書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-惠州經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

AngLeewontheBestDirectorOscaratthe2013OscarsAwardingCeremonyforhissurrealfilmLifeofPi.ThiswashisfourthOscar（）,andsecondwins.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.nomination

C.condemnation

D.recommendation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recognition“識(shí)別；認(rèn)出”；B選項(xiàng)nomination“任命；提名”；C選項(xiàng)condemnation“譴責(zé)；定罪”；D選項(xiàng)recommendation“推薦；建議”。句意：在2013年奧斯卡頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上，李安憑借其超現(xiàn)實(shí)電影《少年派的奇幻漂流》獲得了奧斯卡最佳導(dǎo)演獎(jiǎng)。這是他第四次奧斯卡……，第二次獲獎(jiǎng)。獲獎(jiǎng)前都會(huì)有一系列影片被提名。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Heisanhonestperson.Heis______todosuchadishonestthing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theleastman

B.notlikely

C.thelastman

D.thelatestman

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。在“thelastpersontodosth.”或“thelastpersonthat...”句式中，thelast=theleastlikely；last由原義“最后的”演繹為“最不大可能的，最不愿意……的”，因此它含有否定的意思，如：YouarethelastpersonIwanttosee.“你是我最不愿意看到的人”，That’sthelastthinghewants.“那是他最不愿意要的東西”，但并非所有的thelastpersontodosth.都表示“最不肯（或最不會(huì)，最不愿意）做某事的人”，有時(shí)表示“最后一個(gè)做某事的人”，如在搶險(xiǎn)斗爭中最后一個(gè)撤離現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的人：Hewasthelastpersontoleavethesinkingship.到底表示“最不愿意做某事的人”還是表示“最后一個(gè)做某事的人”，這要根據(jù)上下文的意思來判定。notlikely雖符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)，但不符合上下文的邏輯意思。句意：他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人，他絕對(duì)不可能做這種不誠實(shí)的事。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,________moveaboutfreely.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。aswellas“也”；disregardfor“忽視”；letalone“更不必說，聽任”；notmentioning“沒有提及”。句意：乘客們像沙丁魚一樣擠在充滿汗臭、幽閉恐怖的地鐵車廂里，幾乎無法呼吸，更無法自由活動(dòng)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

frightenedanddesertit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbe

B.wouldbe

C.willbe

D.couldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考察虛擬語氣。句意：當(dāng)鳥類觀察者們找到一個(gè)鳥巢時(shí),

他們會(huì)非常小心不去打擾,

以免鳥媽媽受到驚嚇而遺棄它。Lest表示“以免”,

后面的虛擬語氣通常用should+動(dòng)詞原形。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot______closeexamination.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faceupto

B.makeupto

C.standupto

D.lookupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)faceupto“勇敢地面對(duì)”，B項(xiàng)makeupto“接近，奉承”，C項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗”，D項(xiàng)lookupto“尊敬，崇拜”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞falsebanknotes“假鈔”和closeexamination“仔細(xì)檢查”可知，C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：雖然這些假鈔騙過了很多人，但它們并沒有經(jīng)得起仔細(xì)的檢驗(yàn)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.Organicarchitecturerejectsrulesimposedbyindividualpreferenceormereaestheticsinordertoremaintruetothenatureofthesite,thematerials,thepurposeofthestructure,andthepeoplewhowillultimatelyuseit.Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple.Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.Itshouldmaximizepeople’scontactwithandutilizationoftheoutdoors.

Naturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.Likeasculptor,theorganicarchitectviewsthesiteandmaterialsasaninnateformthatshapesanddevelopsorganicallyfromwithin.Truthinarchitectureresultsinanatural,spontaneousstructureintotalharmonywiththesetting.Forthemostpart,thesestructuresfindtheirgeometricthemesinthecontoursofthelandandtheircolorsinthesurroundingpaletteofnature.

Fromtheoutside,anorganicstructureissomuchapartofnaturethatitisoftenobscuredbyit.Inotherwords,itmaynotbepossiblefortheeyetoeasilyseparatetheman-madestructurefromthenaturalterrain.Fromtheinside,roomsopenintoeachother.Naturallight,air,andviewpermeatethewholestructure,providingasenseofcommunicationwiththeoutdoors.

