書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽冶金科技職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高氣揚）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(帶頭，做先鋒)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

問題2選項

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

問題3選項

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

問題4選項

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

問題5選項

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)判斷題。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在運動生涯結(jié)束后仍然很受歡迎)。C選項說從拳擊退役后，他的聲望下降了,與原文不符。

2.語義題。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，這里要表達的是“豐富的才能,足智多謀”，productive最相符。

3.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了膚色障礙,成為第一個黑人棒球運動員)。B選項與此不符。

4.細節(jié)歸納題。文中提到的每個名人在其領(lǐng)域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度認可。

5.主旨大意題。本文只介紹了一些非裔美國人在政治和文化方面的生平事跡，但是并沒有著重于他們帶來的影響。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

歷史和個人的經(jīng)歷共同教育了那些處境不佳的人。他們在奮斗的道路上戰(zhàn)勝重重困難，跨越種種障礙。不少窮人自學成才，通過鼓足勇氣堅忍不拔地前進，取得卓越成就而贏得了全世界的矚目和尊敬。

一生依賴別人幫助的人，在危機的時刻很少有所作為。當不幸來臨時，他會四處尋求依靠。如果沒有依靠，他將垂頭喪氣。一旦垂頭喪氣，他們就會像一只翻了身的烏龜，毫無辦法。許多男孩出人意料地成功了，僅僅是因為他失去了一切支持而不得不自立。

【答案】Historyandpersonalexperiencetogethereducatethepoor.Theyovercomemanydifficultiesandobstaclesinthecourseofstruggle.Manypoorpeoplehavebecometalentsbyself-study.Theyhaveachievedremarkableachievementsandwontheattentionandrespectfromtheworldthroughforgingaheadwithcourageandperseverance.

Themanwhodependsonothersforhislifeseldommakesadifferenceintimesofcrisis.Whenmisfortunecomes,hewillseektohelpeverywhere.Hewillbelowspiritswithoutsupport.Oncedepressed,they,likeaturtlethathasturnedover,havenothingtodowithit.Manyboysaresurprisinglysuccessfulsimplybecauseheloseallsupportandhastostandonhisownfeet.

3.翻譯題

Thisworkbelongswithinthemovementoftheso-called“ThirdForce”psychology,butunlikemanyotherworksinthisstreamofthought/itapproachestheproblemsofmanasapersonfromapointofviewthatcomesfromwithinscienceandfromanacademicpsychologicalperspective.Istressthisnotbecausetherehavebeennoothersuchattempts,butbecausetheseattemptsareintheminority—andbecauseveryoften,tothosewhoarenotknowledgeableaboutthemovement,ThirdForcepsychologyseemstobeadomainreservedexclusivelyforclinicians.ThisimpressionisobtainedbecausemostoftheThirdForcepsychologistsarecliniciansorpsychologistsinterestedinpersonalitytheory.Also,themistakennotionthatifoneisinterestedinthewholepersonthenitisnotpossibletobescientificisstilltooprevalent.Intruth,theimpactofthispsychologyisbynomeanslimitedtoclinicalpsychology—itsinsightsarerelevantforthewholefield.Moreover,itispreciselytheprejudicethatthispsychologymustbeeitherantiscientificornonscientificthatwewouldliketochallenge.

【答案】【參考譯文】

這部作品屬于所謂的第三勢力心理學運動，但與這一思潮中的許多其他作品不同，它從科學和學術(shù)心理學的角度來處理人之所以為人的問題。我強調(diào)這一點不是因為沒有其他這樣的嘗試，而是因為這些嘗試是少數(shù)的，而且很多時候，對于那些不了解這一運動的人來說，第三力量心理學似乎是一個專門為臨床醫(yī)生保留的領(lǐng)域。這種印象之所以產(chǎn)生，是因為大多數(shù)的第三勢力心理學家都是臨床醫(yī)生或?qū)θ烁窭碚摳信d趣的心理學家。此外，如果一個人對完整的人感興趣，那么就不可能進行科學研究這樣一種錯誤觀念仍然非常普遍。事實上，這種心理學的影響并不局限于臨床心理學——它的洞見與整個領(lǐng)域都相關(guān)。此外，我們要反駁的正是這種心理學必須是反科學或非科學的偏見。

4.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidedbythemselveswhethertoreestablishasovereignnation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestates—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativessuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLaluigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimtolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

2.JohnWaihee’sattitudetowardsthenativeHawaiians’sovereigntymovementcanbestbedescribedas“______”.

