書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林大學珠海學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thisriverissowidethatitisimpossibletobuilda（

）underitwithoutmoderntechnology.

問題1選項

A.canal

B.tunnel

C.channel

D.cable

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。canal“運河，管道”；tunnel“隧道”；channel“通道，海峽”；cable“纜繩，電纜”。句意：這條河這么寬，要在它地下修建一條隧道沒有現代技術是不可能實現的。選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Weneed

allinformation（）tothe

economicaspectsofthatcompany'sactivities.

問題1選項

A.perceptible

B.pertaining

C.periodic

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】perceptible指可感知的；pertainto指與……相關;periodic指周期性的；persistent指堅持不懈的。句意：我們需要那個公司經濟方面的所有信息。選項B正確。

3.單選題

Motivationlevelscan（

）frompersontoperson,soitisimportanttotreateachpatient’spsychologicalproblemseparatelywithsolutionsforeachofthemrespectively.

問題1選項

A.differ

B.vary

C.alter

D.distinguish

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Differ“使不同”；vary“使多樣化”；alter“改變，更改；distinguish“區(qū)分，辨別。句意：動機水平因人而異，因此，重要的是要分別對待每個病人的心理問題，并針對每個問題提出相應的解決方案。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

ThemanyriversofChilearerelativelyshort,generallyrisingintheAndesandflowingwesttothePacific.InthenorthernandcentralregionstheriversarefedprimarilybytheperpetualsnowcoveroftheAndes.

問題1選項

A.everlasting

B.expansive

C.outward

D.movable

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.everlasting永久的，永恒的，經久不變的B.expansive廣闊的，遼闊的

C.outward表面的，外表的D.movable可移動的，活動的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】perpetual的意思為“持續(xù)的，長久的”，用來形容snow，指的是安第斯山脈的永久性積雪，everlasting與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】智利的許多河流相對較短，大多發(fā)源于安第斯山脈，向西流向太平洋。在北部和中部地區(qū)，河流的主要水源是安第斯山脈的永久性積雪。

5.單選題

Theambassadorwasaccusedofhaving（）ondomesticaffairs.

問題1選項

A.trespassed

B.encroached

C.entrenched

D.invaded

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞詞義辨析。trespass“非法入侵，法律上的入侵”，encroach“蠶食，侵占”，entrench“侵犯，挖掘壕溝”，invade“侵略，侵襲”。句意：這個大使被指控干涉別國的內政。有侵犯別國權利意思的單詞是encroach，選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Henrywastheonlyonewhoknewhowtocookbecausehehad_______inthekitchenwhenhewasaboy.

問題1選項

A.helpedabout

B.helpedout

C.helpedwith

D.helpedup

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項“helpedabout”意為“就……幫忙”；B選項“helpedout”意為“幫助……擺脫困難；幫忙”；C選項“helpedwith”意為“幫某人做……；在某方面幫助”；D選項“helpedup”意為“把（某人）扶起來，幫助（某人）往上搬東西”。句意：亨利是唯一會做飯的人，因為他小時候在廚房里幫過忙。由題干可知，Henrywastheonlyonewhoknewhowtocook（亨利是唯一會做飯的人），所以可以推測出亨利小時候在廚房幫過忙。因此B選項符合題意。

7.單選題

A（）planneedstobeconsideredandacceptedsoastolowerthepricesinthesecities.

問題1選項

A.deliberate

B.disincentive

C.functional

D.fantastic

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。deliberate深思熟慮的，預有準備的；disincentive妨礙活動的；functional功能的；fantastic幻想的，奇異的?？崭癫糠謶cconsideredandaccepted邏輯上對應。deliberate符合句意和邏輯。

8.單選題

Inthenextcenturywe’llbeabletoalterourDNAradically,encodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce,“HadItheright,formyownbenefit,toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations?”Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies?