26.Inorganicarchitecture,whichofthefollowingistrue?

27.Agoodexampleofnaturalprinciplesisa（）.

28.Whydoestheauthorcompareanorganicarchitecttoasculptor?

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthearchitect’sviewofnature?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Formfollowsfunction.

B.Functionfollowsform.

C.Functionisnotimportanttoform.

D.Formandfunctionareone.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bankthatisbuilttolooklikeaGreektemple

B.bankbuiltsothatthelocationisunimportanttothestructure

C.bankthatisbuilttoconformtothenaturalsurroundings

D.bankthatisbuilttobebeautifulratherthanfunctional

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizeaesthetics.

B.Togiveanexampleofnaturalprinciples.

C.Tomakeapointaboutthedevelopmentofgeometry.

D.Todemonstratetheimportanceofstyle.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Natureshouldbeconquered.

B.Natureshouldnotbeconsidered.

C.Natureshouldberespected.

D.Natureshouldbeimproved.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】26.推理判斷題。定位在第一段Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.（形式并不遵循功能，形式不能從功能上分割出來。）由此可知，形式和功能是一體的。因此D選項(xiàng)“形式和功能是一體的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“形式遵循功能”，B選項(xiàng)“功能遵循形式”，C選項(xiàng)“功能對(duì)形式并不重要”，均不符合題意，故選D。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple（如果堅(jiān)持這些自然原則，那么銀行不能建造像一座希臘神廟）Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.（換句話說，一座建筑應(yīng)該受到自然形式的啟發(fā)，用那些保持和尊重所在地點(diǎn)的自然特點(diǎn)的材料建造而成，從而達(dá)到與自然環(huán)境的和諧統(tǒng)一。）可以推論出，遵守自然原則的好例子是建造一所與其自然環(huán)境一致的銀行。因此C選項(xiàng)“為適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境而建的銀行”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“建得像希臘神廟的銀行”，B選項(xiàng)“銀行的建造地點(diǎn)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)不重要”，D選項(xiàng)“銀行是為了美觀而不是實(shí)用”均不符合題意，故選C。

28.推理判斷題。定位到第二段的第一句Naturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.（自然原則是設(shè)計(jì)的原則，不是風(fēng)格上的，通過反映統(tǒng)一、平衡、比例、節(jié)奏和比例的結(jié)構(gòu)來體現(xiàn)。）緊接著就舉例與有機(jī)建筑師和雕塑家進(jìn)行比較，從而進(jìn)一步說明自然原則。因此B選項(xiàng)“給自然原則所舉的例子”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“來強(qiáng)調(diào)美學(xué)”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)幾何學(xué)的發(fā)展提出一點(diǎn)看法”；D選項(xiàng)“闡述風(fēng)格的重要性”均與題意不符。故選B。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第一句Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.（有機(jī)建筑，也就是自然建筑，在概念和形式上可能是不同的，但它始終忠實(shí)于自然原則。）本文主要說明了有機(jī)建筑，其核心是自然原則。由此可知建筑師是忠實(shí)于自然的。因此C選項(xiàng)“自然應(yīng)該得到尊重”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該征服自然”，B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該考慮自然”，D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該要改善自然”均不符合題意。故選C。

7.單選題

Thesystemwasoriginallydeployedtopreciselylocatethepositionsofsoldiers,weapons,andtargetsby（

）geodeticlatitudeandlongitudecoordinates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pinpointing

B.pointing

C.putting

D.recognizing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。pinpoint意為“確定，準(zhǔn)確地指出”；point意為“指出”；put意為“放”；recognize意為“認(rèn)出”。