3.TheOfficeofHawaiianAffairsmostwantstosupportthenativeHawaiiansto______.

4.Accordingtothefifthparagraph,itishardtodetermine______.

5.ConcerningtheHawaiiancrownland,whatdothenativeHawaiiansdemandfromthegovernment?

問題1選項

A.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherHawaiiangroups.

B.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

C.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

D.TheirlifespanisfiveyearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

問題2選項

A.democratic

B.optimistic

C.demanding

D.ambitious

問題3選項

A.establishasovereignofHawaiiannation

B.becomeautonomousratherthanestablishingasovereignnation

C.focusondevelopingeconomicallyinsteadoffightingpolitically

D.joininthelocalindependencemovement

問題4選項

A.howmanypeoplewilltakepartinthesovereigntymovement

B.whowillberegardedasnativeHawaiians

C.howmanypeoplewillenjoytheautonomy

D.whatqualificationsonewillhavesoastoleadtheautonomy

問題5選項

A.Theywantthegovernmenttoacknowledgetheirownershipoftheland.

B.Theywantthegovernmenttopayarentforthelandonayearlybasis.

C.Theywantthegovernmenttostopusingthelandforanypurpose.

D.Theywantthegovernmenttopaymorebackrentontheland.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“關(guān)于夏威夷土著，下列哪項陳述是正確的？”。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.（1898年，這些島嶼被美國吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民的處境比其他任何種族的人都要糟糕）可知，A項“他們的生活比其他夏威夷族群更糟糕”正確；由第二段最后一句TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.（他們是沒有什么自治權(quán)的唯一主要的美國本土群體）可知，B項“他們是唯一沒有主權(quán)的土著群體”表述不準確，并不是唯一沒有主權(quán)的土著居民，而是唯一主要的美國本土群體；由第二段第二句Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.（他們占全州無家可歸者的60%以上，失業(yè)率高，壽命比夏威夷人平均壽命短5年）可知，C項“其中60%無家可歸或失業(yè)”和D項“他們的壽命比普通美國人短5年”也與原文不符合。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“JohnWaihee對夏威夷原住民主權(quán)運動的態(tài)度可以用……來描述”。根據(jù)第三段的描述ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidedbythemselveswhethertoreestablishasovereignnation.（但是，由夏威夷第一位土著州長JohnWaihee成立的主權(quán)咨詢委員會，通過建議夏威夷土著自行決定是否重建一個主權(quán)國家，為土著的事業(yè)提供了重大推動。）可以推斷，JohnWaihee對夏威夷原住民主權(quán)運動的態(tài)度是民主的，A項“民主”符合題意；B項“樂觀”、C項“苛求的”和D項“雄心勃勃”表述都不準確。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室最希望支持夏威夷原住民……”。根據(jù)第四段中的Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestates—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativessuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs（一些人只是想在州內(nèi)享有更大的自治權(quán)，就像許多美國印第安土著享有的自治權(quán)一樣，比如教育，這一立場得到了夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室的支持）可知，夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室支持夏威夷原住民自治，B項“自治，而不是建立一個主權(quán)國家”正確；A項“建立夏威夷國家的主權(quán)”表述與文意相反；C項“強調(diào)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展而不是政治斗爭”和D項“參加地方獨立運動”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第五段，很難決定……”。根據(jù)第五段ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.（但是，如果夏威夷當?shù)厝吮毁x予更大的自治權(quán)，這將適用于多少人還遠不清楚。州政府只把那些有50%以上夏威夷血統(tǒng)的人算為本地居民。）可知，很難決定多少人可以被賦予自治權(quán)，C項“多少人將享有自治權(quán)”正確；A項“有多少人會參加主權(quán)運動”和D項“一個人將有什么資格來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)自治”沒有提到；B項“誰將被視為土著夏威夷人”在文中有明確的表述。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“關(guān)于夏威夷皇冠土地，夏威夷本地人對政府有什么要求？”。最后一段指出Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.（然而，當?shù)厝说囊蟛⒉粌H僅是基于政治上的不滿。他們還要求接受他們對66萬公頃夏威夷皇冠土地的要求。正是在這個問題上，土著群體面臨著來自州當局的最大反對。），由此可知，夏威夷本地人對政府的要求是承認他們對土地的所有權(quán)，A項“他們想讓政府承認他們對土地的所有權(quán)”正確；文中提到了土地的拖欠資金問題，B項“他們希望政府按年支付土地租金”、C項“他們希望政府停止使用土地的任何目的”和D項“他們想要政府支付更多的土地租金”都沒有提到。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

