PPOverbal完整PPO兩套verbal完整 PPO第一套verbal部 必考section難度 自適應(yīng)section難度 自適應(yīng)section難度 自適應(yīng)section難度 PPO第二套verbal部 必考section難度 自適應(yīng)section難度 自適應(yīng)section難度 自適應(yīng)section難度 1!PPOverbal部答案獲取方式 “老老師”，輸入“PPO答案必考section難度 做題時(shí)間Fortheurbanresearcher,thelonglivesofancientcitiescanprovideamplechronologicaldata,makingupforthepaucitystemmingfromtherelative ofmostpresent-daycities.（1100題Theactivists’prodigiousactivityonbehalfofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovementinthelatenineteenthcenturybeliestheassertionthatthetwomovementswere （OG原題改編Inlightofthedecadesofduelingstudiesaboutwhethertheextinctionofthedinosaursresultedfromanasteroidstrikeorfromvolcaniceruptions,itisincreasinglyapparentthattherelevantmineral-depositevidenceissimply(i) evenifthescientistsadvancingthevarioussound(ii) A.D.B.E.C.F.TheHippocraticoathandotherethicalcodesthatguidedthemedicalprofessionforcenturiesgenerally(i) thenotionoftruthling;indeed,oneofHippocrates’injunctions—tokeepthesickfromharmandinjustice—encouragedtheoppositebehavior,(ii) A.D.B.E.C.F.Becausethebookislargelyconcernedwithanexaminationofvarious(i) encounteredincontemporarythinking,suchasanexaggeratedappreciationformeaninglesscoincidenceandacredulousacceptanceofpseudosciences,muchofthewritinghasa qualitytoitNeverthelessitavoidstheoverlyearnestandscoldingtonecommontomanysuchendeavors.（110017-4）A.D. E.C.F.Inscience,notallerrorsare(i) .Historianshaveunearthedanumberofinstancesinwhichanincorrectideaprovedfarmore(ii) thanthousandsofothersthatweretriviallymistakenornarrowlycorrect.Thesearethe(iii) mistakes:errorsthattouchondeep,fundamentalfeaturesoftheworldaroundusandpromptfurtherresearchthatleadstomajorbreakthroughs.Mistakestheycertainlyare,butscienceswouldbefarworseoffwithoutthem.A.reported D.G.B.detectedE.H.C.createdF.I.AccordingtovonKármán,ascientistseekstounderstandwhatis;anengineer,tocreatewhatneverwas.Butdichotomiesareseldomclear-cut.Whenascientistproposesatrulynewhypothesisabout,say,theoriginoftheuniverse,thathypothesis“neverwas”priortoitsarticulationbythatscientist.Einstein,certainlyaprototypicalscientist,tookthatview,criticizingphysicistandphilosopherErnstMachforhaving"thoughtthatsomehowtheoriesarisebymeansofdiscoveryratherthaninvention.”SciencehistorianThomasP.HughesnotesthattoEinstein,inventionwasthemanipulationnotonlyofthingsbutalsoofconcepts.Einsteinbelievedthatanartifactwasamaterializedconceptandthatahard-and-fastlinebetweentechnologyandsciencesimplydidnotexist.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageissuggestth ertaintermisoftenquestionthebasisforaparticularshowhowonefieldhasbeeninfluencedbyarguethatoneviewofadichotomyhaschangedovertimeexaminetheoriginsofascientificTheauthorofthepassagementionsMaostlikelyinordertoprovideacontrastthatilluminatesEinstein’sidentifyaninspirationforvonKarman’sshowhowsonthenatureofinventionhavechangedovershowhowEinstein’sviewofMachinfluencedotherscientists’viewsaboutillustrateEinstein’sandMach’aboutthevalueofInthelatenineteenthcentury,artcriticsregardedseventeenth-centuryDutchpaintingsasdirectreflectionsofreality.Thepaintingswerediscussedasanindexofthedemocracyofasocietythatchosetorepresentitsclasses,actions,andoccupationsexactlyastheywere;wide-rangingrealismwasseenasthegreat plishmentofDutchart.However,theachievementofmorerecentstudyofDutcharthasbeentherecoveryofthefactthatthe”realistic”paintingsaremorethandepictionsofdailylife.Theyare,ofcourse,thattoo,butithasnow