句意：該系統(tǒng)最初是通過找出大地緯度和經(jīng)度坐標(biāo)來精確定位士兵、武器和目標(biāo)的位置。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Itwouldbewrongtoidentifytherealwomanwiththetypicalwildonewho,afteradifficultchildhood,haslefthomeearlytolivebyherwitsattheexpenseofmen.Thewildwomanisincapableeitheroffriendshipforotherwomenwhomshecannotfailtoregardasrivals,orofloveforaman,herdeclaredenemy.Butatleastshekeepshereyesopenandridiculestheviewthatwomenmustenthusiasticallyacceptthisgloriousmodemworldofplentybestowedonthembytheirhard-workingmenfolk,andthattheyenjoybeingpassionatelysweptofftheirfeetandafterwardstreatedwithamusedindulgence.Therewasnever,ofcourse,anytruthinthecomic-striplegendofaprimitivehe-manwhowouldgrabhiswomanbythehair,threatenherwithaknobbedclubifsherefusedhisadvancesandhaulheroffpuntingecstaticallytohiscave.

Throughallofourhistorywehaveponderedthestarsandmusedwhetherhumanityisuniqueorif,somewhereelseinthedarkofthenightsky,thereareanyotherbeingswhocontemplateandwonderaswedo,fellowthinkersinthecosmos.Suchbeingsmightviewthemselvesandtheuniversedifferently.Theremightbeveryexoticbiologiesandtechnologiesandsocieties.Inacosmicsettingvastandoldbeyondordinaryhumanunderstanding,wearealittlelonely,andwepondertheultimatesignificance,ifany,ofourtinybutexquisiteblueplanet.Thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisthesearchforagenerallyacceptablecosmiccontextforthehumanspecies.Inthedeepestsense,thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligenceisasearchforourselves.Alongwiththegrowingdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasemergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundant,whyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?

【答案】將一個(gè)真正的女人和一個(gè)典型的瘋狂的女兒相提并論是錯(cuò)誤的。在經(jīng)歷苦難的童年后，她早早離開家，在沒有男人的情況下，憑借自己的智慧生存。瘋狂的女人既不能與她視為對(duì)手的其他女人建立友誼，也不能與她宣稱為敵人的男人產(chǎn)生愛情。但她至少讓自己保持清醒，嘲笑這樣兩種觀點(diǎn)：一種是女性必須熱情地接受這個(gè)由辛勤工作的男性同胞賦予她們的豐富多彩的現(xiàn)代世界；另一種是她們喜歡熱情地被人迷得神魂顛倒，然后被以開心的放縱方式對(duì)待。當(dāng)然，在連環(huán)畫里一個(gè)野蠻的男人在女人拒絕他的追求后，抓住她的頭發(fā)并用一個(gè)圓頭棍子威脅她，然后欣喜地把她拉到他的洞穴里去。

在歷史長河中，我們一直在思考星辰，思考人類是否是獨(dú)一無二的，或者是否有其他的生命，宇宙中的思考者在夜空下思索同樣的問題。這些人可能會(huì)以不同的視角看待自己和宇宙?？赡軙?huì)有外來的生物、技術(shù)和社會(huì)。在普通人類無法理解的浩瀚而又古老的宇宙中，我們有點(diǎn)孤獨(dú)，我們思索著這微小而又精致的藍(lán)色星球的終極意義。對(duì)地外文明的探索是人類普遍接受的對(duì)宇宙環(huán)境的探索。從最深層次的意義上來說，對(duì)地外文明的探索就是對(duì)我們自己的探索。隨著越來越多的人投入到這個(gè)嚴(yán)肅的探索中，一個(gè)稍微消極的聲音出現(xiàn)了，但是這樣的探索依然很有趣。最近少數(shù)科學(xué)家提出了一個(gè)奇怪的問題：如果地外文明豐富多彩，為什么我們現(xiàn)在還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)端倪？