5.單選題

IcannevertouchlobsterbecauseI’m（）toshellfish.

e

問題1選項

A.sensitive

B.allergic

C.infected

D.sensibl

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項sensitiveadj.敏感的，易受傷害的；B選項allergicadj.對……過敏的；C選項infectedadj.被感染的；D選項sensibleadj.明智的，明顯的，通情達理的。句意：我不能接觸龍蝦，因為我對殼類動物過敏。根據(jù)句意，本題選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

Thejudgecriticizedthelawyerbecausehedidn’tkeephisremarkstothetopic（

）discussion.

問題1選項

A.on

B.under

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。underdiscussion“在討論中”。句意：法官批評了律師，因為他沒有在討論中就這個話題發(fā)表言論。B項正確。

7.問答題

Therehasbeeninverserelationshipbetweenhouseholdnetworthandthepersonalsavingrate,

A

consistentwiththepermanentincomehypothesis,underwhichhouseholdexpendituresrespond

B

principallytochangesinlong-termwealthratherthanshort-termfluctuationsinincome.

C

D

【答案】試題答案：D;of

【解析】考查介詞搭配。此處表示的是收入的短期波動，屬于從屬關(guān)系，用介詞of。

8.單選題

Shoppingmallshavesomeadvantageinsufferingfromshorterperiodsof（）business.

問題1選項

A.stale

B.slack

C.ferrous

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。stale不新鮮的，可以指食物，也可以指事情；slack松弛的，不活躍的；生意不景氣的；ferrous含鐵的；abundant大量的，充足的。句子中與business搭配的應(yīng)該是slack,slackbusiness指“生意不景氣，蕭條”。

9.單選題

Afewyearsago,AnnandWalterTaylorthoughtitmightbetimetomoveoutoftheirNewYorkCityapartmenttothesuburbs.Theyhadoneyoungsonandanotherchildontheway.Butaftermonthsoflooking,theybecamediscouragedanddecidedtobuyanoldtownhouserightinthemiddleofBrooklyn,whichisapartofNewYorkCity.Totheirdelight,theydiscoveredthattheyweren'ttheonlyyoungcoupletohavemadesuchadecision.Infact,theentireareainBrooklynhadbeensettledbyyoungfamilies.Andasaresult,theneighborhood,whichhadbeendecliningforyears,wasnowbeingrestored.

Brooklynisn'ttheonlycityintheUnitedStatestoexperiencethiskindofrenewal.SoarePhiladelphiaandSt.Louis.AndCharleston,SouthCarolina,hassosuccessfullyrebuiltitsoldcentralareathatitnowranksasoneofAmerica'smostcharmingcities.TherestorationoftheoldportcityofSavannah,Georgia,isalsolivingproofthatdowntownareasdonotneedtodie.Butencouragingasthesedevelopmentsmaybe,theyareamongthefewbrightspotsinamassofdifficultiesthattoday'scitiesface.Indeed,theirwoesaresomanythatitisfairtoaskwhetherornottheinnercity,thecoreofmosturbanareaswillmanagetosurviveatall.

Inthe1940s,urbanAmericansbeganamassmovetothesuburbsinsearchoffreshair,Elbowroom,andprivacy.Suburbsbegantosprawloutacrossthecountryside.Sincemostofthosemakingthemoveweremiddle-class,theytookwiththemthetaxmoneythecitiesneededtomaintaintheneighborhoodsinwhichtheyhadlived.Thepeopleleftinthecitieswereoftenthosewhoweretoooldortoopoortomove.Thus,manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepair.Crimebegantosoar,andpublictransportationwasneglected.(InthepastsixtyyearsSanFranciscoistheonlycityintheUnitedStatestohavecompletedanewmasstransitsystem.)Meanwhile,housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.Middle-classhousingwasallowedtodecay,andlittlenewhousingwasconstructed.

