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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ahistoricchangeistakingplaceinhighereducation.Professorsarebeingheldresponsibleasneverbeforeforhowwelltheyservestudents.Ithasbecomeascommonincollegesanduniversitiesforstudentstogradeprofessorsasforprofessorstogradestudents.Infactstudentratings(評(píng)價(jià))havebecomethemostwidelyusedandinmanycasestheonlyimportantinformationonteachingeffectiveness.Incomparingthreestudiesofthesame600middleandhighschoolsinmorethanthirtystatesitwasfoundthatthenumberofschoolsusingstudentratingstoevaluate(評(píng)估)teachershadclimbedfrom29percentto68percentto86percent.Noothermethodofevaluationgotthatdegreeofusageandotherstudieshavefoundsimilarresults.

Onereasonthatstudentevaluationsofteachershavebecomesopopularisthattheyareeasytocarryoutandtoscore.Buttheyarealsoeasytoabuse.Iftheyareexpectedtothrowmeaningfullightonteachers’'performancetheratingsmustbeusedinawaythatshowsatleastsomeofwhatwe’'velearntaboutthemfromresearchandfromexperience.

Researchandexperiencehaveshownus,forexample,thatstudentratingsshouldneverbetheonlybasisforevaluatingteachingeffectiveness.Thereismuchmoretoteachingthanwhatisevaluatedonstudentratingforms.Whenratingsareused,weknowthatstudentsshouldnotbeexpectedtojudgewhetherthematerialsusedinacourseareuptodateorhowwelltheteacherknowsthesubjectmatterofthecourse.

Thesejudgmentsrequireprofessionalbackgroundandarebestlefttotheprofessor’'scolleagues.Ontheotherhand,studentsshouldbeaskedtoestimatewhattheyhavelearnedinacourse,andtoreportonsuchthingsasaprofessor’'sabilitytocommunicateatthestudent’'slevel,professionalbehaviorintheclassroom,relationshipwithstudents,andabilitytoarouseinterestinthesubject.

1.Thecentralideaofthepassageisthat______.

2.WhichstatementisTRUE?

3.InstudentratingsarethefollowingquestionscanbeaskedEXCEPT:______.

4.Thesentenceinthethirdsecondparagraph“Buttheyalsoarealsoeasytoabuse”means______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.studentratingsaretheonlysourceofinformationonteachingeffectiveness

B.ratingshavebecomethemostwidelyusedsourceofinformationonteachingeffectiveness

C.besidestudentratings,thereareothermethodstoevaluateteachers

D.studentratingsareverypopularandshouldbeproperlyused

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Studentevaluationsofteachersarepopularbecausetheyareextremelyaccurate.

B.Instudentratings,studentsshouldnotbeaskedquestionsthatrequireprofessionalbackground.

C.Studentratingscanbeusedunderanycircumstances.

D.Allcollegesareinclinedtousestudentratingstoevaluateteachers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cantheteachermakehimselfeasilyunderstood?

B.Howdoestheteacherdealwithstudents?

C.Iswhatistaughtnew?

D.Arestudentsinterestedinwhatistaught?

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.teachersareeasytobemisunderstood

B.teachersareeasytobewronged

C.studentratingscaneasilybeputtowronguse

D.studentratingscaneasilybemadeuseoftoattackteachers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】:主旨大意題。通讀全文,可得知本文主要講述的是學(xué)生評(píng)估在對(duì)教師進(jìn)行測(cè)評(píng)中的廣泛應(yīng)用及如何正確地使用這種測(cè)評(píng)方式,因此選項(xiàng)D最能概括文章大意。選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B,根據(jù)原文可以定位到第一段的第四三句“Infactstudentratings(評(píng)價(jià))havebecomethemostwidelyusedandinmanycasestheonlyimportantinformationonteachingeffectiveness.”選項(xiàng)本身說(shuō)法正確,但過(guò)于片面,不足以概括全文。根據(jù)原文“Noothermethodofevaluationgotthatdegreeofusageandotherstudieshavefoundsimilarresults.”可得知選項(xiàng)C說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。