9.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻譯為：這個(gè)群島于1898年被美國吞并，從那時(shí)起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他種族群體的遭遇更為悲慘?？梢耘袛嘀挥蠥項(xiàng)“夏威夷的種族群體”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意為：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他種族的境況更糟糕。C選項(xiàng)正確，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由A，B，C選項(xiàng)可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻譯為：由夏威夷的第一位本土官員JohnWaihee成立的主權(quán)咨詢委員會(huì)對(duì)土著居民的事件起到了推動(dòng)作用，該委員會(huì)建議夏威夷土著居民應(yīng)該自主決定是否需要重新成立一個(gè)夏威夷主權(quán)國家。判斷A，B，C選項(xiàng)正確，排除；D選項(xiàng)在文章內(nèi)沒有相關(guān)信息介紹，故選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻譯為：這是夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室（OHA）支持的態(tài)度，OHA作為一個(gè)國家機(jī)關(guān)成立于1978年，代表著當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦睦?，如今在面?duì)土著居民主權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)上保持著溫和的態(tài)度。故選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻譯為：他們還希望能夠要回66萬公頃的夏威夷公有土地?？芍耐氖窍朊绹姓J(rèn)其所有權(quán)而不僅僅是更多的租金。因此B選項(xiàng)“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合題意。

10.單選題

Thechildrencouldnot（

）laughingatthesightofthemonkeyssittingcross-leggedwithacigaretteinhismouth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventfrom

B.refrainfrom

C.leaveoff

D.holdonto

【答案】B

【解析】句意:看見猴子嘴刁香煙盤腿而坐的時(shí)候，孩子們?nèi)滩蛔《夹α恕?/p>

考查短語辨析。preventfrom防止,阻止,預(yù)防;refrainfrom忍住,抑制;leaveoff停止,中斷;holdonto保持住,抓住不放。因此B符合句意。

11.單選題

Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.Fewfirmstrytomeasurereturnsontheseassets,letalonepublishinformationonthem.Yettheyareoftenwhatunderliesafirm'ssuccess.“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.”

Asignthatcompaniesdonotmeasuretheirassetsproperlymaybethegrowinggapbetweentheirstock-marketvalueandthebookvalueoftheirassets.Between1973and1993,themedianratioofmarketvaluestobookvaluesofAmericanpubliccompaniesdoubles;thedifferencehasgrownwithaboominhigh-techshares.Thegapisbiggestforcompaniesthathavemostrapidlyboostedspendingonresearchanddevelopment（R&D）.Evenwithinindustries,thedivergence（分歧）betweenstock-marketreturnsandreportedearningshasincreased.

Youmightthinkthiswouldpresentaproblemforinvestors,whonolongerhaveagoodwayoftellingwhetherthemarketvalueofacompanyissoundlybased.Yetinvestorsseemtoknowinstinctivelythatknowledgeisvaluable.35.AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.

Infact,theabsenceofgoodmeasuresmaybotherthosewhorunfirmsmorethanthosewhoinvestinthem.Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.

1.Theintangiblesofacompanyarereflectedin（）.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutMicrosoft?

3.WhydoesthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsrise?

4.Aninvestorwhobuysstocksofacompanyinknowledge-basedbusinessesbaseshisecisionon（）.

5.Thephrase“suchdecisionsn（Para.4）refersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.physicalandfinancialassets

B.stock-marketvalue

C.thebalancesheet

D.thedifferencebetweenthestock-marketvalueandthebookvalue

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasnobook-valueassets.

B.Itsstock-marketvalueequalsitsbookvalue.

C.There’sagreatgapbetweenitsstock-marketvalueandbookvalue.

D.Itsstock-marketvaluedoesnotreflectthecompany’srealvalue

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheybuyforeignsubsidiaries

B.Becausetheyinvestmuchinintangibleassets.

C.BecausetheyhavelowR&Dspending

D.Becausetheinvestorsknowthemethodsforcalculatingthepaybackofknowledge-basedbusinesses

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.purespeculation（投機(jī)）

B.thecompany’sbookvalue

C.whetherthecompanybuysforeignsubsidiaries

D.theprospectthatitsresearchwilltranslateintolowcostproducts

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.unningfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