Eventually,manydowntownareasexistedforbusinessonly.Duringthedaytheywouldbefilledwithpeopleworkinginoffices,andatnighttheywouldbedeserted.Giventhesecircumstances,somebusinessexecutivesbeganasking,“Whybotherwithgoingdowntownatall?Whynotmovetheofficestothesuburbssothatwecanliveandworkinthesamearea?”Gradually,someofthelargercompaniesbeganmovingoutofthecities,withtheresultthaturbancentersdeclinedevenfurtherandsuburbsexpandedstillmore.ThismovementofbusinessestothesuburbsisnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates.BusinesseshavealsobeenmovingtothesuburbsinStockholm,Sweden,InBonn,Germany,andinBrussels,Belgium,aswell.

Butitmaywellbethatthismovementtothesuburbshasreacheditspeak.Somepeoplemaybetiredofspendinglonghourscommuting,andtheymayhavebeguntomisstheadvantagesofcultureandcompanionshipprovidedbycitylife.PerhapsthedecisionmadebyTaylorsisasignthatpeoplewillreturntothecitiesandbegintorestorethem.Itbeginstolookasifsuburbansprawlmaynothavebeentheanswertoman'sneedtocreateanidealenvironmentinwhichtoliveandwork.

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat（）.

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause（）.

問題1選項

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironment

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbs

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtolive

D.Americanpeoplemovealotinhistory

問題2選項

A.privatespace

B.roomtomovefreely

C.peacefulplaces

D.confinedroom

問題3選項

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.

問題4選項

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.

問題5選項

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorise

B.housingwasallowedtodecay

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecities

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecities

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Theauthorofthepassagesuggeststhat______.1.本文作者認為______。

A.movingtosuburbsisnottheanswertoanidealenvironmentA.搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案

B.citiesarelikelytobereplacedbythesuburbsB.城市可能會被郊區(qū)所取代

C.downtownareasaretoocrowdedtoliveC.市中心太擁擠了，無法居住

D.AmericanpeoplemovealotinhistoryD.歷史上美國人經(jīng)常搬家

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】原文在第一段描述了一對夫婦搬家，經(jīng)過多番尋找，最終還是決定留在市區(qū)。事實上，還有許多家庭亦是如此。所以作者接著提到了市區(qū)重建，以前人們都向郊區(qū)遷移，但現(xiàn)在大家厭倦了長時間的通勤，開始懷念城市生活，這也是市區(qū)重建的原因。實際上從側(cè)面表明郊區(qū)已經(jīng)無法給人們帶來理想的生活環(huán)境，文章最后一句提出“似乎郊區(qū)擴張并不能滿足人類創(chuàng)造理想生活和工作環(huán)境的需要”，所以A項“搬到郊區(qū)并不是理想環(huán)境的答案”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

B項“城市可能會被郊區(qū)所取代”，最后一段提到向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢很可能已經(jīng)達到了頂峰，所以人們可能將返回城市，因此城市不可能會被郊區(qū)取代，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“市中心太擁擠了，無法居住”根據(jù)第三段第一句“美國城市居民為了尋找新鮮的空氣、舒適的空間和隱私，開始大規(guī)模遷往郊區(qū)”可知，人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因是尋找新鮮空氣和舒適的空間與隱私，該項屬于曲解原文；

D項“歷史上美國人經(jīng)常搬家”并沒有提到，該項屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Theword“elbowroom”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“______”.2.第三段中的“elbowroom”很可能是“______”的意思。

A.privatespaceA.私人空間

B.roomtomovefreelyB.自由活動的空間

C.peacefulplacesC.和平的地方

D.confinedroomD.密閉房間

【答案】B

【考查點】詞義推測題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第一句“20世紀40年代，美國城市居民開始大規(guī)模遷移到郊區(qū)，尋找新鮮空氣、elbowroom和私人空間”，由此可知，elbowroom應(yīng)該與新鮮空氣、私人空間一樣，都是城區(qū)沒有而郊區(qū)所擁有的東西，而elbow本身的含義是“肘部”，綜合理解可以推測，elbowroom指的是“能夠活動的空間”，所以B項“自由活動的空間”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“私人空間”與原文中的privacy重復(fù)，曲解原文；

C項“和平的地方”不是郊區(qū)所獨有的，也屬于曲解原文；

D項“有限的空間”顯然不是郊區(qū)的特點，所以不符合題干，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?3.下列哪一個陳述是正確的？