2.【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)B可以定位到原文的第四三段的首句“Thesejudgmentsrequireprofessionalbackgroundandarebestlefttotheprofessor’'scolleagues.”可得知這些專(zhuān)業(yè)性的背景問(wèn)題最好留給同事們回答而不是學(xué)生,即符合B選項(xiàng)。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。由文章末第三段第三句中的"“studentsshouldnotbeexpectedtojudgewhetherthematerialsusedinacourseareuptodate”"可知,不能問(wèn)學(xué)生"“老師教授的東西是否新穎”"這樣的問(wèn)題。因此,答案為C。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干引用的這句話可以定位到原文中的第二三段,“Iftheyareexpectedtothrowmeaningfullightonteachers’'performancetheratingsmustbeusedinawaythatshowsatleastsomeofwhatwe’'velearntaboutthemfromresearchandfromexperience.”可得知,如果他們被期望為教師的表現(xiàn)提供有意義的說(shuō)明,那么評(píng)級(jí)的使用必須至少表明我們從研究和經(jīng)驗(yàn)中所了解到的一些情況。而不是說(shuō)隨意評(píng)級(jí)。可推斷出評(píng)級(jí)很容易會(huì)被誤用。因此答案為選項(xiàng)C。

2.單選題

Over-cultivationandalongperiodoferosionhasreducedthe()ofmuchofthecountry'sfarm?land.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sufficiency

B.fertility

C.prosperity

D.mobility

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。sufficiency"充足";fertility"肥力";prosperity"興旺,繁榮";mobility"活動(dòng)性,靈活性"。句意:過(guò)度耕種和長(zhǎng)期的水土流失降低了這個(gè)國(guó)家大部分農(nóng)田的肥力。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.單選題

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto()theweightofthebuilding.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subside

B.idealize

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Subside平息,減退;idealize使理想化;initiate開(kāi)始,發(fā)起;sustain支撐,支持。句意:根據(jù)句中collapsed判定空格應(yīng)填入與strong同向的詞。選項(xiàng)中,sustain支撐,支持。句意:建筑物倒塌因?yàn)榈鼗粔蚶喂?,無(wú)法()它的重量。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

Itisagenerousandreceptiveintelligencethatwas(

)fromattainingitsfullscopebybadtraining,poorschoolandlackofopportunity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.foiled

B.thwarted

C.balked

D.inhabited

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。foil“阻止;挫敗”;thwart“反對(duì),阻礙”;balk“故意妨礙或阻止”;inhabit“居住于”。句意:糟糕的訓(xùn)練,落后的學(xué)校條件以及機(jī)會(huì)的缺失妨礙了一個(gè)慷慨樂(lè)于接受的大腦的完全開(kāi)發(fā)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B.thenattainedanygreatreliability

C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)??崭裉帪閺?qiáng)調(diào)句型,itwasnotunti+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that引導(dǎo)的完整句子。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquitelucidthismorning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.peaceful

C.patient

D.insane

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:她昨天晚上神志不清,但是今天早上看起來(lái)十分……。rational“理智的;清醒的”;peaceful“安靜的,平靜的”;patient“有耐心的”;insane“精神失常的”。根據(jù)“but”這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞可知后半句與前半句的意思是相反的,所以劃線單詞lucid的意思是“清醒的”,選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Alltransactionsare(

)strictly,andweneversell,rentortradeanycustomersname.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerable

B.confident

C.considerate

D.confidential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。considerable意為“相當(dāng)大(或多)的”;confident意為“確信的,深信的”;considerate意為“考慮周到的,體貼的”;confidential意為“機(jī)密的,保密的”。

句意:所有交易都是嚴(yán)格保密的,我們從不出售、租借或交易任何客戶的名字。

8.單選題

)thecaraccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。exceptfor除了……以外;butfor要不是……;besides此外,而且;savefor保存為,除……之外。句意:要不是那場(chǎng)車(chē)禍,他們可能早就到了。由下文theywouldhavearrivedearlier可知該句表示的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。butfor+n/pron,用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故答案B

9.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Theairwebreatheissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetwithoutitwecouldnotsurvivemorethanafewminutes.Forthemostpart,thesameairisavailabletoeveryone,andeveryoneneedsit.Somepeopleusetheairtosustainthemwhiletheysitaroundandfeelsorryforthemselves.Othersbreatheintheairandusetheenergyitprovidestomakeamagnificentlifeforthemselves.

Opportunityisthesameway.Itiseverywhere.Opportunityissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetopportunityaloneisnotenoughtocreatesuccess.Opportunitymustbeseizedandacteduponinordertohavevalue.Somanypeoplearesoanxiousto“getin”ona“groundflooropportunity’’,asiftheopportunitywilldoallthework.That’simpossible.Justasyouneedairtobreathe,youneedopportunitytosucceed.Ittakesmorethanjustbreathinginthefreshairofopportunity,however.Youmustmakeuseofthatopportunity.That’snotuptotheopportunity.That’suptoyou.Itdoesn’tmatterwhat“floor”theopportunityison.Whatmattersiswhatyoudowithit.