eclearthatsuchpaintingsaretobetakenassymbolizingmortality,thetransienceofearthlylife,andthepowerofGod,andasmessagesthatrangefromthemildlymoralizingtothefirmlydidactic.Howexplicitandconsistentthesymbolizingprocesswasintendedtobeisamuchthorniermatter,butanyonewhohasmorethan singacquaintancewithDutchliteratureorwiththekindsofimagesusedinillustratedbooks(aboveallemblembooks)willrecognizehowpervasivewasthehabitofinvestingordinaryobjectsandfamiliarsceneswithmeaningsthatgobeyondtheirsurfaceandoutwardappearance.Inthemid-1960s,EddydeJonghpublishedanextraordinaryarrayofmaterialespeciallyfromtheemblembooksandvernacularliterature-thatconfirmedtheunreliabilityoftakingDutchpicturesatsurfacevaluealone.Themajorordifficulty,howeverwiththefindingsofcriticssuchasdeJonghisthatitisnoteasytoassessthemultiplicityoflevelsinwhichDutchviewersinterpretedthesepictures.DeJongh’sfollowerstypicallyregardthepicturesaspurelysymbolic.NoteveryobjectwithinDutchpaintingsneedbeinterpretedintermsoftheglossgiventoitsequivalentrepresentationintheemblembooks.NoteveryfootwarmeristobeinterpretedintermsofthefootwarmerinRoemerVisscher’sSinnepoppenof1614;noteverybridleisanemblemofrestraint(thoughmanywereindeedjustthat).TomaintainasBrowndoes,thatthetwochildreninNetscher’spaintingALadyTeachingaChildtoRead“standforindustryandidleness"istofailtounderstandthatthepaintinghasavarietyofpossiblemeanings,eventhoughthepictureundoubtedlycarriesunmistakablesymbolicmeanings,too.Modernarthistoriansmaywellfindthediscoveryofparallelsbetweenapaintingandaspecificemblemexciting;theymay,likeseventeenth-centuryviewers,searchforthedoublemeaningsthatliebehindmanypaintings.Butseventeenth-centuryresponsecanhardlybereducedtothelevelofformula.Tosuggestotherwiseistoimplyalaboriousnessofmentalprocessthatmaywellcharacterizemoderninterpretationsofseventeenth-centuryDutchart,butthatwas,forthemostpart,notcharacteristicintheseventeenthcentury.（200passage153）Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithwhichofthereconcilinodifferentpointsofviewabouthowartreflectscriticizingatraditionalmethodoftracingthedevelopmentofaninnovativescholarlydescribingandevaluatingarecentcriticaldescribingalong-standingcontroversyandhowitwasTheauthorofthepassagementionsbridlesinthehighlightedportionofthepassagemostlikelyinordertosuggestthatrestraintwasonlyoneofthemanysymbolicmeaningsattachedtoprovideanexampleofaneveryday,physicalobjectthatwasnotendowedwithsymbolicmeaningprovideanexampleofanobjectthatmoderncriticshaveendowedwithsymbolicmeaningdifferentfromthemeaningassigneditbyseventeenth-centuryDutchartistsprovideanexampleofanobjectwithsymbolicmeaningthatwasnotalwaysusedasaprovideanexampleofaneverydayobjectthatappearsinasignificantnumberofseventeenth-centuryDutchpaintingsWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphoftheItprovidesspecificapplicationsofthecriticalapproachintroducedintheprecedingItpresentsacaveataboutthecriticalapproachdiscussedintheprecedingItpresentstheresearchonwhichatheorypresentedintheprecedingparagraphisItrefutesatheorypresentedintheprecedingparagraphandadvocatesareturntoamoretraditionalapproach.Itprovidesfurtherinformationaboutanunusualphenomenondescribedintheprecedingparagraph.Thepassagesuggestswhichoffollowingaboutemblembooksinseventeenth-century4!Theyconfirmthatseventeenth-centuryDutchpaintingsdepictsomeobjectsandscenesrarelyfoundindailylife.Theyaremoreusefulthanvernacularliteratureinprovidinginformationaboutthesymboliccontentofseventeenth-centuryDutchpainting.Theyhavebeenmisinterpretedbyartcritics,suchasdeJongh,whoclaimseventeenth-centuryDutchpaintingscontainsymbolicmeaning.Theyarenotusefulininterpretingseventeenth-centuryDutchlandscTheycontainmaterialthatchallengestheassumptionsoflatenineteenth-centurycriticsabout seventeenth-centuryDutchpainting.InInuitculture,elaboratecarvinghasoftenbeenusedtoenhance suchasharpoonheadsandothertools.