UNIT5LanguagesaroundtheworldLanguagepoints請同學們認真完成[練案22]一、語言基礎訓練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thisistheclassroom__where__theoldsoldierisgoingtogiveusaspeech.2．I’llneverforgetthetime__that/which/不填__wespenttogetherinthearmycamp.3．I’llneverforgettheday__when__IjoinedtheLeague.4．Iknowthegirl__whom__theteachertalkedwithyesterday.5．Shehastwosons,bothof__whom__graduatedfromHarvardUniversity.6．Istillremembertheday__when__wemetonthetrainforthefirsttime.7．Wevisitedthecarfactory__where__myuncleonceworkedthreeyearsago.8．Therewasaperiodoftimeinhischildhood__when__helikedlisteningtostoriesverymuch.9．MissLiuisanexcellentteacherfrom__whom__Ihavelearnedalot.10．Thereason__why__shechangedhermindisquiteclear.Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子1．Thehousehasbeenpulleddown.Helivedinthehouse10yearsago.→Thehouse__where/inwhich__helived10yearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2．Wesettleddowninasmallvillage.Infrontofthevillageranawindingriver.→Wesettleddowninasmallvillage__infrontofwhich__ranawindingriver.3．Shehasthreesons.Allofhersonsareabroadnow.→Shehasthreesons,__allofwhom__areabroadnow.4．Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,Thirtyofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.→Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,__thirtyofwhom__aregirls.5．Theschoolliesintheeastofthetown.Heoncestudiedintheschool.→Theschool__where/inwhich__heoncestudiedliesintheeastofthetown.Ⅲ.用定語從句完成句子1．Thereason__whyhecouldnotgothere__wasthathewasillinbed.他不能到那里去的原因是他臥病在床。2．Wearelivinginanage__whenmanythingsaredone__onthecomputer.我們生活在許多事情可以在電腦上做的時代。3．Aftergraduationhereturnedtothesmalltown__where/inwhichhegrewup__.畢業(yè)以后，他回到那個他長大的小鎮(zhèn)上。4．I’llneverforgetthedays__whenIworkedtogetherwithyou__.我永遠也不會忘記和你一起工作的日子。5．Istillrememberthetime__whenIfirsttraveled__byplane.我仍然記得第一次坐飛機旅行的時候。二、培優(yōu)提升訓練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ForeignvisitorstotheUKmightbedisappointedwhentheylearnthatnoteveryonetherespeakslikeHarryPotterandhisfriends.Usually，there’sanassumptionbymanynon－BritsthateveryoneinBritainspeakswithwhat’sknownasaReceivedPronunciation(RP，標準發(fā)音)accent，alsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”．However，whilemanypeopledotalkthisway，mostBritonsspeakintheirownregionalaccents.Scouse，GlaswegianandBlackCountry—fromLiverpool，GlasgowandtheWestMidlands—arejustthreeofthecountlessnon－RPaccentsthatBritishpeoplespeakwith.Thereareevendifferencesinaccentsbetweentownsorcitiesjust30kilometersapart.WhatisevenmoredisappointingisthatnotspeakinginaRPaccentmaymeanaBritishpersonisjudgedandeventreateddifferentlyintheireverydaylife.Ina2015studybyTheUniversityofSouthWales，videosofpeoplereadingapassageinthreedifferentUKaccentswereshowntoasecondgroupofpeople.Thegroupthenratedhowintelligenttheythoughtthereaderssounded.Thelowest－ratedaccentwasBrummie，nativetopeoplefromBirmingham，acitywhoseaccentisconsideredworkingclass.However，thereisnoneedtobedisappointedthoughyouarenotspeakinginanRPaccent.Infact，doingtheoppositemayevengiveyoustrength.KongSeong－jae,25，isanInternetcelebrityfromSeoul.AfterstudyingintheUK，hepickedupseveralregionalaccents.He’snowfamousforhisonlinevideos，whereheshowsoffthevariousaccentshe’slearned.“BritishpeopleusuallygetreallyexcitedwhenIusesomeoftheirlocaldialectwords，andtheybecomemuchfriendlier.Ithinkitmakesabitofbondbetweenlocalpeopleandforeignerstospeakintheirlocalaccent，”hesaid.Soifyou’reworkingonperfectingyourBritishaccent，trytospeaklikesomeonefromLiverpool，GlasgoworBirmingham.YoumaynotsoundlikeHarryPotter，butyouarelikelytomakemorefriends.文章大意：這是一篇說明文。這篇文章先是提到了大多數(shù)人想讓自己的英語發(fā)音更地道，就去學習標準發(fā)音，它向讀者提供了一個反其道而行之的建議，就是去學習英國的一些地方方言，這樣你可能會交到更多的朋友。1．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1？__A__A．Non－BritsusuallyholdthatallBritonsspeakinaRPaccent.B．Only“theQueen’sEnglish”isacceptedintheUK.C．ForeignvisitorsaredisappointedattheirownspokenEnglish.D．AnyReceivedPronunciationaroundtheworldisalsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”．解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Usually，there’sanassumptionbymanynon－BritsthateveryoneinBritainspeakswithwhat’sknownasaReceivedPronunciation(RP,標準發(fā)音)accent，alsocalled’theQueen’sEnglish’．”