第四學(xué)時(shí)

Grammar

Computers現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1．結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has＋been＋done2．用法：(1)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的某個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。表示動(dòng)作已在說(shuō)話之前發(fā)生，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響。它屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，句中不能有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但可以和表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(2)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的某個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(如for，since等)或者sofar，now，today，thisweek(month，year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于Howlong...？句型中。3．注意：(1)副詞的位置often，usually，always，never，hardly，seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。如：[誤]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.這樣的人不可信。(2)并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。①happen，takeplace，breakout，belongto，cost，last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：[誤]GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978[正]GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.自從1978年以來(lái)，中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。②當(dāng)open，break，drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：[誤]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.[正]Thedoorhasopenedofitself.門(mén)是自動(dòng)開(kāi)的。(3)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞或副詞。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.非典病人得到了很好的照顧?！?/p>

典例剖析

Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.

I________herseveraltimes.A．hadmet

B．havemetC．metD．meet解析：首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我見(jiàn)過(guò)她幾次了，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：BAllthepreparationsforthetask________，andwe'rereadytostart.A．completedB．completeC．hadbeencompletedD．havebeencompleted解析：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去做的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。從andwe'rereadytostart句意可知，一切準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)就緒，可以開(kāi)始工作了。complete是及物動(dòng)詞，與句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)。注意：①分清complete與主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系；②結(jié)合語(yǔ)境選擇正確時(shí)態(tài)。答案：D一、單項(xiàng)選擇

1.2012年遼寧卷）Ifeelsoexcited!AtthistimetomorrowmorningI

toShanghai.A.

willbeflyingB.

willflyC.

havebeenflyingD.

haveflown解析：本題的關(guān)鍵詞是atthistimetomorrowmorning,這是將來(lái)某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間，因此排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。willfly表達(dá)將來(lái)的打算，而不能表達(dá)將來(lái)某個(gè)特定時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情。句意：我太興奮了！明天上午這個(gè)時(shí)間我正飛往上海。解決時(shí)態(tài)題時(shí)我們首先要分析出時(shí)間點(diǎn)，這一點(diǎn)很重要。只有從時(shí)間點(diǎn)上分析我們的選擇才更有依據(jù)。答案：A2．IwanttobuythiskindofclothbecauseI______thecloth________well.()A．havetold;washedB．havebeentold;washesC．havebeentold;washedD．wastold;washedB3．Onceaprogramme________putintoacomputer，it________accordingly.()A．is；actsB．isbeing；isactingC．hasbeen；willactD．willbe；acts4．Greatchanges________inourprovince.Manytallbuildings________.()A．hadbeentakenplace；havebeensetupB．havetakenplace；havebeensetupC．havebeentakenplace；havebeensetupD．weretakenplace；weresetupCB5．—IsthemeetingheldinRoom302or303?()—Itshouldbe302.ButIhearthatit________tomorrow.A．wasputoffB．willputoffC．hasbeenputoffD．isputoff6．Thisbookissaid________intoseveralforeignlanguageslastyear.()A．hasbeentranslatedB．havebeentranslatedC．tohavetranslatedD．tohavebeentranslatedCD7．—Thewindowisdirty.()—Iknow.It________forweeks.A．hasn'tcleanedB．didn'tcleanC．wasn'tcleanedD．hasn'tbeencleaned8．Everypossiblemeans________tosavethewoundedsoldieruptonow.()A．wastriedB．weretriedC．havebeentriedD．hasbeentriedDD9．Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They______welland________already.()A．sell；havebeensoldoutB．sold；hadsoldoutC．sell;selloutD．a(chǎn)resold；havebeensoldout10．Anewschoollibrary________here.Itissaidthattheyhopetofinishitnextmonth.()A．willbebuiltB．isbuiltC．hasbeenbuiltD．isbeingbuiltDA二、將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)1．電腦已被廣泛應(yīng)用于學(xué)校。_______________________________________2．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)下載并儲(chǔ)存在我的電腦中了。______________________________________3．機(jī)器人足球隊(duì)員已被設(shè)計(jì)得像人一樣行動(dòng)。____________________________________4．這對(duì)老夫婦已經(jīng)結(jié)婚30多年了。_____________________________________1．Computershavebeenwidelyusedinschools.2．Thedatahasalreadybeendownloadedandstoredinmycomputer.3．Theandroidfootballplayershavebeenprogrammedtoactlikehumans.4．Theoldcouplehasbeenmarriedforover30years.三、語(yǔ)法填空AGreatchanges__1__(takeplace)inmyhometowninthepastdecades.Thepublicfacilities__2__(greatly，improve).Theroads__3__(widen)andmorebridges__4__(build)．Moreattention__5__(give)totheenvironmentprotection，somanymoretreesandflowers__6__(plant)inthecity.Thewaterintheriversandlakesaswellastheair__7__(become)cleanagain.Asmanypeoplesay，itseemsthatwearenowlivingina“bigpark”．Ofcourse，lifeofus__8__(get)betterandbetter.1.

havetakenplace

2.

havebeengreatlyimproved

3.

havebeenwidened

4.

havebeenbuilt

5.

hasbeengiven

6.

havebeenplanted

7.

hasbecome

8.

isgettingBFishermenandsailorssometimesclaimtohaveseenmonstersinthesea.Thoughthestoriestoldbyseamenhaveoften__1__(laugh)at，itisnowknownthatmanyofthese“monsters”whichhaveattimes__2__(sight)aresimplystrangefish.Occasionally，unusualcreatures__3__(wash)totheshore，buttheyarerarelycau