B.nvestinginfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

C.udgingratesofreturnonfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

D.alculatingreturnsonanewly-builtfactory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.企業(yè)的價(jià)值越來越不在于資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的有形資產(chǎn)和金融資產(chǎn)，而在于無形資產(chǎn)：品牌、專利、特許經(jīng)營權(quán)、軟件、研究項(xiàng)目、創(chuàng)意和專業(yè)技能?？芍狝BC三項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.我們的主要資產(chǎn)，也就是我們的軟件和軟件開發(fā)技能，根本沒有出現(xiàn)在資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上?！皬募兇獾臅?huì)計(jì)角度來看，這可能不是很有啟發(fā)性。”可知D項(xiàng)“其股票市值并不能反映公司的實(shí)際價(jià)值”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在研發(fā)上投入巨資的美國跨國公司在收購?fù)鈬庸緯r(shí)，其股價(jià)會(huì)上漲，但當(dāng)研發(fā)支出較低的跨國公司在海外收購時(shí)，其股價(jià)會(huì)下跌?？芍鐕驹谑召徍Ｍ庾庸緯r(shí)，股價(jià)的升降取決于該公司在研發(fā)方面的投入力度，也就是對(duì)無形資產(chǎn)的投入力度。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段“Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.想必投資者明白，在以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的企業(yè)中，企業(yè)可以利用不斷增長的回報(bào)來擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。一旦開發(fā)出一種藥丸或一個(gè)軟件程序，每一筆額外銷售都能以很少的額外成本帶來更多的收入：市場(chǎng)越大，利潤就越大?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“其研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為低成本產(chǎn)品的前景”正確。

5.詞義題。聯(lián)系上下文“Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.對(duì)于經(jīng)理來說，最大的問題是如何判斷回報(bào)率。建造一個(gè)工廠，有計(jì)算回報(bào)的歷史悠久的方法。但如果你投資于研發(fā)或軟件，或者決定是雇傭更好的人或者培訓(xùn)更多的人呢?沒有工具來做這樣的決定?？芍猻uchdecisions指代在知識(shí)型企業(yè)如何判斷回報(bào)率的問題。故C項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

InRomantimes,defeatedenemiesweregenerallyputtodeathascriminalsforhavingoffendedtheemperorofRome.Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.Thoughsomesawthiscustomasasteptowardsamorehumanesociety,theprimaryreasonsbehinditwereeconomicratherthanhumanitarian.

Inthosetimes,rulershadonlyalimitedabilitytoraisetaxes.Theycouldneitherforcetheirsubjectstofightnorpaythemtodoso.Thepromiseofmaterialcompensationintheformofgoodsandransomwasthereforetheonlywayofinducingcombatantstoparticipateinawar.Inthemiddleages,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.Althoughcollectingransomclearlybroughtfinancialgain,keepingaprisonerandarrangingforhisexchangehaditscosts.Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.

Onesuchdevicewasaruleassertingthattheprisonerhadtoassesshisownvalue.Thiscompelledtheprisonertoestablishavaluewithoutmuchdistortion;indicatingtoolowavaluewouldincreasethecaptive’schancesofbeingkilled,whileindicatingtoohighavaluewouldeitherrushhimfinanciallyorcreateaprohibitivelyexpensiveransomthatwouldalsoresultindeath.

Asecondmeansofreducingcostswasthepracticeofreleasingaprisoneronhiswordofhonor.Thisprocedurewasadvantageoustobothpartiessincethecaptorwasrelievedoftheexpenseofkeepingtheprisonerwhilethecaptivehadfreedomofmovement.Thecaptoralsobenefitedfinanciallybyhavinghiscaptiveraisetheransomhimself.This“parole”wasaviablepracticesincethereleasedprisonerriskedrecaptureorretaliationagainsthisfamily.Moreover,inmedievalsociety,breakingone’swordhadseriousconsequences.When,forexample,KingFrancoisIbrokehiswordtotheEmperorCharlesVin1525,hisreputationsufferedimmensely.

Afindmethodofreducingcostswastheuseofspecializedinstitutionstoestablishcontactbetweenthetwoparties.Twotypesofinstitutionsemerged:professionaldealerswhoactedasbrokers,andmembersofreligiousorderswhoactedasneutralintermediaries.Dealersadvancedmoneyfortheransomandchargedinterestontheloan.TwoofthereligiousordersthatbecameintermediariesweretheMercedariansandtheTrinitarians,whobetweenthemarrangedtheransomofnearlyonemillionprisoners.