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

如果失敗了你會(huì)怎么做?很多人可能會(huì)選擇放棄。然而,要想成功,最可靠的方法就是堅(jiān)持你的方向和目標(biāo)。在通往成功的路上,你必須堅(jiān)持你的方向。它就像一盞燈,在黑暗中為你指路,幫助你度過(guò)難關(guān)。否則,你很容易就會(huì)迷失方向或猶豫不前。方向意味著目標(biāo),人生如果沒(méi)有目標(biāo),將一事無(wú)成。你可以試著把你的目標(biāo)寫(xiě)在紙上,并制定實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的計(jì)劃。這樣,你就會(huì)懂得如何合理安排時(shí)間,如何正確地支配時(shí)間。而且你還要有這樣的信念:只要你一直堅(jiān)持自己的方向,你就一定可以成功。

【答案】A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

【參考譯文】

我們所呼吸的空氣觸手可及,以至于我們將其視為理所當(dāng)然。然而,倘若沒(méi)有空氣,我們只能存活幾分鐘。大多數(shù)情況下,每個(gè)人都能呼吸到同樣的空氣,也都需要空氣。有的人一邊坐著自怨自艾,一邊又呼吸空氣來(lái)維持生命。另一些人卻呼吸空氣,并利用空氣提供的能量為自己創(chuàng)造美好的生活。

機(jī)遇也是如此。它無(wú)處不在。機(jī)遇是如此唾手可得,以至于我們將其當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然。然而,只有機(jī)遇不足以創(chuàng)造成功。為了讓機(jī)遇有價(jià)值,必須抓住機(jī)遇并采取行動(dòng)。很多人都急于抓住“先機(jī)”,好像抓住機(jī)遇就會(huì)一勞永逸,這是不可能的。正如你需要空氣來(lái)呼吸一樣,你也需要獲得成功的機(jī)遇。然而,成功不僅僅是呼吸到機(jī)遇的新鮮空氣。你必須利用所獲得的機(jī)遇。對(duì)機(jī)遇的利用不取決于機(jī)遇,而取決于你。機(jī)遇處于什么“階段”不重要,最重要的是你如何利用它。

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【參考譯文】

Whatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.However,thereliablewaytosuccessistoadheretoyourdirectionandgoal.Onthewaytosuccess,youmustkeepyourdirection.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessandhelpingyoupullthough.Otherwise,youwilleasilygetlostorhangback.Directionmeansgoals.Nothingcanbedonewithoutagoalinyourlife.Youcantrytowritedownyourgoalsandmakesomeplanstoachievethem.Inthisway,youwillknowhowtoarrangeanduseyourtimeproperly.Furthermore,youshouldhaveabeliefthatyouaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.

10.翻譯題

吳歌是中國(guó)吳語(yǔ)地區(qū)民歌民謠的總稱(chēng)。吳語(yǔ)地區(qū)包括江蘇南部、浙江北部和上海市,大致是指長(zhǎng)江下游的三角洲地區(qū)。這里是同一種方言的文化圈,同屬傳統(tǒng)吳文化范疇。“吳”的概念隨著歷代區(qū)域劃分而有所變化,如早期的“吳”指的是吳國(guó)領(lǐng)域,后來(lái)在曾包括現(xiàn)在的南京和揚(yáng)州等地,現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的“吳”是地域和方言區(qū)劃的概念。蘇州恰在它的中心地位,它是一座以“天堂”美名享譽(yù)古今中外的歷史文化名稱(chēng),歷史上采集吳歌,也以它為中心,在中國(guó)文學(xué)史上占有一定地位。

【答案】WuSongisthegeneralnametitleoffolksonginWulanguageareaofChina.WulanguageareaincludessouthernJiangsu,NorthernZhejiangandShanghai,referringtothedeltaareaofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.ThisisaculturalcircleofthesamedialectbelongingtotraditionalculturalofWuareas.Theconceptof“Wu”haschangedwiththehistoricalregionaldivision,forexample,“Wu”inearlytimereferstoWuarea,lateritincludedsomepresentplaces,suchasNanjingandYangzhou.“Wu”conrrentlyisaconceptofdivisionofregionanddialect.Suzhouexactlyisinthecenterofit,whichisahistoricalculturaltitlefamedas“paradise”.ItwasalsothecenterofWuSongcollectionandoccupieditspositioninthehistoryofliterature.

