1996年年全真試題PartIClozeTestDirections：Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10points)Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,]dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor2foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif3ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes4.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements一usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and5nitrogen.Theyaredifferent6theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin7oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.8_enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor_9vitamins.Manypeople,10 ,believeinbeingonthe“safesideandthustakeextravitamins.However,awellbalanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody*svitaminneeds.1.[A]either[B]SO[C]nor：D]never2.[A]shifting[B]transferring[C]altering[D]transforming3.[A]any[B]some[c]anything[D]something4.[A]serious[B]apparent[c]severe[D]fatal5.[A]mostly[B]partially[C]sometimesED]rarely6.[A]inthat[B]sothat[C]suchthatEd]exceptthat1.[A]undertakes[B]holds[C]playsEd]performs8.[A]Supplying[B]Getting[C]ProvidingEd]Furnishing9.[A]exceptional[B]exceeding[C]excessEd]external10.[A]nevertheless[B]therefore[C]moreoverEd]meanwhilePartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionstherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1Tightlippedeldersusedtosay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcouldbeemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour“wares”andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcouldbejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,"H'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget."?You'llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.[B]It'snousedreaming.Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.It'sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas.anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajobanindicationofhowtosecureagoodjobaguidelineforjobdescriptionaprincipleforjobevaluationAccordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause.thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployerthatistherequirementoftheemployeritenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservicesitforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimselfWhenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething .[A]definitetooffer [B]imaginarytoprovide[C]practicaltosupply [D]desirabletopresentPassage2WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation'snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children*sprogrammesandfilmsforanannuallicencefeeof￡83perhousehold.Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years-yettheBBC'sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapubliclyfundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanationwidedebateinBritain.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC—includingordinarylistenersandviewers—tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC'sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.DefendersoftheCorporation一ofwhomtherearemany一arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogant4Ifitain'tbroke,don'tfixit."TheBBC"ain'tbroke",theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword'broke',meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit?YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels ITVandChannel4 wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment'sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels—fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers'subscriptions—whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces.[A]theproblemofnewscoverage [B]anuncertainprospect[C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic [D]shrinkageofaudienceInthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisnotmentionedasthekeyissue?ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.Programmesasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.TheBBC's"royalcharter"(Line4,Paragraph4)standsfor.thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily.theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen.acontractwiththeQueen.auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan.theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels.[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment.theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs.thechallengeofnewsatellitechannels.Passage3Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury“capital”and“l(fā)abour“wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodemlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld'smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge"comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders,meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand"shareholding"meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.The"shareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother'sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.It'strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat.theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerationstheyfailedforlackofindividualinitiativetheylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompaniestheycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayersThegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin.theseparationofcapitalfrommanagementtheownershipofcapitalbymanagerstheemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclassesEd]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusinessAccordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat.theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkerstheoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirworkersthelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothlythetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiveroleTheauthorismostcriticalof.EA]familyfirmowners EB]landownersEC]managers ED]shareholdersPassage4WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica-breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry'sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatiaTthinkingaboutthingstechnological.Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,“Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe"premium"system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,"Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist."Thisnonverbal"spatial"thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote,'Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea."Whenalltheseshapingforces—schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking—interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristicemulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto.[A]elementaryschools [B]enthusiasticworkers[C]theattractivepremiumsystem[D]aspecialwayofthinkingItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics.benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge.shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagement.wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining.owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment.Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause .theyarebothwinnersofawards.theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinking.theybothabandonverbaldescriptiontheybothusevariousinstrumentsThebesttitleforthispassagemightbe.[A]InventiveMind [B]EffectiveSchooling[C]WaysofThinking [D]OutpouringofInventionsPassage5Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened."Scientific”creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime,,intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnonfundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard"scientific,,creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher'sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.Kitcherisaphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchaptersonthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:"Thisbookstandsforreasonitself."Andsoitdoes-andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeintheereationism/evolutiondebate.“Creationism"inthepassagerefersto .evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverse[B]anotionofthecreationofreligionthescientificexplanationoftheearthformationthedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverseKitcher'sbookisintendedto.recommendtheviewsoftheevolutionistsexposethetruefeaturesofcreationistscursebitterlyathisopponentslaunchasurpriseattackoncreationistsFromthepassagewecaninferthat .reasoninghasplayedadecisiveroleinthedebatecreationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonreasoningevolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-specialistscreationismissupportedbyscientificfindingsThispassageappearstobeadigestof .[A]abookreview [B]ascientificpaper[C]amagazinefeature [D]anewspapereditorialPartIIlEnglish—ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.31)Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Some,however,arelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionsoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotake,bypersonsinauthority,acttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.32)ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecincdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.33)Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefiiture.Thiskindofsupport,likeallgovernmentsupport,requiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butadecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthesupportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupporting"good"asopposedto"bad"science,butavaliddeterminationisdifficulttomake.Generally,theideaofgoodsciencetendstobecomeconfusedwiththecapacityofthefieldinquestiontogenerateaneleganttheory.34)However,theworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld'smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.35)Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.SectionIVWritingDirections:Title:GOODHEALTHTimelimit:40minutesWordlimit:120—150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthe“OUTLINE"belowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:叮hedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal”.YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.Outline:Importanceofgoodhealth.Waystokeepfit.Myownpractices.l.C 2.D 3.A1996年英語試題答案PartIClozeTest4.B 5.C 6.A7.D 8.B 9.C10.APassage111.B12.A13.DPassage215.B 16.C 17.CPassage319.C 20.A 21.CPassage423.D 24.A 25.BPassage527.D 28.B 29.BPartIIReadingComprehensionPartA14.A18.D22.D26.A30.APartIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation.在這些原因中,有些純屬社會需求;另ー些則是由于科學(xué)上某些特定發(fā)展在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生的必然結(jié)果。.這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,當時ー些國家的政府得出結(jié)論:政府要向其科研機構(gòu)提出具體的要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。.給某些與當前目標無關(guān)而將來則可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研予以支持，看來能夠有效地解決這個問題。.然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。.同過去一樣，將來必然出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象,給完美以新的標準。SectionIVWriting（15points）.見分析試題精解PartIClozeTest一、文章總體分析本文是一篇介紹維生素的科普性小短文。文章首段對維生素下定義。第二段介紹了維生素的兩大功能:將食物轉(zhuǎn)化成能量和維持身體健康。第三段介紹了各種維生素的異同:基本組成元素相同,但排列方式不同,并且各自承擔(dān)一到多種特殊功能。第四段指出:不需要獲取過量的維生素,均衡的飲食通常就可以完全滿足身體對它們的需求了。二、試題具體解析[A]either [B]so [C]nor[D]never[精解]本題考核的知識點是:否定倒裝句的連詞?？崭袂拔闹v到維生素不能提供能量,是ー個否定句;后文講到它們構(gòu)建身體的任何部分,是倒裝句,因此選項必須既能引導(dǎo)倒裝句,又能與前面的否定相呼應(yīng)。四個選項中,either表示“也”,可以用在否定句中,但一般放在句尾,例如:Shedicin'tgothere,either（她也不去）；so可以引導(dǎo)倒裝句,但它用在肯定句中,表示“也"，如:Theycanleavenow,socanwe.（他們現(xiàn)在可以離開了,我們也能）。nor也可以引導(dǎo)倒裝句,并可用在否定句中,構(gòu)成not...nor...（既不…也不…）固定結(jié)構(gòu),如:Youcan'tdoit,norcanI.（你不能做這件事,我也不能）；never也可以引導(dǎo)倒裝句,表示否定,但它必須放在句首,如:NeverinmylifehaveIheardsuchnonsense.（我ー輩子都沒聽說過這樣的無稽之談）。綜合以上因素,C為正確選項。[A]shifting替換,轉(zhuǎn)移 [B]transferring遷移，移動，傳遞[C]altering改變，變動 [D]transforming轉(zhuǎn)換，改變[精解]本題考核的知識點是：習(xí)慣搭配+動詞詞義辨析?？崭袼诰渥拥暮x是“需要維生素將食物2為能量,以維持身體的健康”?？崭裉钊氲姆衷~需和into搭配,并符合文意。transform常與into搭配,強調(diào)的是“事物大的變革或質(zhì)的改變”。在此從food（食物）SlJenergy（能量）的轉(zhuǎn)變是ー種質(zhì)的改變,因此,D符合句意。shift不與into搭配，如:Thewindshiftedtothesouth（風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)向南吹）；transfer多用于位置的改變,也不與into搭配,如:Hisemployertransferredhimtoanotheroffice.（老板把他調(diào)到了另一個辦公室）；alter強調(diào)部分或少量的變動,程度較輕,如:Theseclothesaretoolarge;theymustbealtered.（這些衣服太大,得修改）。因此以上三個詞都不能表示事物質(zhì)的改變。知識點補充:transー為前綴,與動詞連用,表示“橫過,越過”或“轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)移”,例如:transact（辦理,交易,談判,處理,transatlantic（橫渡大西洋的），trans-national（跨越國界的，transplant（移植），transport（運輸）。[A]any任何ー個 [B]some一些[C]anything任何事物 [D]something某事物[精解]本題考核的知識點是：不定代詞的用法?？崭袼诰渥邮签`個由and連接的并列句,前ー個分句Therearethirteenormoreofthem中的them指的是vitamins,后ー個分句是ー個由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,意為“如果…缺乏,（會出現(xiàn)）維生素缺乏癥?！庇捎趇f引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語動詞is是單數(shù),因而,只能由一個表示單數(shù)意義的不定代詞作為被選項。首先排除some,它一般用于肯定句,做主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);其次anything與something泛指任何事或某些事,放入句中不符句意;any放入后相當于anyofthem,即“任何維生素”。注意any一般用于否定或疑問句中,做主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù),如：Anyofthehuntersisabletocatchthetigersingle-handed.（任何ー個獵人都能單獨抓住老虎）。因此答案只能選Ao[A]serious嚴重的,嚴肅的,認真的[B]叩parent明顯的[C]sevem嚴厲的,劇烈的,嚴峻的[D]fata!致命的[精解]本題考核的知識點是：形容詞詞義辨析。本題要求考生判斷,如果缺乏任何ー種維生素,缺乏癥就會變得怎樣。四個備選項表示的程度不同,從語意的角度來說都可以與disease相搭配。但是,根據(jù)上下文,這里需要填入一個準確描述疾病癥狀的詞。serious>severe和fatal這兒個詞都表示程度嚴重,甚至危及生命。但上下文沒有暗示缺乏ー種維生素會導(dǎo)致嚴重的后果,因此,這三個詞都不可作為被選項。apparent只是簡單地描述了疾病的癥狀,為正確選項。[A]mostly大部分,主要地 [B]partially部分地[C]sometimes有時候 [D]rarely很少地，罕有地[精解]本題考核的知識點是:邏輯語義搭配+副詞詞義辨析。本句破折號后舉例說明維生素的組成成分:碳、氫、氧和5氮,and表明各成分之