（110021-8）F.Peopleenjoylisteningtothe ernor’sinspiringspeeches,andhiseloquencelullshisadversariesintounderestimatinghis ,thetemperedsteelbeneaththesleeksuits.（1100題AlthoughinEuropeaftertheWorldWarmeteorologyheldthesamerankasastronomy,intheUnitedStatestopacademicinstitutionsdidnottreatitasafield anyphysicalscience.unfitequivalentpertinentincongruousInonecommentator’sview,modernfreetradersarecomplete becausetheyshownointerestinpracticality,nuance,orflexibilityontheissueoffreetrade.hypocritesF.Comparedwithdoctorswhoseepatientsonlyintheiroffices,doctorswhoseetheirpatientsinthepatients’homesdevelopamorealrelationshipwiththem.Theirpatientsarealsolesslikelytobringmalpracticesuitsagainstthem.Thislowerrateofmalpracticesuitsclearlysupportsthecommonbeliefthathavingacloserelationshipwithadoctorincreasesapatient’swillingnesstogivethatdoctorthebenefitofthedoubtwhendifficultiesarise.PAGE7!Whichofthefollowing,iftrueofdoctorswhomakehousecalls,mostseriouslyweakenstheargument?Theyaremorelikelythanaredoctorswhodonotmakehousecallstobelievethatadoctor'sbedsidemannerisanimportantpartofmedicaltreatment.Theyseetheirpatientsmorefrequentlythandodoctorswhodonotmakehousecallsandsoacquiremoreinformationaboutthepatients’conditions.Theytendtohavefeweryearsofexperienceatpracticingmedicinethandodoctorswhodonotmake housecalls.TheyperformallthesametypesoftreatmentasdoctorswhodonotmakehouseTheyarenotchargedanylessformalpracticeinsurancethanaredoctorswhodonotmakehousecalls.FollowingtheUnitedStatesCivilWar(1861-1865),manyformerslavesintheruralSouthbecamesharecroppers(raisingalandlord’scropforashareoftheprofits)ortenantfarmers(sellingwhattheyraisedandpayingashareoftheprofitsasrent).MosthistorianstendtodepicttheseAfricanAmericansasvictimsofracismandthefarmtenancysystem.Thisapproach,however,overlookstheroleplayedbysuchAfricanAmericanruralreformersasRobertLloydSmith,founderoftheFarmers'ImprovementSocietyofTexas,andJosephElwardClayton,theAfricanAmericantoanizefarmers'institutesfortheTexasDepartmentofAgriculture.BothmenadvocatedcomfortablehomesandbetterschoolsforAfricanAmericans;bothattributedpovertyandilliteracytocausesotherthanracism,suchasinsectdamagetocrops;andbothworkedtokeepBlackfarmersontheland,althoughSmithopposedfarmtenancy.BothwerealsoaccusedbytheircontemporariesofdownplayingthedevastatingimpactofthefarmtenancysystemonBlackfarmersandof modatingracism.Whiletheextentofthesereformers'influencerequiresmorestudy,clearlytheir anizationsprovidedavoiceforAfricanAmericanfarmersseekingtoimprovetheirpositionsintheagrarianSouth.（200passage81）Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedrestoringthereputationsoftworeformerswhose plishmentshavelongbeendenigratedby refutingcriticismsoftworeformersmadebytheircontemporariesbydemonstratingthatthose criticismsarebaselessprovidingevidencetosupportaclaimthathistorians'understandingofaparticularphenomenonmaybe discussingsomeofthereasonsthattworeformerswhowerewell-knownduringtheirlifetimesareconsideredbyhistorianstodaytohavebeenineffective ternativeinterpretationoftheeffectofthefarmtenancysystemontheeconomyoftheruralSouthfollowingtheCivilWarSelectthesentencethatidentifiesaprevailingscholarlyMosthistorianstendtodepicttheseAfricanAmericansasvictimsofracismandthefarmtenancyTheauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningSmithandClayton?Moreresearchisrequiredtodeterminewhetherornottheiranizationsweretypicalofthose