61.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

62.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamedievalsoldier______.

63.Intheauthor’sopinion,asoldier’sdecisiontospareanadversary’slifebelinkedhistoricallyto______.

64.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprocessofarrangingransomsduringmedievaltimeswas______.

65.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discusstheeconomicbasisofthemedievalpracticeofexchangingprisonersforransom

B.examinethehistoryofthetreatmentofprisonersofwar

C.emphasizetheimportanceofawarrior’swordofhonorduringtheMiddleAges

D.explorethreewaysofreducingthecostsofransom

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hadfeweconomicoptionsandchosetofightbecauseitwastheonlywayto

B.wassimilartoa20th-centuryterroristinthatheoperatedonabasicallyindependentlevelandwasmotivatedsolelybyeconomicincentives

C.waslesslikelytokillcapturedmembersofopposingarmiesthanwasasoldieroftheRomanEmpire

D.wasmotivatedtospareprisonerslivesbyhumanitarianratherthaneconomicideals

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theeconomicrelationshipofthewarringstates

B.theeconomicgainfromtakinganenemyprisonerratherthankillinghimincombat

C.thecasewithwhichasoldiercouldcaptureandsubsequentlyimprisonhisenemy

D.technologicaladvancesinweaponry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.morelucrativeformedievalsoldiersandkingsthanthewinningofspoils

B.aproceduresocostlythatitwasnoteconomicallyworthwhileforthecaptors

C.futileforthecaptivesincelieriskedrecaptureevenafterhisransomwaspaid

D.apotentialsourceofincomeforothersasidefromthecaptorsoftheprisoners

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anassertionismade,brieflyexplained,andthenseveralexamplesthatrefutetheassertionaregiven.

B.Ahistoricalanalysisismadeofaphenomenonandsupportingdetailsareoffered.

C.Ahypothesisisoffered,carefullyqualified,andthensupportingdataisanalyzed.

D.Agenerallyacceptedhistoricalviewpointispresentedinordertointroducediscussionofitsstrengthsandlimitations.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“文章的主要目的是……”。文章第一段提到InRomantimes,defeatedenemiesweregenerallyputtodeathascriminalsforhavingoffendedtheemperorofRome.Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.Thoughsomesawthiscustomasasteptowardsamorehumanesociety,theprimaryreasonsbehinditwereeconomicratherthanhumanitarian.（在羅馬時(shí)代，被打敗的敵人通常會(huì)因?yàn)槊胺噶肆_馬皇帝而被當(dāng)作罪犯處死。然而，在中世紀(jì)，贖回或遣返囚犯以換取金錢的做法變得普遍起來。盡管有些人認(rèn)為這一習(xí)俗是邁向更人道社會(huì)的一步，但其背后的主要原因是經(jīng)濟(jì)而非人道主義。），接著全篇都是在描述中世紀(jì)拿戰(zhàn)俘換取金錢這一行為，可知文章的主要目的是討論中世紀(jì)統(tǒng)治者拿戰(zhàn)俘換取金錢這一行為的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)，故A項(xiàng)“討論中世紀(jì)交換囚犯換取贖金的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“研究戰(zhàn)俘待遇的歷史”和C項(xiàng)“在中世紀(jì)強(qiáng)調(diào)戰(zhàn)士的榮譽(yù)承諾的重要性”，都只是在文章中有稍微提到，比較片面；D項(xiàng)“探索三種降低贖金成本的方法”，根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)兩句Althoughcollectingransomclearlybroughtfinancialgain,keepingaprisonerandarrangingforhisexchangehaditscosts.Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.（雖然收集贖金顯然帶來了經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，但關(guān)押和安排交換囚犯是有代價(jià)的。因此，制定了若干程序以減少交易成本。），由此可知，降低交易成本只是統(tǒng)治者為了能夠獲得最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，是討論統(tǒng)治者拿戰(zhàn)俘換取金錢這一行為的一部分內(nèi)容，D項(xiàng)概括不夠全面。故該題選A。