11.單選題

Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstopped(

)atdifferentvillages.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.constantly

B.continually

C.continuously

D.gradually

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)constantly“不斷地,時(shí)常地”,側(cè)重于事件發(fā)生的穩(wěn)定性和持續(xù)性以及經(jīng)久不變的狀態(tài);B選項(xiàng)continually“不停地,持續(xù)地,頻繁地”,側(cè)重于一段時(shí)間內(nèi)多次發(fā)生、時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)或中斷時(shí)間很短而又接連發(fā)生的狀態(tài);C選項(xiàng)continuously“連續(xù)不斷地”,側(cè)重在時(shí)間、物質(zhì)或廣度上沒(méi)有間斷的;D選項(xiàng)gradually“逐步地,漸漸地”。由“我們的行程很慢,因?yàn)榛疖?chē)_____在不同的村中??俊笨芍@種停靠是在“我們的行程中”發(fā)生的,是在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的,因此B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意:我們的行程很慢,因?yàn)榛疖?chē)頻繁地在不同的村中??俊?/p>

12.單選題

Thepoorgirlcouldn’t()fromhertearsanymorewhenhermothershowedup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.refrain

C.maintain

D.strain

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)remain“保持,停留”,B選項(xiàng)refrain“克制,節(jié)制,避免”,C選項(xiàng)maintain“維持,保持”,D選項(xiàng)strain“擔(dān)憂,壓力”。句意:當(dāng)她母親出現(xiàn)時(shí),這個(gè)可憐的女孩再也忍不住流淚了。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.單選題

His______mannerismsirritatedmanyofuswhohadknownhimbeforehispromotion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aesthetic

B.adverse

C.adroit

D.affected

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)aesthetic表示“美的,美學(xué)的,審美的”,B項(xiàng)adverse表示“不利的,相反的,敵對(duì)的”,C項(xiàng)adroit表示“敏捷的,靈巧的”,D項(xiàng)affected表示“受到影響的,(人或行為)做作的,假裝的”。根據(jù)irritatedmanyofus(激怒了我們很多人)可知,“做作的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:他裝模作樣的舉止激怒了我們中很多在他升職前就認(rèn)識(shí)他的人。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Inthe________ofdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology,manhasbecomemorecapableofconqueringnature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.event

B.search

C.wake

D.future

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.event事件,活動(dòng)B.search搜索,搜尋

C.wake尾流,航跡D.future未來(lái),將來(lái)

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由“morecapableofconqueringnature(征服自然的能力越來(lái)越強(qiáng))”可知,前半句是在介紹這種能力變強(qiáng)的原因。通常來(lái)說(shuō),人類(lèi)是通過(guò)科技來(lái)征服自然的,所以隨著科技的發(fā)展,征服自然的能力會(huì)越來(lái)越強(qiáng)。inthewakeof是固定搭配,意為“隨……之后而來(lái),跟隨在……后”,因此C選項(xiàng)wake“尾流,航跡”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)event“事件,活動(dòng)”,intheeventof指萬(wàn)一、如果發(fā)生了某事,由“hasbecome(已經(jīng)變得)”可知,科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的,而不是假設(shè)的情況,不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯;

B選項(xiàng)search“搜索,搜尋”,inthesearchof指尋找某事物,不能和“developmentsinscienceandtechnology(科技發(fā)展)”進(jìn)行搭配;

D選項(xiàng)future“未來(lái),將來(lái)”,inthefutureof指對(duì)于某事物的未來(lái),由“hasbecome(已經(jīng)變得)”可知,科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的,而不是未來(lái)的事,不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,人類(lèi)征服自然的能力也越來(lái)越強(qiáng)了。

15.單選題

Theprotectivecoveringoflobsters,nobodycoulddoubt,isanadaptationevolvedbyDarwinianselection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adjustment

B.application

C.argument

D.assembly

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adjustment“調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié);調(diào)節(jié)器”;B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用;申請(qǐng);應(yīng)用程序;敷用;(對(duì)事物、學(xué)習(xí)等)投入”;C選項(xiàng)argument“論證;論據(jù);爭(zhēng)吵;內(nèi)容提要;自變數(shù);主詞,受詞”;D選項(xiàng)assembly“裝配;集會(huì),集合;匯編,編譯”。句意:毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),龍蝦身上的保護(hù)層是由達(dá)爾文選擇進(jìn)化而來(lái)的一種適應(yīng)。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞adaptation“適應(yīng)”,得知A為正確答案。

16.單選題

Utopiaisaperfectplace.Itisaplacewithoutwar,hunger,poverty,orcrime.Itisaplacewherethepeopleworktogetherandshare.ThereisnomoneyinUtopiabecausethepeopledonotneedmoney.Theydonothavepersonalpossessionsbecauseeverythingbelongstoeveryone.AllofthepeopleareequalinUtopia,andthelawsareallfair.