Probablynot.Instead,we’llreachagainforatimetestedincalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKant,themillennium’smostprudentmoralist,conjuredupintoacategoricalimperative:Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend.

Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning,becauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodyparts,notasindividualsintheirownright.Weshouldalsodrawaline,howeverfuzzy,thatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividual(IQ,physicalappearance,genderandsexuality).

Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld,gotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate,DNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrole,makingsurethatnoone,includinginsurancecompanies,canlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus.

Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina“dryware”machine,sothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe“wetware”ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury’srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let’sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience.

1.Dr.Frankenstein'sremarksarementionedinthetext（

）.

2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthetechnologyofhumancloningshouldbeemployed（

）.

3.Fromthetext,welearnthatAldousHuxleyisoftheopinionthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatdoestheword"it"inSentence2,Paragraph1referto（

）.

問題1選項

A.togiveanepisodeoftheDNAtechnologicalbreakthroughs

B.tohighlighttheimportanceofameanstosomeeverlastingends

C.toshowhowhecreatedanewformoflifeathousandyearsago

D.tointroducethetopicofmoralphilosophiesincurredinbiotechnology

問題2選項

A.excessivelyandextravagantly

B.reasonablyandcautiously

C.aggressivelyandindiscriminately

D.openlyandenthusiastically

問題3選項

A.DNAtechnologyshouldbeplacedinthechargeofindividuals

B.governmentshouldassumelesscontroloverindividuals

C.peopleneedgovernmenttoprotecttheirDNDinformation

D.oldmoralpreceptsshouldbeabolishedonhumancloning

問題4選項

A.Thebiotechagewillgiveoutmorepersonalprivacy

B.DNAtechnologyhasreducedthepowerofindividual

C.Inthe21stcentury,peoplecanchangetheirDNAslightly

D.Weshouldnotattempthumancloning

問題5選項

A.Frankenstein

B.DNA

C.themonster

D.Themoralissue

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“文中提到科學怪人的目的是什么？”文章第一段第二句提到“當科學怪人制造出怪物，他就陷入是否該讓這個怪物繁衍下一代的倫理問題的矛盾之中，‘為了我自身的利益，讓子子孫孫來承受這個詛咒？’這樣的問題需要我們建立新的倫理觀嗎？”(WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce,“HadItheright,formyownbenefit,toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations?”Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies?)，由以上可得出選項D“引出生物技術中的倫理問題這個話題”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“從文中可知人類克隆技術應該使用的方法是什么？”文章第一段通過“科學怪人”這個例子引出生物科學中的倫理問題；第二段提到哲學家康德的觀點Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend（將每個人當作個體來對待，而不是作為一種手段）；第三段提到在上文提到的準則下，我們應該放棄克隆技術（Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning）；第四段提到生物科技的時代將給我們更多保護隱私的理由（Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy）。由此可知，克隆技術的使用應該是合理并且謹慎的。選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目所問的是“從文章中可知，AldousHuxley的觀點是什么？”文章第四段第二句提到“在他的作品《美麗新世界》中，赫胥黎犯了一個錯誤：DNA技術的主動權在個人和家庭手中，而不是在權力集中的國家手中”（AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld,gotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate,DNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies），因此，選項A“DNA技術應該掌握在個人手中”是赫胥黎的觀點，符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“下列說法哪個正確？”文章第三段第一句提到“在這個道德準則下，我們應該放棄克隆技術，因為它會不可避免地讓一些人成為另一些人達到目標的手段，而不是將每個人當作個體來對待”(Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning,becauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodyparts,notasindividualsintheirownright)，選項D“我們不應該進行人類克隆”符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目所問的是“‘it’指的是什么？”文章第一段第二句話提到“當科學怪人制造出怪物，他就陷入是否該讓這個怪物繁衍下一代的倫理問題的矛盾之中”(WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce)，因此可知，這里的it指的是創(chuàng)造出來的怪物。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Mencommitmotoringoffencesaswomen,accordingtotheHomeOfficefigures.