62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章可以推斷中世紀(jì)的士兵……”。根據(jù)第二段第四句Inthemiddleages,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.（在中世紀(jì)，每個(gè)士兵參加戰(zhàn)爭的主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)是對(duì)戰(zhàn)利品的期望）可知中世紀(jì)士兵是為了獲得戰(zhàn)利品而去戰(zhàn)斗，因?yàn)橹惺兰o(jì)戰(zhàn)俘可以換贖金，所以一般不會(huì)像羅馬時(shí)期一樣殺死戰(zhàn)俘，故C項(xiàng)“他比羅馬帝國的士兵更不可能殺死被敵軍俘虜?shù)氖勘狈项}意；A項(xiàng)“沒有什么經(jīng)濟(jì)選擇，所以選擇戰(zhàn)斗，因?yàn)檫@是唯一的辦法”，第二段第三句提到Thepromiseofmaterialcompensationintheformofgoodsandransomwasthereforetheonlywayofinducingcombatantstoparticipateinawar.（以貨物和贖金形式提供物質(zhì)補(bǔ)償?shù)某兄Z是誘使戰(zhàn)斗人員參加戰(zhàn)爭的唯一辦法）可知，讓士兵參加戰(zhàn)斗的唯一辦法是承諾以貨物和贖金形式提供物質(zhì)補(bǔ)償，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“類似于20世紀(jì)的恐怖分子，他基本上是獨(dú)立運(yùn)作的，只受經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)使”，全文作者沒有將中世紀(jì)的士兵與現(xiàn)代的恐怖主義作比較，故不選B；D項(xiàng)“是出于人道主義而不是經(jīng)濟(jì)理想來拯救囚犯的生命”，釋放戰(zhàn)俘是為了獲得贖金，而不是人道主義，所以D項(xiàng)也不選。故該題選C。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“在作者看來，一名士兵決定寬恕敵人的生命歷史上是與……有關(guān)”。根據(jù)第一段的第二句話Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.（然而，在中世紀(jì)，贖回或遣返囚犯以換取金錢的做法變得普遍起來），我們可以知道戰(zhàn)士不殺死戰(zhàn)俘的原因是為了贖金；這是個(gè)人經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)力驅(qū)使，所以B項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)斗中俘虜敵人而不是殺死他所獲得的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“戰(zhàn)國的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系”，文章沒有提到羅馬帝國和戰(zhàn)國的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系；C項(xiàng)“一名士兵可以捕獲并監(jiān)禁他的敵人的情況”這不是士兵會(huì)寬恕敵人的生命的原因，最終是為了獲得贖金；D項(xiàng)“武器裝備技術(shù)進(jìn)步”文章也未提到；故該題選B。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出中世紀(jì)安排贖金的過程是……”。根據(jù)第二段第四句IntheMiddleAges,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.（在中世紀(jì)，每個(gè)士兵參加戰(zhàn)爭的主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)是對(duì)戰(zhàn)利品的期望）可知，士兵的最大動(dòng)力是戰(zhàn)利品，而俘虜戰(zhàn)俘換取贖金只是另外一種收入，因?yàn)殛P(guān)押戰(zhàn)俘需要成本，所以A項(xiàng)“對(duì)中世紀(jì)的士兵和國王來說，比贏得戰(zhàn)利品更有利可圖”不選；B項(xiàng)“這個(gè)程序太昂貴以至于對(duì)綁架者來說在經(jīng)濟(jì)上不劃算”，第二段最后一句有提到Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.（因此，制定了若干程序以減少交易成本），由此可知，他們采取了降低成本的方法，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“對(duì)俘虜來說是徒勞無功的，因?yàn)榧词乖谒Ц读粟H金之后，他仍然冒著被抓回的危險(xiǎn)”，題干說的是俘虜者而不是被俘虜者，與題干無關(guān)，故C項(xiàng)不選；D項(xiàng)“除了俘虜者之外，其他人的潛在收入來源”，文中提到因?yàn)殛P(guān)押和安排交換