establishedtoaidAfricanAmericanfarmersinthepost-CivilWarruralSouth.TheircontributionstotheimprovementofthelivingconditionsofAfricanAmericanfarmerswere overshadowedbysubsequentpoliticalcontroversy.Theirachievementsasreformershavebeenexaggeratedbymanyhistoriansofthepost-CivilWar ThereisevidencedemonstratingthattheywerecommittedtoaidingAfricanAmericanfarmersintheruralSouth.Theextentofthecriticismsmadeaboutthembytheircontemporariesisdifficult自適應(yīng)section難度 9Themainthrustofherargumentwasthatwagedifferences,farfrombeing ,nfactreflecteducation,skills,experience,andotherfactorsthatmakeemployeesmoreproductive.(1100104-2）有的；不Theernment,havingconsistentlyfailedinitsforeignpolicytoapplytheprincipleoftheself-determinationofpeoples,hasbeen bythosecriticswhosupporttheuniversalapplicationofthatprinciple.TheationofEarth’sbiodiversityiscomplicatedbythe(i) taxonomists.Thoseexpertsinclassifyingspeciestendtobe(ii) NorthAmericaandEurope,whereasmostoftheunedbiodiversityislikelyinthetropics.（1100題27-3）A.unevendistributionD.clusteredB.theoreticalcommitmentsE.obliviousC.professionalrivalriesF.exportedFolkmusic,havingremained(i) byreinforcingethnicidentitiesandadvocatingsocialchange,hasnevertheless theruralareaswhereitoriginallyA.D.B.E.C.F.declinedPhotovoltaiccells,whichconvertlightdirectlytoelectricity,aresafe,havenomovingparts,operateatambienttemperature,andlastfordecades.Itwouldthereforeseemthattheyareoneofthemore waystoharnesstheSun’senergy.However,thereisanobvious widespreadapplication,andthatis(iii) :electricitygeneratedfromphotovoltaiccellsisgetting r,butitstillcostsmorethanthegoingrateinmostplaces.A.D.inducementG.B.E.dangerH.C.F.I.ItishighlysignificantthatcomparedwithfellowRenaissanceartistsMichelangeloandRaphael,LeonardodaVinciwas(i) theancientworld,whianyintheRenaissanceviewedasamodelofheroicbehaviorinart.Tobesure,Leonardowasnot(ii) antiquity:arecentlydiscovereddrawingforastatueofHerculesshedslightonLeonardo’splanforamajorworkconcerningthatheroofancientGreekmythology.ButtherewassomethingintheRenaissancereverenceforantiquityasafixedvalue,asanidealoutsidetime,that(iii) fascinationwiththeimmediate,themutable,andtheelusive.A.farlessfascinatedD.indifferentG.neverquiteaccordedB.notatallinspiredE.obsessedH.providedtherationaleC.moreslavishlydevotedF.uncriticalI.servedasthemodelCertainpracticescommonintheearlyUnitedStatesmakeiteasyforhistorianstounderestimatetheextentofAmericanwomen’spaidlabor.Underthelegalprinciplecalledcoverture,marriedwomenhadnolegallyrecognizedeconomicexistenceapartfromtheirhusbandsandcouldnotreceivewagesfortheirwork.Recordsofpaymentsforoutwork(workperformedinthehomeonapiece-ratebasis)showmalenamesaswagerecipients.Onehastolookinthecolumnsrecordingtheamountofworkcompletedtoseethatfemalenamesarelistedasproducers.Furthermore,mostwagelaborerswerepaidpartlyingoodsandreceivedcashwagesonlyquarterlyoronceortwiceayear.Theinfrequencyofsuchpaymentshassometimesmadeitdifficultforhistorianstorecognizethemaswages.Accordingtothepassage,paymentstowagelaborersintheearlyUnitedusuallylowerforoutworkthanforotherkindsofwageconsistentlyhigherformaleworkersthanforfemalepaidtomaleworkersatmorefrequentintervalsthantofemaleoftenpaidpartlyinformsotherthanoftennotrecordedbyThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutrecordsofpaymentsforTheyhaveonlyrecentlyreceivedattentionfromTheycouldeasilybemisinterpretedbyTheyhavefrequentlybeenoverlookedby