可知非英國人通常認為，所有的英國人都有標準口音。故選A。2．WhatdopeoplethinkoftheBrummieaccent？__D__A．FavoredbyforeignvisitorstotheUK.B．ClosesttotheRPaccent.C．Smartandeasytounderstand.D．Spokenbypeopleoflowerclass.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Thelowest－ratedaccentwasBrummie，nativetopeoplefromBirmingham，acitywhoseaccentisconsideredworkingclass.”可知人們認為下層社會的人有Brummie口音。故選D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“doingtheopposite”inParagraph4referto？__B__A．SpeakinginaRPaccent.B．Speakinginregionalaccents.C．SpeakingtheBrummieaccent.D．SpeakinglikeHarryPotter.解析：詞義猜測題。上文“However，thereisnoneedtobedisappointedthoughyouarenotspeakinginanRPaccent.”句意為：然而，盡管你沒有使用標準發(fā)音，也沒有必要感到失望。由此推斷出“Infact，doingtheoppositemayevengiveyoustrength.”的意思是：事實上，說話帶有地方口音甚至會給你力量。下文舉了一個例子說明。故選B。4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？__D__A．AstudyaboutthemostintelligentaccentinBritain.B．AcomparisonbetweendifferentBritishaccents.C．HowmuchBritishpeoplevaluetheRPaccent.D．Theimpactofregionalaccentsonpeople’slives.解析：主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章，可知本文通過介紹英國標準音之外的一些方言使用情況，說明了地方口音對人們生活的影響。故選D。Ⅱ.完形填空TheEnglishlanguageisdifferentfromanyotherlanguage.YetEnglishwordsdonotstaythe__1.D__.Theyarealwayschanging.Peopleneed__2.B__wordsfornewinventionsandnewideas.Differentwordscomeinto__3.B__，orolderwordsareusedinanewway.Englishcanchangeby__4.A__wordsfromotherlanguages.Tomatowasborrowed__5.B__MexicoandpajamasfromIndia.Thewordcoffee__6.A__fromTurkey,andteacamefromChina.Now，newspaceandsciencewordsarebeingborrowedfromothercountries，__7.C__.Newwordsarealsomade__8.D__addingtwowordstogether.Strawberry,popcorn,andgrandfatherarewordsmadeupof__9.C__parts.Sometimesnewwordsare__10.A__formsofolderwords.Thewordphotowasmadefromphotographbycuttingoffthe__11.B__ofthelongerword.Planewasmadebycuttingoffthe__12.C__partofairplane.Smogwasmadebyusingonlythefirsttwoandlasttwolettersfromthewordssmokeandfog.The__13.D__ofpeopleandproductscanbecomenewwords.Oursandwichwasnamed__14.B__amannamedSandwich.ScotchTape,Band－aid,andJellowerenamesmadeupbythecompaniesthatfirst__15.C__theproducts.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章說明英語不同于其他任何一種語言，它不是一成不變的。其中很多單詞來自其他語言。1．A．old B．placeC．past D．same解析：通過第二段的提示“Englishcanchange...”以及第三、四段的內容可知。英語詞匯不是一成不變的。故選D項。2．A．many B．newC．mixed D．difficult解析：由該句中的“newinventionsandnew...”可以看出，當新發(fā)明出現(xiàn)時，需要新的詞匯對它進行命名。故選B項。3．A．books B．useC．life D．science解析：comeintouse為固定短語，意為“開始被使用”。故選B項。4．A．borrowing B．lendingC．moving D．sucking解析：由下文的提示“Tomatowasborrowed...”可以看出，有的英語詞匯是從其他語言借鑒而來的。故選A項。5．A．in B．fromC．to D．between解析：由下文的“fromIndia”可以看出，“Tomato”借自墨西哥的語言。故選B項。6．A．came B．borrowedC．went D．brought解析：由后文的“camefromChina”可以看出該空答案為efrom“來自”。故選A項。7．A．either B．yetC．too D．already解析：由空格所在句可以看出，與太空和科學相關的新詞匯也正在借鑒他國語言。too表示“也”時可用逗號將其與句子的其他部分隔開。故選C項。8．A．with B．fromC．through D．by解析：by表示“通過某種方式”，符合該句語意。故選D項。9．A．seven B．elevenC．two D．ten解析：根據(jù)該句中所給的合成詞可以看出，這些詞都是由兩個詞構成的。故選C項。10．A．shorter B．simpleC．easier D．proper解析：由后文所舉的例子photo是photograph的簡寫形式可以看出，有的新詞匯是由舊詞匯縮短而來的。故選A項。11．A．beginning B．endC．middle D．bottom解析：photo是將photograph的后半部分去掉后形成的新詞。theendof“……的末尾”。故選B項。12．A．back B．behindC．front D．above解析：plane是將airplane的前半部分去掉后形成的。故選C項。13．A．spelling B．charactersC．addresses D．names解析：后文講述的是各種產品的名稱，故該空應選擇names。故選D項。14．A．to B．afterC．by D．on解析：benamedafter為固定搭配，表示“以……命名”。故選B項。15．A．did B．gotC．made D．invented解析：that引導的定語從句修飾thecompanies，而公司與這些產品的關系應該是“生產”，即該句中所提到的產品的名字均來自首先制造這些產品的公司。故選C項。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Eliaswasborninthe20thcenturywhentheblackpeoplewereputintoamiserableposition__1.where__theyhadnorightsatall.Elias，likemostblackpeopleinSouthAfrica，hadlittle__2.education__(educate)andwasworried__3.about__whetherhewouldbecomeoutofwork.Thiswastheveryreason__4.why__hemetMandela.Mandelaalwaysencouragedhimnottoloseheart.Atthattime，blackpeoplehadnorightsof__5.voting__(vote)．Theycouldn’tgetjobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.Theyweresenttothepoorareas__6.where__noonecouldgrowfood.NelsonMandelaorganizedtheANCYouthLeaguetofightagainstthe__7.government__(govern)．Theyfirstbrokethelawina__8.peaceful__(peace)way.Whenitwasnotallowed，theydecidedtoanswerviolencewithviolence.So