Utopiaisnotanewplace.Plato,theancientGreekphilosopher,describedaperfectsocietyinhisfamousdialogueTheRepublic.InPlato'sRepublic,philosopherswerethekings,andeverypersonhadaplaceinthesociety.In1516,SirThomasMorewroteaboutanislandinthePacificOceanwhereeverythingwasperfect.Henamedtheisland“Utopia”.In1872,SamuelButlerwroteanovelaboutaperfectcountrywhichhenamed“Erehwon”.“Utopia”isaGreekwordthatmeans“notaplace”and“Erehwon”istheEnglishword“nowhere”spelledbackwards.

ManypeoplecametotheNewWorldtofindUtopia.TheShakers,areligiousgroup,wantedtolivelikethefirstChristians.TheShakersstartedtheirfirstcommunityinNewYorkin1776.GeorgeRapp,aGermanfarmer,cametotheUnitedStatesin1804tostartaUtopiancommunity.In1815,RappandhisfollowersboughtlandfortheircommunityinHarmony,Indiana,andtheymadethethingstheyneededwithmachines.In1824,theysoldthecommunitytoRobertOwen,whostartedtheUtopiancommunityofNewHarmonythere.InNewHarmony,everythingbelongedtoeveryoneandmenandwomenwereequal,butNewHarmonylastedonlytwoyears.ThenFrancisWrightbeganNashoba,acommunitywherewhitepeopleandblackpeoplecouldliveandworktogether,nearMemphis,Tennessee.Nashobalastedfrom1825to1830.AgroupofintellectualsfoundedBrookFarm,aUtopianfarmingcommunity,in1841.However,theydidnothavemanyfarmingskills,sothefarmclosedin1847.Fouryearslater,JosiahWarrensetupModernTimes,ananarchistcommunitynearNewYorkCity.Itclosedin1857.

Utopiaisaperfectplace,butitisnotarealplace.Most“real”Utopiaslastonlyashorttime.ThisisbecauseeveryonewantstoliveinUtopia,butnooneknowshowtomakeitwork.Asaresult,whenwesaysomethingis“Utopian”today,wemeanthatitisagoodideabutitisnotrealistic.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout().

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat().

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatShakers().

4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostappropriatedefinitionof“ananarchistcommunity”?

5.Allthe“Utopias”mentionedinthethirdparagraphlastedonlyabrieftimebecause().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatmakesUtopia

B.howtobuildUtopia

C.theoriginofUtopia

D.theeconomyofUtopia

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.“Utopia”isawordcreatedbyThomasMore

B.“Utopia”hasthesameconceptas“Erehwon”

C.ThomasMorenamedtheisland“Utopia”becausehewasGreek

D.thecharacteristicsofUtopiawerefirstmentionedinTheRepublic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.foundedthefirstcommunityinNewYork

B.believedthefirstChristiancommunitywasUtopia

C.hadtriedtofindUtopiaonlyinNewYork

D.hadestablishedthefirstrealUtopiaintheworld

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Acommunitywhosemembersbelieveinsomekindofreligion.

B.Acommunitywherepeopleliveundermuchself-control.

C.Acommunitywhereitsmembersaresupposedtobeequal.

D.Acommunitywhichiseconomicallypoorbutspirituallyrich.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.themembersdidn'tknowhowtorealizetheideaofUtopia

B.thememberswerenotsatisfiedwiththeideaofUtopia

C.thememberswerenotcapableenoughtobuildacommunity

D.themembersfoundthatUtopiaalsohadshortcomings

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout______.1.第一段主要是關(guān)于______。

A.whatmakesUtopiaA.烏托邦的形成

B.howtobuildUtopiaB.如何建立烏托邦

C.theoriginofUtopiaC.烏托邦的起源

D.theeconomyofUtopiaD.烏托邦的經(jīng)濟(jì)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先定位原文第一段,第一句指出“烏托邦是一個(gè)完美的地方”,然后后面具體描述這個(gè)地方是怎樣的,是如何美好等這些信息,都是在描述是什么造就了烏托邦,所以第一段主要是關(guān)于烏托邦是如何形成的,A項(xiàng)“烏托邦的形成”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“如何建立烏托邦”根據(jù)解題思路,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

C項(xiàng)“烏托邦的起源”是第二段的內(nèi)容,屬于張冠李戴;

D項(xiàng)“烏托邦的經(jīng)濟(jì)”沒(méi)有提及,無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat______.2.從第二段可以推斷______。

A.“Utopia”isawordcreatedbyThomasMoreA.“烏托邦”是托馬斯?莫爾創(chuàng)造的一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)