paymentinfrequency而不是說這payment經(jīng)常historians忽略Theyshowadiscrepancybetweentheamountofmen’sandwomen’sTheyfailtoreflecttheinfrequencyofpaymentsforcompletedTheoccurrenceofdenseaggregationsofthefruit-bearingtreeBrosimumalicastrumonornearMayaruincomplexesinCentralAmericawasinitiallyinterpretedasevidenceofancientMayasilviculture,i.e.,thestandswererelictsoforchardsplantedbytheMaya.Laterwork,however,suggestedthatthestandsresultedfromtheArtibeusbatsthatroostamongtheruins.Thebatsflytotheforest,collectthefruit,bringitbacktotheirroost,eatthefruit,andthendiscardtheundamagedseed.Thecontinualinputofbat-dispersedseedhasmaintainedtheclumpsofB.alicastrumaroundruinsformanyhundredsofyears.Thisobservation,however,doesnotnegatethepossibilitythatB.alicastrumwasusedandmanagedbytheMaya.Infact,ifweexaminethebehavior,ratherthanthedensityorlocationofthesetreepopulations,wearepresentedwithstrongevidenceofdeliberategeneticimprovement.ThisisespeciallynotableintheB.alicastrumtreesthatclusteraroundtheMayaruinsatTikalinGuatemala:thesetrees'productivityisalmosttwicethatoftreesinVeracruz,Mexico,underalmostidenticalenvironmentalconditions.“Thecontinualinputofbat-dispersedseed”ismentionedinthepassageaspartofanexplanationfortheproductivityofcertainstandsofB.thepresenceofstandsofB.alicastrumincertainthedisplacementoffruittreesfromMayachangesintheappearanceofMayachangesintheforestaroundMayaThepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheB.alicastrumtreesobservedatTheyrepresentastrainthatmayhavebeenbroughttoTikalfromTheyrepresentastrainthatmayhavebeenbredbytheMayatoincreaseitsTheirfruitispreferredbyArtibeusbatstothefruitofothertreeTheyaremorenumerousaroundtheruinsatTikalthanB.alicastrumtreesareatotherMayasites.TheirseedisabletowithstanddamagethatmightotherwisepreventThepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingabouttheB.alicastrumtreesobservedinTheyareaproductofselectiveTheirdevelopmenthasbeeninfluencedbybatTheybearaninferiorqualityofTheyarepoorlysuitedtothegrowingconditionsatTheydiffersignificantlyfromthetreesatTikalintheirgeneticManyclaimthattheevidenceforAmericans’growingsocialisolationis :familiesdinetogetherathirdlessoftenthantheydidevenin1980andparticipationincommunitygroupsand anizationshasdeclined.isolation的意思理解反了undeniable無可辯駁=B深?yuàn)W的，難懂DE.Theexcellentagreementbetweentheoryandexperimentconvincedmanyoftheoriginalopponentsofatomistictheories;thenceforththeyacceptedthe ofthetheories.thetheoriestheir所以邏輯反了缺AlthoughthebiographyneverexplicitlyassesseswhatrolethedynamicbetweenMr.Merrill’sparentsmighthaveplayedinthedevelopmentofhis ality,theauthoroffersplentyof （110027-The ofophthalmologyasafieldintheUnitedStatesfrom1820to1850isevidentintheopeningofatleastfiveeyehospitalsduringthisperiod,offeringnewvenuesforophthalmictreatmentandexperimentation.（110032-10）PAGE11!retrenHomeownersoftenweatherize增強(qiáng)房屋的越冬御寒性能theirhomes,thatis,theyaddinsulationandsealup密封，緊閉gapstoavoiddrafts.Inthepast,manyhomeownersusedinsulationthatreleasesformaldehyde,agasthatathighconcentrationscauseshealthproblems.Suchinsulationisnowbanned.Itisstillpossible,however,tocreatedangerouslevelsofformaldehydebyweatherizingahouse,sincereducingairflowincreasestheconcentrationsofanygasbeingreleasedintotheairofthehouse,and Whichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletestheanyformaldehyde-releasinginsulationinstalledbeforethebanhaslongsincestoppedreleasingmanyitemsinatypicalhomerelease