A.Therearejustoldandpoorpeopleleftinthecities.A.城市里只剩下老人和窮人。

B.Themovementtothesuburbsbeginstodecline.B.向郊區(qū)的遷移開始減少。

C.Downtownareasmustdieinthefuture.C.市中心在未來一定會消失。

D.Suburbsaresuretoreplacecities.D.郊區(qū)一定會取代城市。

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢很可能已經(jīng)達到了頂峰”可知，搬到郊區(qū)的這種遷移活動到達頂峰，也就是說這種活動開始要下降了，B項“向郊區(qū)的遷移開始減少”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”，根據(jù)第三段第四句“留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人”可知，城市里留下的大多是老人和窮人，而該項中的just表述太絕對，屬于曲解原文；

C項“市中心在未來一定會消失”根據(jù)第二段第四句“喬治亞州舊港口城市薩凡納的修復(fù)，很好地證明了市區(qū)不需要消亡”可知，該項屬于反向干擾；

D項“郊區(qū)一定會取代城市”根據(jù)最后一段第一句“但這種向郊區(qū)遷移的趨勢很可能已經(jīng)達到了頂峰”和倒數(shù)第二句“也許泰勒的決定是一個信號，人們將返回城市，并開始重建它們”可知，該項屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Whyhavebusinessesbeenmovingtosuburbs?4.為什么企業(yè)紛紛遷往郊區(qū)？

A.Becausetheenvironmentispleasantinthesuburbs.A.因為郊區(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人。

B.Becausethesuburbshavedevelopedrapidly.B.因為郊區(qū)發(fā)展迅速。

C.Becauserichpeoplehavemovedtosuburbs.C.因為富人都搬到郊區(qū)去了。

D.Becausemanypeopleworkincitiesandliveinsuburbs.D.因為很多人在城市工作，住在郊區(qū)。

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“許多市區(qū)僅僅為了商業(yè)而存在。白天，房子里擠滿了辦公的人，到了晚上，里面就空無一人了。”可知，這兩句說明人們白天在市區(qū)工作，晚上就回到了郊區(qū)生活?？紤]到這些情況，企業(yè)把辦公室搬到了郊區(qū)，這樣就可以在同一個地區(qū)生活和工作了。D項“因為很多人在城市工作，住在郊區(qū)”就是企業(yè)遷移到郊區(qū)的原因，符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“因為郊區(qū)的環(huán)境很宜人”是人們遷往郊區(qū)的原因，并不是企業(yè)搬到郊區(qū)的原因，該項張冠李戴；

B項“因為郊區(qū)發(fā)展迅速”和C項“因為富人都搬到郊區(qū)去了”沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepairinthe1940sbecause______.5.20世紀40年代，許多城市開始年久失修，原因是______。

A.housingconstructioncostscontinuedtoriseA.住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升

B.housingwasallowedtodecayB.房屋被放任自流

C.manypeoplemovedoutofthecitiesC.許多人搬離了城市

D.onlyoldandpoorpeoplewereleftinthecitiesD.城市里只剩下老人和窮人

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段三四五句“由于大多數(shù)搬來的人都是中產(chǎn)階級，他們帶走了城市維持他們曾經(jīng)居住的社區(qū)所需的稅收。留在城市的人往往是那些太老或太窮而不能搬家的人。因此，許多城市開始年久失修。”可知，中產(chǎn)階級的人們搬到郊區(qū)的同時，帶走了城市用來維持社區(qū)的稅收，也就是說沒有錢來支撐城市社區(qū)的維護，所以城市開始年久失修。所以C項“許多人搬離了城市”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“住房建設(shè)成本繼續(xù)上升”和B項“房屋被放任自流”是人們遷往郊區(qū)給城市帶來的后果，并不是城市年久失修的原因，屬于出處錯位；

D項“城市里只剩下老人和窮人”表述太絕對，該項曲解原文。

10.單選題

Whenphotographinganobjectfromdifferentviewpoints,thephotographer'sperspectiveof（

）changes.

問題1選項

A.ofwhatisseeing

B.seeingwhat

C.itseeswhat

D.whatitsees

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格部分為介詞of的賓語，所以填入一個賓語從句。特殊疑問詞可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并且要用陳述語序。句意：當從不同的角度拍攝一個物體時，攝影師對它所看到的東西的視覺會發(fā)生變化。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Therewere150_____attheinternationalconferencethissummer.

問題1選項

A.spectators

B.viewers

C.participants

D.onlookers

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。spectator觀眾，旁觀者；viewer觀察者，觀看者；participant參與者；onlooker旁觀者，觀眾。句意：今年夏季的國際會議有150名與會者。選項C符合原文。

12.單選題

Whentheairinacertainspaceissqueezedtooccupyasmallerspace,theairissaidtobe（）.