B.“Utopia”hasthesameconceptas“Erehwon”B.“烏托邦”和“埃雷亨”有相同的概念

C.ThomasMorenamedtheisland“Utopia”becausehewasGreekC.托馬斯?莫爾把這個(gè)島命名為“烏托邦”,因?yàn)樗窍ED人

D.thecharacteristicsofUtopiawerefirstmentionedinTheRepublicD.烏托邦的特征在《理想國(guó)》中首次被提及

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“1872年,塞繆爾?巴特勒寫(xiě)了一本關(guān)于一個(gè)完美國(guó)家的小說(shuō),他將其命名為‘埃雷亨’:‘烏托邦’是一個(gè)希臘語(yǔ)單詞,意思是‘非真實(shí)存在的地方’,而‘埃雷亨’是英語(yǔ)單詞‘nowhere’的倒寫(xiě)形式”,這也就是說(shuō),“埃雷亨”和“烏托邦”概念相同,都是表示“非真實(shí)存在的地方”。所以B項(xiàng)“‘烏托邦’和‘埃雷亨’有相同的概念”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“‘烏托邦’是托馬斯?莫爾創(chuàng)造的一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)”,根據(jù)解題思路可知,“烏托邦”是一個(gè)希臘詞語(yǔ),所以并不是托馬斯?莫爾創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的,他只是把島嶼命名為“烏托邦”,該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

C項(xiàng)“托馬斯?莫爾把這個(gè)島命名為‘烏托邦’,因?yàn)樗窍ED人”,原文沒(méi)有提到托馬斯?莫爾是希臘人,該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有;

D項(xiàng)“烏托邦的特征在《理想國(guó)》中首次被提及”,該段并沒(méi)有提到烏托邦的特征是首次在《理想國(guó)》中提及,該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatShakers______.3.從文章中我們可以得知震教徒______。

A.foundedthefirstcommunityinNewYorkA.在紐約建立了第一個(gè)社區(qū)

B.believedthefirstChristiancommunitywasUtopiaB.認(rèn)為第一個(gè)基督教社區(qū)是烏托邦

C.hadtriedtofindUtopiaonlyinNewYorkC.只在紐約尋找烏托邦

D.hadestablishedthefirstrealUtopiaintheworldD.已經(jīng)建立了世界上第一個(gè)真正的烏托邦

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Shakers定位到第三段,根據(jù)第二和第三句“震教徒,一個(gè)宗教團(tuán)體,想要像第一批基督徒一樣生活。震教徒于1776年在紐約建立了他們的第一個(gè)社區(qū)?!庇纱丝梢酝茢喑?,這個(gè)團(tuán)體認(rèn)為第一批基督徒所生活的社區(qū)是烏托邦,所以才會(huì)來(lái)到新大陸尋找烏托邦。所以B項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為第一個(gè)基督教社區(qū)是烏托邦”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“在紐約建立了第一個(gè)社區(qū)”,根據(jù)解題思路可知,震教徒建立的是屬于他們自己團(tuán)體的第一個(gè)社區(qū),并不是紐約市的第一個(gè),該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

C項(xiàng)“只在紐約尋找烏托邦”,他們是在新大陸而不僅僅是在紐約尋找烏托邦,最后是在紐約建立了社區(qū),該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

D項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)建立了世界上第一個(gè)真正的烏托邦”,沒(méi)有提及,無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostappropriatedefinitionof“ananarchistcommunity”?4.下列哪一項(xiàng)可能是“無(wú)政府主義社區(qū)”最恰當(dāng)?shù)亩x?

A.Acommunitywhosemembersbelieveinsomekindofreligion.A.成員信仰某種宗教的社區(qū)。

B.Acommunitywherepeopleliveundermuchself-control.B.一個(gè)人們生活在自我控制之下的社區(qū)。

C.Acommunitywhereitsmembersaresupposedtobeequal.C.一個(gè)成員應(yīng)該平等的社區(qū)。

D.Acommunitywhichiseconomicallypoorbutspirituallyrich.D.一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上貧窮但精神上富有的社區(qū)。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞ananarchistcommunity可定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句“四年后,喬賽亞?沃倫在紐約市附近建立了一個(gè)無(wú)政府主義社區(qū)”,在這之前所提及的community都是屬于烏托邦式的,由此可以推斷ananarchistcommunity也屬于烏托邦式的社區(qū),而描寫(xiě)前面幾個(gè)烏托邦式的社區(qū)時(shí),對(duì)此有描述,如第三段第七和第八句“在新和諧社會(huì),一切都屬于所有人,男女平等,但新和諧社會(huì)只持續(xù)了兩年。后來(lái),弗朗西斯?賴特在田納西州孟菲斯附近創(chuàng)建了納舒巴社區(qū),在那里白人和黑人可以一起生活和工作?!保汕懊鎸?duì)社區(qū)的描述我們可以看出,equal這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞能夠很好的表達(dá)出烏托邦的特點(diǎn),所以C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)成員應(yīng)該平等的社區(qū)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“成員信仰某種宗教的社區(qū)”、B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人們生活在自我控制之下的社區(qū)”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上貧窮但精神上富有的社區(qū)”在文章中沒(méi)有相關(guān)描述,屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Allthe“Utopias”mentionedinthethirdparagraphlastedonlyabrieftimebecause______.5.第三段提到的所有“烏托邦”都只持續(xù)了很短的時(shí)間,因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.themembersdidn’tknowhowtorealizetheideaofUtopiaA.成員們不知道如何實(shí)現(xiàn)烏托邦的想法