問題1選項

A.ninetimesof

B.asninetimes

C.ninetimesthatof

D.ninetimeasmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法知識。對比選項可知本題考查倍數。與times相關的倍數表達方式為：AisNtimes(形容詞比較級)thanB。因此D選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Ifadecisionistakenwithmajorityvoting,eachmemberstatecan,inspecialcases,（）itsparticularnationalinterests.

問題1選項

A.trigger

B.assert

C.foster

D.salute

【答案】B

【解析】trigger觸發(fā),引起；assert維護,主張；foster培養(yǎng)；salute致敬,行禮。句意：如果一個決策以多數票通過,那么在特殊情況下,每一個成員國都可以維護其各自的國家利益。選項B符合句意。

11.單選題

Hewasafraidhewouldhaveto（

）herinvitationtotheparty.

問題1選項

A.refute

B.reject

C.return

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。refute“駁倒，反駁，用證據證明是假的”；reject“拒絕，謝絕，指斷然拒絕接受某人或某物或要求”；return“返回”；decline“婉拒”。句意：他擔心他將不得不拒絕她的參加聚會的邀請。婉拒符合題意。故D項正確。

12.單選題

OnMay3,1989,committalproceedingsbeganinrespectofsixofficerswhowerechargedwithconspiracyto（）thecourseofjustice.

問題1選項

A.pervert

B.perturb

C.prevent

D.profane

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。pervert“使墮落，濫用”；perturb“擾亂，使不安”；prevent“預防，阻止”；profane“褻瀆，玷污”。句意：1989年5月3日，拘押進程開始于六名官員，他們被控告共謀擾亂司法公正。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

IthinkthatIcommitteda（）inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.

問題1選項

A.blunder

B.revenge

C.reproach

D.scandal

【答案】A

【解析】blunder大錯,失策,疏忽;revenge復仇;reproach申斥,恥辱,責備;scandal丑聞。句意：我想我向她詢問是個失策,因為她看起來對我的問題很不滿意。

14.單選題

Ican’tfindmygloves.Imusthave______themonthebuswhenIcamehomefromschool.

問題1選項

A.left

B.lost

C.forgotten

D.missed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.left離開，遺留B.lost失去

C.forgotten忘記D.missed錯過

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前面句子的意思“我找不到手套了”，可知Imusthave______themonthebus表示的是“我把它們落在公交車上了”，left符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

C、D選項不符合句意；

B選項是指不知道忘在了哪里，排除。

【句意】我找不到手套了。我一定是放學回家時把它們落在公共汽車上了。

15.單選題

Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.

Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.

Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.

Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(殘酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(沖突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻攔者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.

Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.

1.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes____________.

2.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain?

3.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame____________.

4.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto____________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____________.

問題1選項

A.forrecreationC.tolimitthefoxpopulation

B.C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.

C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.intheinterestsofthefarmers

D.toshowofftheirwealth

問題2選項

A.Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.

B.Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.

C.Thehuntershavesetrulestofollow.

D.Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.

