46．A47．B48．D49．B50．C51．D52．B53．C54．A55．A56．C57．D58．B59．C60．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者是一位生意人，遇到過各種各樣讓人抓狂的顧客，而有一個難纏的顧客，一開始對每件事都不滿意，結果居然成了?？?。最后顧客告訴作者，是因為自己和丈夫分居了，于是把氣撒到其他人身上，這讓作者學到了寶貴的一課，那就是要學會淡化和難纏顧客之間的矛盾，不然當事情發(fā)展成不愉快的場面時，結果只會毀了每個人的一天。41．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但就像任何一個你喜歡的人一樣，顧客也會讓你抓狂。A.shopkeepers店主；B.customers顧客；C.salespersons售貨員；D.receptionist接待員。根據上文Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers可知作者是生意人，因此此處指的是顧客讓自己抓狂。故選B。42．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會沖進來，說手提包被偷了。A.saying說；B.pretending假裝；C.guessing猜測；D.replying回答。結合后文theirhandbag’sbeenstolen可知此處是指說的內容應用say。故選A。43．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會發(fā)誓說他們把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一團糟，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直在他們的車里。A.agree同意；B.promise承諾；C.imagine想象；D.swear發(fā)誓。顧客沖進作者的店里，信誓旦旦地說自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故選D。44．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會發(fā)誓說他們把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一團糟，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直在他們的車里。A.forget忘記；B.decide決定；C.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.assume假設。結合后文ithadbeenintheircarallthetime可知顧客一開始說包忘在了更衣室，結果最后發(fā)現(xiàn)包一直在他們自己的車里。故選C。45．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會試用商店里一半的商品，只想要一種你沒有那種特別顏色的存貨。A.foods食物；B.catalogues目錄；C.belongings所有物；D.goods商品。結合后文intheshops可知此處指的是商店里的商品。其它選項不符合語境。故選D。46．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們會試用商店里一半的商品，只想要一種你沒有那種特別顏色的存貨。A.particular特別的；B.different不同的；C.matching相配的；D.natural自然的。結合上文theonlystyleyoudon'thaveleftina可知顧客試了店里一半的商品，結果想要的只是那種有特別顏色（particular）沒有存貨的款式。其它選項帶入不符合語境。故選A。47．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我知道店員會有多沮喪，但我努力說服他們保持微笑。A.fighting打架；B.smiling微笑；C.waiting等待；D.changing改變。結合上文可知，一些顧客有一些很無厘頭的要求和行為，面對這種情況，雖然店員會很沮喪，“但是”一詞邊是轉折，與“沮喪”一詞情感色彩相反，結合選項，B項“微笑”符合句意。故選B。48．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我還記得我們在CoventGarden遇到的第一個難纏的顧客。A.generous慷慨的；B.polite禮貌的；C.careless粗心的；D.difficult難纏的，困難的。結合后文nothingwasright可知這位顧客對一切都不滿，很難纏。故選D。49．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她對每件事都很不滿意，沒有什么是對的，令我相當驚訝的是，她居然成了“?？汀薄.curiousabout好奇；B.displeasedwith對……不滿意；C.patientwith對……有耐心；D.uncertainabout對……不能肯定。結合后文nothingwasright可知這個顧客對一切都不滿意。故選B。50．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她對每件事都很不滿意，沒有什么是對的，令我相當驚訝的是，她居然成了“?？汀薄.relaxed放松的；B.delighted高興的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.embarrassed尷尬的。結合上下文可知這位顧客對每件事都不滿意，但是居然成了“?？汀?，這讓作者感到很驚訝才對。故選C。51．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不久，她為自己一開始的行為道歉。A.searched搜索；B.argued爭論；C.prayed祈禱；D.apologized道歉。顧客一開始很難纏，對一切都不滿，結果后來成了?？?，她開始為自己一開始的行為道歉。apologizefor“為某事道歉”。故選D。52．考查介詞短語辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，現(xiàn)在一個人住在一套公寓里，因為她覺得實在難以應付，就把氣撒在別人身上。A.bychance偶然；B.byherself她獨自地；C.onpurpose故意地；D.onduty值班。結合上文Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflat可知女顧客和丈夫分居了，因此現(xiàn)在是獨自住在一套公寓里。故選B。53．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，現(xiàn)在一個人住在一套公寓里，因為她覺得實在難以應付，就把氣撒在別人身上。A.rude粗魯的；B.such這樣的；C.other其他的；D.lonely寂寞的。結合上文since