B.thememberswerenotsatisfiedwiththeideaofUtopiaB.成員們對(duì)烏托邦的想法并不滿意

C.thememberswerenotcapableenoughtobuildacommunityC.成員們沒(méi)有足夠的能力建立一個(gè)社區(qū)

D.themembersfoundthatUtopiaalsohadshortcomingsD.成員們發(fā)現(xiàn)烏托邦也有缺點(diǎn)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第二三句“大多數(shù)真正的烏托邦只能維持很短的時(shí)間。這是因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都想生活在烏托邦里,但沒(méi)有人知道如何實(shí)現(xiàn)它?!笨芍谌翁岬降乃小盀跬邪睢倍贾怀掷m(xù)了很短的時(shí)間,因?yàn)樯鐓^(qū)成員不知道如何去實(shí)現(xiàn)烏托邦式的生活,A項(xiàng)“成員們不知道如何實(shí)現(xiàn)烏托邦的想法”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“成員們對(duì)烏托邦的想法并不滿意”和D項(xiàng)“成員們發(fā)現(xiàn)烏托邦也有缺點(diǎn)”沒(méi)有提及,無(wú)中生有;

C項(xiàng)“成員們沒(méi)有足夠的能力建立一個(gè)社區(qū)”由解題思路可知,該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

17.單選題

Ⅴ.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

TheConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently.Aconstitutionalclaimisaclaimthataparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpowerortransgressedarestriction.Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.Thepredicatesofjudicialreviewinevitablydependuponthesubjectsofjudicialreview.Currentpracticespeaks,euphemistically,ofchallengesto“statutes,”thusobscuringthesubjectsofconstitutionalclaims.ButtheConstitutiondoesnotprohibitstatutes;itprohibitsactions—theactionsofparticulargovernmentactors.Thus,everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwiththesubjectoftheconstitutionalclaim.Andthefirstquestioninanysuchinquiryshouldbethewhoquestion:whohasallegedlyviolatedtheConstitution?

ThisArticle’spredecessor,TheSubjectsoftheConstitution,demonstratedtheanalyticalpowerofthisseeminglyinnocuousquestion.Tobeginwith,thewhoquestionrevealsconstitutionalculprits,triggeringtheessentialbackstopsofconstitutionalaccountability.IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.Inthetypicalconstitutionalcase,thelegislaturewillmakealaw,theexecutivewillexecuteit,andsomeonewillclaimthathisconstitutionalrightshavebeenviolated.ThefirstquestiontoasksuchaclaimantiswhohasviolatedtheConstitution?Thelegislature,bymakingthelaw?Ortheexecutive,byexecutingit?

Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.ItisthisdichotomythattheCourthasobscuredwithitsanthropomorphictropethat“statutes”—ratherthangovernmentactors—violatetheConstitution.AnditisthisdichotomythattheCourthasbeengraspingforwithitsmuddleddistinctionbetween“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”.Properlyunderstood,a“facialchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetolegislativeaction,andan“as-appliedchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetoexecutiveaction.

Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.

67.WhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedcannotbedecidedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolateditbecause___.

68.ThewhoquestionrelatestothefollowingBUT____.

69.Thefundamentaldichotomyaddressedinparagraph3refersto___.