問題3選項

A.byresortingtoviolence

B.byconfusingthefoxhunters

C.bytakinglegalaction

D.bydemonstratingonthescene

問題4選項

A.prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxes

B.forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogs

C.stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountryside

D.preventlarge—scalefoxhunting

問題5選項

A.killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegal

B.limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessary

C.huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolent

D.fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherich

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據第三段第一句Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport（參加打獵的人認為它是一項運動）和最后一句somosthuntersarewealthy（所以大多數獵人都很富有），可知在英國夫人獵狐是為了消遣，所以A選項“為了消遣”正確，D選項“炫耀他們的財富”錯誤。B選項“因為農民的利益”：文章沒有提到富人和農民在獵狐方面的關系。C選項“限制狐貍數量”：根據第二段第一句Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.（農民也可以要求當地狩獵服務來控制狐貍的數量。），可知限制狐貍數量不是富人獵狐的目的，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據第五段最后一句Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.（如果法律通過，像狐貍這樣的野生動物將受到英國禁令的保護）和第二句Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.（但今年，獵狐運動的支持者面臨著更大的威脅），可知在英國，法律正在討論獵狐運動的問題，對應C選項“獵人設定了要遵守的規(guī)則”這一選項，故正確。A選項“使用致命的毒藥”：根據第一段最后一句farmers…shootingorpoisoningthem（農民們射殺或毒害它們），可知這是在各地的普遍的現象，不是英國特有，故錯誤。B選項“這花費高昂，很少發(fā)生”：文章提到獵戶運動花費高昂，但沒有說很少舉辦，另外農民獵狐花費不高，故錯誤。D選項“獵人必須經過嚴格的訓練”：這是普遍現象，不止在英國，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據第四段最后一句Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.（有時這些獵狐行為引發(fā)暴力行為，但大多數對手會誤導獵手，擾亂狗對狐貍氣味的追蹤，從而干擾狩獵。），獵手的對手通過誤導獵手來干預比賽，所以B選項“迷惑獵狐者”正確。A選項“依靠暴力”：暴行是干預以后可能導致的結果。C選項“起訴”：通過法律途徑看要不要繼續(xù)獵狐運動不能在賽場干預對手，故錯誤。D選項“現場演示”：文章沒有提及，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據第五段第三句ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.（議會工黨成員邁克?福斯特正試圖使議會通過一項新法律，該法律將規(guī)定用狗捕獵野生動物為非法行為。），可知C選項“在鄉(xiāng)下停止捕獵野生動物”正確。A選項“禁止農民獵狐”，B選項“禁止用狗獵狐”和D選項“禁止大規(guī)模獵狐”在這里沒有提到，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

5.語義推測題。A選項“用毒藥殺死狐貍是違法的”：根據第五段第三句istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal（正試圖使議會通過一項新法律，該法律將規(guī)定用狗捕獵野生動物為非法行為），文章提到禁止用狗捕獵野生動物的法律有可能通過，沒有說毒死狐貍違法，故錯誤。B選項“不必限制狐貍的數量”：根據第一段最后一句farmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem（農民們試圖通過射殺或毒害它們來減少它們的數量），農民捕殺狐貍以減少狐貍數量，沒有提到不必要這樣做，故錯誤。C選項“用狗打獵狐貍被認為是殘忍和暴力的”：根據第四段第二句opposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal（許多人反對獵狐，因為他們認為這很殘酷），獵狐是用狗獵狐，所以正確。D選項“獵狐經常導致窮人和富人之間的對抗”：在文章沒有提到。因此C選項正確。

16.翻譯題

學習對于心靈而言，猶如食物對于身體一樣重要。攝取足夠的食物營養(yǎng)之后，身體才得以成長，肌肉才得以發(fā)達。同樣，為保持敏銳的心智能力和擴充智力容量，我們應該日復一日地不斷學習。不斷學習為我們提供無盡的能量，它是跟上信息時代步伐最穩(wěn)妥的方法，也是在變動的時代中取得成功的可靠保證。

【答案】Asfoodistothebody,soislearningtothemind.Ourbodiesgrowandmusclesdevelopwiththeintakeofadequatenutritiousfood.Likewise,weshouldkeeplearningdaybydaytomaintainourkeenmentalpowerandexpandourintellectualcapacity.Learningincessantlyisthesurestwaytokeeppacewiththetimesintheinformationage,andreliablewarrantofsuccessintimesofuncertainty.

17.單選題

Iftheheavyrainhad（）anextremehightide，seriousfloodingwouldhaveresulted.

問題1選項

A.happenedto

B.occurredto

C.coincidedwith

D.turnedout

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。happenedto“碰巧”；occurredto“想起”；coincidedwith“與……相一致”；turnedout“結果是”。句意：如果大魚正好逢上極端高潮，可能會導致嚴重的洪水。選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

Facedwiththe（）difficulties,theyaredeterminedtocarryontheirprogram.