tiesoftheinsulationthatreleasesformaldehydewaseasytoinstallinanexistingalmostallofthefreshairthatentersaweatherizedhouseentersthroughheatingandcoolingcertainotherkindsofinsulationpresentotherhealthrisksifnotusedOnemightassumethemostadmiredarchitecturewouldbethebestbuilt.Thiswasgenerallytrueinthepast,butinthetwentiethcentury,whennewmaterialsandnewaesthetictheoriesoftendrovearchitectstocavalierexperimentation,evencelebratedarchitectsfellshort.WhendesigningtheCentreGeesPompidouinParis,RenzoPianoandRichardRogersturnedthebuildingliterallyinsideout.Previouslyhiddenelementssuchaspipes,ducts,elevatorswereexposedtoview-andexposedtotheelements.Theresultmighthavebeenforeseen:afteronlytwentyyears,thebuildingwasclosedforatwo-yearrenovation.Althoughtheauthoritiesmaintainedthattheunexpectedlylargenumbersofvisitorsnecessitatedtherenovationmuchofthebudgetwasspentonrefurbishingthefacade.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthehighlightedIthelpssubstantiatethe saboutpre-twentieth-centuryItprovidesaspecificexampleofthetrendcitedinthepreviousItbolsterstheclaimthatmodernarchitectureabhorsaestheticItrestatestheassumptionmentionedinthepassage’sopeningItmarksatransitiontoadiscussionofFrencharchitecturalWhichofthefollowingqualitiesoftheCentrePompidouformsthebasisfortheauthor’scritiqueofRenzoPianoandRichardRogers’work?ItsItsinitialconstructionItsItsItsDespitetheextravagantcolorsoftheflowersbeesvisit,untiltheearly1900sitwascommonlythoughtthatbeeswereentirelycolor-blind.Totestthis,zoologistKarlvonFrischsetoutanarrayofdishesoncards.Thedishononecard,theonlybluecardamongvaryinggrays,containedsugarwater.Oncebeeslearnedtovisitthiscardanddishcombination,hevarieditspositioninthematrix.Next,hereplacedallthecardsanddisheswithanewsetofidenticalmaterials,onlynowleavingthebluecard’sdishempty.Thebeesnonethelessreturnedtothebluecard.IftheirvisionPAGE12!weremonochromatic,theywouldlikelyhavefoundatleastsomeofthegraycardsindistinguishablefromtheblue.Theauthorofthepassagerefersto“extravagantcolors”primarilyvalidateaviewaboutbees'colorvisionthatwasoncecommonlysuggestwhyitmightbesurprisingthatbeeswerethoughttobecolor-complicatethedebateaboutbees'colorpointoutareasonforbees'visualanticipateanobjectiontothemethodologyoftheexperimentdescribedintheItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbysettingoutnewcardswhenreplacingthedishofsugarwaterwithanemptyoneFrischwasabletorecordaccurayanychangesincolorthatresultedfromspillsorcouldsubtlyalterthecolorofthecardonwhichthesugarwaterwasplacedineachiterationoftheexperimentintroducednewcluesrelevanttofindingthesugarwater'ssucceededinprovingthatbeesseeinonlyalimitedspectrumofcolwasabletoruleoutthepossibilitythatthebeeshadsomehowmarkedthebluecardinprevious13!自適section難度：median7Theauthor’sunfortunatepredilectionformanneredturnsofphraseandcomplicatedmetaphorshadatendencyto herwork’sstraightforwardthemes.（110052-2）Nylenna’sstudyshowedthaterrorsinscientificmanuscriptssubmittedforpublicationoftenescreviewers’notice,resultsthatwerenot:whenGodleeconductedastudyofthesamephenomenon,herfindingsweresimilar.（110010-1）eanomalous反A.D.B.E.C.A.D.B.E.C.F.Alltherelationshipsthecomposerexploredinhis1970musicalwere(i) andthusspoketotheculture’sconfusionanddespair.ThismadehimBroadway’slaureate桂冠of(ii).A.D.沉凝望；注視，凝B.E.self-C.