70.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedword“enterprises”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpower

B.theConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently

C.differentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowers

D.differentgovernmentactorsareboundbydifferentrestrictions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theviolatorsoftheConstitution

B.thebasicformsofjudicialreview

C.peoples’knowledgeoftheConstitution

D.thepublicopinionregardinggovernmentalofficers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”

B.statutesandgovernmentactors

C.legislativeactionandexecutiveaction

D.judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.project

B.courageandwillingnesstobeinvolved

C.businessactivity

D.BusinessCompany

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】67.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.(但是,由于不同的政府行為者被賦予不同的權(quán)力,受到不同的限制,如果不知道是誰(shuí)違反了憲法,就無(wú)法確定憲法是否被違反了)可知選B選項(xiàng)“憲法賦予和限制不同的官員不同的權(quán)力”;A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)特定的政府行為者已經(jīng)超越了權(quán)力的授予”,C選項(xiàng)“不同的政府角色被賦予不同的權(quán)力”以及D選項(xiàng)“不同的政府行為者受到不同的限制”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

68.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“whoquestion”定位到原文第二段IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.(如果憲法被違反了,人民必須知道是誰(shuí)違反了憲法,這樣他們才能知道該責(zé)怪誰(shuí),該投票反對(duì)誰(shuí),該彈劾誰(shuí))可知“whoquestion”涉及到A選項(xiàng)“違反憲法的人”以及C選項(xiàng)“人民對(duì)憲法的了解”,只有人民對(duì)憲法有了解,才能知道如何責(zé)怪,投票以及彈劾;第二段Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.(誰(shuí)的問(wèn)題也確立了司法審查的兩種基本形式)可知“whoquestion”涉及到B選項(xiàng)“司法審查的基本形式”;在原文中“whoquestion”沒(méi)有涉及D選項(xiàng)“公眾對(duì)政府官員的意見(jiàn)”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

69.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Thefundamentaldichotomy”定位到原文第三段Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.(這種對(duì)立法行為的司法審查與行政行為的司法審查之間的基本二分法,就是憲法的組織二分法)可知選C選項(xiàng)“立法行動(dòng)和行政行動(dòng)”;A選項(xiàng)“‘成文法面臨的挑戰(zhàn)’和‘成文法已應(yīng)用的挑戰(zhàn)’”,B選項(xiàng)“法規(guī)和政府角色”以及D選項(xiàng)“立法行為的司法審查和行政行為的司法審查”都不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

70.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到原文最后一段Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.(對(duì)立法行為的司法審查與對(duì)行政行為的司法審查是兩個(gè)形式上、結(jié)構(gòu)上、時(shí)間上完全不同的項(xiàng)目。這些基本差異決定了司法審查的結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)質(zhì)),“enterprises”本身表示企業(yè),但是根據(jù)原文,探討的內(nèi)容是憲法的問(wèn)題,和商業(yè)無(wú)關(guān),排除C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)活動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)公司”;B選項(xiàng)“參與的勇氣和意愿”并不是原文所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容;從原文可以判斷出“enterprises”表示“項(xiàng)目”,A選項(xiàng)“項(xiàng)目”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly()familiarity

withtechnology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inquestof

B.bymeansof

C.intermsof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不能僅從熟悉技術(shù)的角度來(lái)解釋年輕人對(duì)立體音響的喜愛(ài)。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。inquestof為了尋求…;bymeansof借助…手段;intermsof根據(jù)…;從……方面來(lái)說(shuō):byvirtueof憑借…的力量,由于。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

TheAmericandreamismost()duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.patriotic

C.primitive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的,花言巧語(yǔ)的”;B選項(xiàng)patriotic“愛(ài)國(guó)的”;C選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的,粗糙的”;D選項(xiàng)partial“偏愛(ài)的,不公平的”,這里要考慮句子前后的邏輯關(guān)系,美國(guó)資本主義帶來(lái)發(fā)達(dá)的生產(chǎn)力,創(chuàng)造了巨大的財(cái)富,因此一時(shí)之間美國(guó)夢(mèng)看起來(lái)似乎是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,其它三項(xiàng)均不能使句子句意通順。句意:在美國(guó)資本主義帶來(lái)高度的生產(chǎn)力和巨大的財(cái)富期間,美國(guó)夢(mèng)似乎是最能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知,A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

20.翻譯題

B:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(5points)

Theintellectualpropertiesincludetwomainparts:theindustrialpropertiesandthepublishingproperties.Theindustrialpropertyprotectionismainlyconcernedwiththeprotectionoftheinventionsintrademarksanddesignsofindustrialproducts.Italsostipulatestheprohibitionofimpropercompetition.Theformerthreeaspectshavesomethingincommonfortheirexclusivemethodsinprotectingintellectualproperties,suchasinventions,trademarksandtheproductsurfaceoutlooks,etc.However,ithasnothingtodowiththepatentrightsinprohibitingunfaircompetition.Itismainlyaboutthepreventionofunfaircompetitionsindishonestbusinessbehaviors.

【答案】【參考譯文】

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)包括兩個(gè)主要部分:工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)和版權(quán)。工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)主要是對(duì)發(fā)明﹑商標(biāo)和工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計(jì)的保護(hù),以及制止不正當(dāng)

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