問題1選項

A.satisfactory

B.attributable

C.intangible

D.innocent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項satisfactory“滿意的，符合要求的”；B選項attributable“歸屬的，屬性的”；C選項intangible“無形的，觸摸不到的，難以理解的”；D選項innocent“無辜的，無罪的”。句意：面對無形的困難，他們下定決心繼續(xù)他們的項目。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

19.單選題

Youmanyhaveeverenteredabookstorejusttotake()fromasuddenshower,butyoufoundtimespenttherewasveryenjoyable.

問題1選項

A.shield

B.shelter

C.avoidance

D.protection

【答案】B

【解析】takeshelterfrom為固定搭配，意為躲避。句意：許多人進入書店只是為了躲避驟雨，但你們會發(fā)現在那里度過的時光是非常愉快的。

20.單選題

Ihopethatwecanagreetotakeanunifiedapproachtodealingwiththeoppositiontoourprojectproposal.Weneedtocoordinateourefforts.

問題1選項

A.hopethatwecanagree

B.takeanunified

C.todealing

D.efforts

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。B項去掉冠詞an。takeunifiedapproach采取一致的手段。

21.單選題

（）,thebookhasmanymistakes.

問題1選項

A.Havingnotbeenwrittencarefully

B.Notwritingcarefully

C.Havingwrittennotcarefully

D.Nothavingbeenwrittencarefully

【答案】D

【解析】考查現在完成時的否定使用。非謂語動詞的否定式通常是就在非謂語動詞之前加not或never，由此可以排除A，C選項。句意：這本書寫得不細心，有很多錯誤。在發(fā)現有很多錯誤的時候書已經完成了，所以需要使用完成時態(tài)，而書本的編撰是由人完成的，需要使用被動語態(tài)。因此D選項符合題意。

22.單選題

Onescientificdiscipline,duringitsearlystagesofdevelopment,isoftenrelatedtoanotherasanantithesistoitsthesis.Thethesisdisciplinetendtoconcernitselfwithdiscoveryandclassificationofphenomena,toofferholisticexplanationsemphasizingpatternandform,andtouseexistingtheorytoexplainthewidestpossiblerangeofphenomena.Thepairedorantidiscipline,ontheotherhand,canbecharacterizedbyamorefocusedapproach,concentratingontheunitsofconstruction,andbyabeliefthatthedisciplinecanbereformulatedintermsoftheissuesandexplanationsoftheantidiscipline.

Therelationshipofcytology(cellbiology)tobiochemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury,whenbothdisciplinesweregrowingatarapidpace,exemplifiessuchapattern.Researchersincellbiologyfoundmountingevidenceofanintricatecellarchitecture.Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.Also,theystoodapartfromthedebatethenragingoverwhetherprotoplasm,thecomplexoflivingmaterialwithinacell,ishomogeneous,networklike,granular,orfoamlike.Theirinterestlayinthecore“fundamental”issuesofthechemicalnatureofprotoplasm,especiallythenewlyformulatedenzymetheoryoflife.

Ingeneral,biochemistsjudgedcytologiststobetooignorantofchemistrytograspthebasicprocesses,whereascytologistsconsideredthemethodsofbiochemistsinadequatetocharacterizethestructuresofthelivingcell.TherenewalofMendeliangeneticsand,later,progressinchromosomemappingdidlittleatfirsttoeffectasynthesis.

Bothsideswereessentiallycorrect.Biochemistryhasmorethanjustifieditsextravagantearlyclaimsbyexplainingsomuchofthecellularmachinery.Butinachievingthisfeat(mostlysince1950)ithasbeenpartiallytransformedintothehewdisciplineofmolecularbiology—biochemistiythatdealswithspatialarrangementsandmovementsoflargemolecules.Atthesametimecytologyhasmetamorphosedintomodemcellularbiology.Aidedbyelectronmicroscopy,ithasbecomemoresimilarinlanguageandoutlooktomolecularbiology.Theinteractionofadisciplineanditsantidisciplinehasmovedbothsciencestowardasynthesis,namelymoleculargenetics.