枯萎摧殘Itwouldbetempting,butincorrect,tomaintainthattherecentamongthemembersofthechambergroup(i) theclassicalmusicworld.Thefieldisasrifewithinter sasanyother.Butthosesaresupposedtobe(ii) .Foradisputetospillintothecourtsandthepublicarenaasthisonehasis,musicianssay,(iii) .Ithasconsumedthelivesofthoseinvolvedand eacautionarytaleforchamberplayers.A.isunaffectedD.G.B.isananomalyE.keptprivateintotheforspillandthepublicH.C.F.I.Thesmallesthumansocietiesthatwecanidentify,eitheramonglivinggroupsoramongthepopulationsofprehistory,donotappearto(i) theimageofprimitive(ii) thathasepopularamonganthropologistsinthepasttwentyyears.Hungerhasclearlybeenatleastaseasonalproblemformanyhistoricandcontemporarygroups,and(iii) isnotunknown.Contemporaryhunter-gatherersappeartobechronicallylean,aswellasatleastoccasionallyA.DdexterityB.callintoEaffluenceH.C.liveupFrestlessnessI.AbolitionistFrederickDouglass’movetoRochester,NewYork,in1847wasamajorstepinhisfindinghisowninlectualpath.AlongwithmuchoftherestofwesternNewYork,RochesterbecamefertilegroundforanantislaverymovementthatdissentedfromthatledbyWilliamLloydGarrison,withwhomDouglassh reviouslybeenaligned.UnliketheGarrisonians,whobelievedtheUnionestablishedbytheUnitedStatesConstitutionmustbedissolvedinordertoabolishslavery,manyRochesteractivistsbegantoseeboththeConstitutionandthepoliticalprocessasinvaluableinstrumentsforachievingthatgoal.Duringthe1840sand1850s,manyabolitionists efrustratedbythefailureofGarrison’smethodofmoralpersuasion.Theyturnedinsteadtopoliticstofightslavery.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthefunctionofthehighlightedItemphasizedGarrison’spopularityamongabolitionistspriortotheItpointsoutasimilaritybetweenGarrison’spositionandthatofDouglasspriortothelatter’smovetoRochesterItillustratestheextenttowhichGarrisondisdainedpoliticsasatooltoachieveItexplainsthemotivationbehindtheRochesterabolitionists’splitwithItsuggeststhatthepreviousalliancebetweenDouglassandGarrisonhadbeenTheauthorimpliesthatFrederickDouglass’relocationtoRochesterwasimportantmanyRochesteractivistsdoubtedWilliamLloydGarrison’scommitmenttotheabolitionistRochesterwaspopulatedbyabolitionistswhobelievedintheefficacyofmoraltheprevailingpoliticalclimatetherereinforcedDouglass’growingphilosophicaldistancefromactiviststhererecognizedDouglass’capacity ealeaderintheabolitionistactiviststherewerefocusedonhowtoamendtheConstitutioninordertoadvanceabolitionistgoalsThecycleoffluctuationinsnowshoeharepopulationsisunusualamonganimalspeciesinthatitisremarkablyregular—peakingeveryeighttoelevenyears—andbroadlysynchronizedoveravastarea.Declinesfrompeaklevelsareinitiatedbymarkedlyloweroverwintersurvivalofyounghares,sharpdecreasesinbirthrates.andadecliningsurvivalrateforadulthares.Theonsetofpopulationincreasesisbroughtaboutbygreatlyimprovedratesofsurvivalandbirth.Somebiologistshypothesizethatthecyclebeginswhenpeaksnowshoeharepopulationsexceedtheirwinterfoodsupply;resultingmalnutritiontriggersapopulationsdecline.Asharenumbersfall,therationofpredatorstoharesincreasesasdoestheimpactofpredationontheharepopulation.Thisextendthedeclinebeyondtheperiodofwinterfoodshortage.Harescarcitythencausespredatorpopulationdeclines,andwithfewerpredatorsandmoreabundantwinterfood,thepopulationbeginsanothercyclicincrease.Thehighmobilityofpredatorsrespondingtolocaldifferencesinhareabundancecontributestointerregionalsynchrony.Thepassagesuggeststhatpopulationfluctuationsinmanyotheranimalspeciesdifferfromthoseofthesnowshoehareinthatpopulationfluctuationsinotherspeciesarelessregularduetomoreerraticchangesinpredatortypicallyoccuroveralongertimearesynchronizedoverlargerarelessdependentonfoodaretypicallylesspredictable看清楚題otherspeciesAccordingtothepassage,biologistshavesuggestedwhichofthefollowingaboutsnowshoeharepopulationfluctuations?TheirregularityisduetothepersistentthreatofmalnourishmentthatyoungharesTheyaresimilarinlengthtothoseofotherspeciesofTheirsynchronycanbepartlyexplainedbytheabilityofpredato