問題1選項

A.commenced

B.compressed

C.compromised

D.compensated

【答案】B

【解析】commenced開始；compressed壓縮；compromised妥協(xié)；compensated補償。句意：當某一空間的空氣被擠壓以占據(jù)更小的空間時，我們說空氣被壓縮了。選項B符合句意。

13.單選題

Eventhoughcultureswidelyassumethatboysarestrongerandsturdierthangirls,basicbiologicalweaknessesarebuiltintothemaleofourspecies.Firstofall,humanmalesseemtobeslowlydisappearing.MotherNaturehasalwaysacknowledgedandcompensatedforthefragilityandlossofboysbyarrangingformoreofthem:106malebirthsto100femalenewbornsoverthecourseofhumanhistory.Butinrecentdecades,fromtheUnitedStatestoJapan,fromCanadatonorthernEurope,whereverresearchershavelooked,therateofmalenewbornshasdeclined.ExaminingUSbirthrecordsfortheyearsbetween1970and1990,theyfound1.7fewerboysper1,000thanindecadesandcenturiespast;Japan'slossinthesamedecadeswas3.7boys.

Boysarealsomorethantwo-thirdsmorelikelythangirlstobebomprematurelybeforethe37thweekofpregnancy.And,despiteadvancesinpublichealth,boysinthe1990sfaceda30percenthigherchanceofdeathbytheirfirstbirthdaythangirls;incontrast,backinthe1750s,theywereonly10percentmorelikelythangirlstodiesoearlyintheirlives.

Oncetheymakeittochildhood,boysfaceotherchallenges.Theyaremorepronetoarangeofneurologicaldisorders.Autism自閉癥isnotoriouslyhigheramongboysthangirls:nownearlyfivetimesmorelikely,astalliedbytheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Theyaremoresusceptiblethangirlstodamagefromverylow-levelexposuretolead.Yetanotherproblem:boyssufferfromasthmaathigherrates.There'salsoastrongerlinkbetweenairpollutionandautisminboys.

Whydoboysfacesuchaburdenofphysicalchallenges?Theansweristhatthemale’sproblemsstartinthewomb:fromhismorecomplicatedfetaldevelopment,tohisgeneticmakeup,tohowhishormoneswork.Thenine-monthtransformationfromafewcellstoaninfantisatimeofgreatvulnerability.Manychronicillnessesareseededinthewomb.Inourspecies,thefemaleisthedefaultgender,thebasicsimplermodel:Humansstartoutinthewombwithfemalefeatures(thatiswhymaleshavenipples).Thecomplicatedtransformationinthewombfromfemaletomaleexposesthemaletoajourneypackedwithspecialperils.Whenthefirstblastoftestosterone睪酮fromtheYgenecomesalongatabouttheeighthweek,theunisexbrainhastomorphintoamalebrain,killingoffsomecellsinthecommunicationcentersandgrowingmorecellsinthesexandaggressioncenters.Thesimplerfemalereproductivesystemhastoturnintothemorecomplexmalereproductivetract,developingtissuessuchasthetestisandprostate前列腺.Further,ittakesagreaternumberofcelldivisionstomakeamale;witheachcomesthegreaterriskofanerroraswellasthegreatervulnerabilitytoahitfrompollutants.

Ontopofthatchallenge,thehumanmale’sXYchromosome染色體combinationissimplymorevulnerable.ThetwoXXsinthefemaleversionofourspeciesoffersomeprotection:IndisorderswhereoneXchromosomehasageneticdefect,thefemale’shealthybackupchromosomecantakeover.ButwithhissingleXchromosome,themalelacksahealthycopyofthegenetofallbackon.TheXchromosome,whichnevershrank,isalsoalargerchromosome“withfarmoregeneticinformationthantheYchromosome，’’findsIrvaHertz-Piciotto,aUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisautismresearcher,“sotheremaybesomeinherentlossofkeyproteinsforbraindevelopmentorrepairmechanismsinboys.”Thisisacluetothehigherautismrateamongboys,sheasserts.

Femalesalsohaveastrongerimmunesystembecausetheyarepackedwithestrogen雌激素，ahormonethatcounteractstheantioxidantprocess.“Estrogenprotectsthebrain,”explains