Thisinteractionbetweenpaireddisciplinescanhaveimportantresults.Inthecaseoflatenineteenth-centurycellresearch,progresswasfueledbycompetitionamongthevariousattitudesandissuesderivedfromcellbiologyandbiochemistiyJosephFuton,abiochemist,hassuggestedthatsuchcompetitionandtheresultingtensionsamongresearchersareaprincipalsourceofvitalityand“arelikelytoleadtounexpectedandexcitingnoveltiesinthefuture,astheyhaveinthepast.”

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

2.Thepassagestatesthatinthelatenineteenthcenturycytologistsdeducedthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,cytologistsinthelatenineteenthcenturywerecriticalofthecellresearchofbiochemistsbecausecytologistsbelievedthat（

）.

4.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthematerialpresentedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Antitheticalscientificdisciplinescanbothstimulateandhinderoneanother’sresearchincomplexways.

B.Antitheticalscientificdisciplinesofteninteractwithoneanotherinwaysthatcanbehighlyuseful.

C.Asdisciplinessuchascytologyandbiochemistryadvance,theirinteractionnecessarilyleadstoasynthesisoftheirapproaches.

D.Cellresearchinthelatenineteenthcenturywasplaguedbydisagreementsbetweencytologistsandbiochemists.

問題2選項

A.mapsofchromosomes

B.sequenceofthemovementofchromosomesduringcelldivision

C.spatialrelationshipofmoleculeswithinthecell

D.roleofenzymesinbiologicalprocesses

問題3選項

A.themethodsofbiochemistrycouldnotadequatelydiscoverandexplainthestructuresoflivingcells

B.themethodsofbiochemistrywereinadequatetoaccountforallofthechemicalreactionsthatoccurredincytologicalpreparations

C.biochemistswerenotinterestedinthenatureofprotoplasm

D.biochemistsweretooignorantofcytologytounderstandthebasicprocessesofthecell

問題4選項

A.Anaccountofaprocessisgiven,andthenthereasonforitsoccurrenceisstated.

B.Asetofexamplesisprovidedandthenaconclusionisdrawnfromthem.

C.Ageneralpropositionisstated,andthenanexampleisgiven.

D.Astatementofprinciplesismade,andthenarationaleforthemisdebated.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文首段先提出對立的思維和論文對學科的發(fā)展很重要，接著以細胞和生物化的關系對生物學發(fā)展的影響為論據進行論述，最后得出結論說明競爭觀點的共同研究對學科發(fā)展的重要性，所以B選項‘對立的科學學科經常以非常有用的方式相互作用’正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據原文“Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.另一方面，許多生物化學家對存在如此多的結構持懷疑態(tài)度，他們認為細胞學制劑中發(fā)生的化學反應可能會產生這樣的結構?！狈治鰞煞N科學家的觀點，細胞生物學家推染色體的神秘編排，而生化學家認為細胞內復雜的物質和原生質之間可能存在化學反應等，可以得知B選項‘染色體在細胞分裂過程中運動的序列’正確。同時可知15題答案為A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據原文：'Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.Also,theystoodapartfromthedebatethenragingoverwhetherprotoplasm,thecomplexoflivingmaterialwithinacell,ishomogeneous.Networklike,granular,orfoamlike.Theirinterestlayincore“fundamental”issuesofthechemicalnatureofprotoplasm,especiallythenewlyformulatedenzymetheoryoflife.另一方面，許多生物化學家對存在如此多的結構持懷疑態(tài)度，他們認為細胞學制劑中發(fā)生的化學反應可能會產生這樣的結構。同時，他們也遠離了當時關于原生質(細胞內活物質的復合體)是否均勻的激烈爭論。網狀、粒狀或泡沫狀。他們的興趣在于原生質化學性質的核心基本問題，特別是新形成的生命酶理論。”分析兩種科學家的觀點，細胞生物學家推染色體的神秘編排，而生化學家認為細胞內復雜的物質和原生質之間可能存在化學反應等，可以得知A選項‘生物化學方法不能充分發(fā)現和解釋活細胞的結構’正確。

4.析推理判斷題。本文釆取提出觀點——引用論據說一一得出結論的結構，文中列舉細胞學家和生化學家的實例對提出的觀點進行闡述，所以C選項‘給出了一個命題，并給出了一個實例’正確。

23.翻譯題

交流促進發(fā)展。一個國家、一個民族，只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中，或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。

事實上，在現代國家中，絕對不受外來影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國的著名歷史學家曾經寫道：“任何國家的文明，來自外來影響的產物總是多于本國的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國文化中任何受外國影響或來源于外國的東西剔除掉，那么，英國的文化就所剩無幾了。”

事實也近乎如此。中國古代的四大發(fā)明曾經給古代世界的文化發(fā)展以巨大的推動。漢唐文化對朝鮮、日本等毗鄰國家的文化發(fā)展，更是給予了深刻而又久遠的影響。同樣，近代和現代西方的許多重要科學成果，也改變了并繼續(xù)改變著當代中國人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

24.單選題

CaliforniaisAmerica’slandofbigdreams,theEldoradoatthecontinent’sedge.FromthedaysofEuropeandiscoverytothepresent,ithasbeenportrayedasaparadiseofpossibilityandtransformation,aplacetomakea“freshstart—inthegoldfields,thevineyards,thestudiolots—andbreakfreedomfrombadweather,badreputations,andsocialandeconomicoppression.Thecallwasirresistibleanduniversal.Asaresult,inanationdrawnfromdiversecultures,Californiamaybethemostculturallydiverseofall,claimingnotonlyEuropean,Native,andPan-AmericanrootsbutclosetiestotheFarEastaswell.

EvenbeforethetidesofimmigrationthathelpedshapeCalifornia’slasttwocenturies,thiswasaplaceofstunningvarietyandcontradiction.Infact,it’sbeenobservedmorethanafewtimesthat,geographicallyspeaking,Californiaisnotonestatebutmany:dryandwet,mountainsandflat,denselypopulatedandvirtuallyempty.Thestate’s1,110milesofcoastlineincludebroadswimmingbeachesandwindswept,rock–strewnpalisades.Lushorchards,ancientredwoods,palmoasesanddesertsagebrushallcoexistwithCalifornia’ssixlifezones,fromLowerSonorantoAlpine.

AsaSpanishcolony,Californiahastwoprovinces:Alta(upper)andBaja(lower).Today,withBajaCaliforniaattachedtoMexicoalingeringhistoricalschismseparatesnorthernCaliforniafromsouthern.WhenLosAngeleswasstillasleepyMexicanvillage,SanFranciscowasasophisticated,bustlingmetropolis;bythelate20thcenturytheyhadswitchedroles,LosAngeleswasaworld-classlargecitywithapopulationofthreeandahalfmillionandanareaof465squaremiles,faroutstrippingSanFrancisco,whichinrecenttimeshastradedheavilyonitsquaintnessandtouristappeal.Deeppoliticalandculturalantagonismscontinuetodefineanddividenorthandsouth.Notleastoftheseisanearlycentury-oldstruggleovercontrolofthestate’spreciouswater,whichtendstopitrecreation-and-conservation-mindednorthernCaliforniansagainstdevelopmentandagribusinessinterestsinthesouthstateandCentralValley.

Still,foranoutsider,theunifyingthemesstandout.ComparedevenwithotherWesternstates,Californiarepresentsanoptimisticfacetowardthefuture—theplacewheretrendsfirstgetsampledandpreparedforwor