動詞ing形式的用法動詞ing形式的用法11.–ing分詞的構成主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式:not+--ing/nothaving(been)done不是havingnot(been)done1.–ing分詞的構成主動形式被動形式一般式doingb22.一般式和完成式的用法--ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行的一個動作；完成式表示先于謂語動詞動作之前的一個動作。如：

Walkingalongthestreet,hecaughtsightofanoldfriendofhis.

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.2.一般式和完成式的用法--ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語33.---ing分詞的被動式

當－ing分詞與它的邏輯主語構成被動關系時，需要用被動形式。根據(jù)－ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，－ing分詞的被動式分為一般被動式(beingdone)和完成被動式(havingbeendone),如：

Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,heworksevenharder.3.---ing分詞的被動式當－ing分4

4.---ing分詞的句法功能---ing分詞作主語

LearningEnglishhasbecomeapartofhislife.

Itisnouse

tryingtorepairtheship.Theseholesaremuchtoobig.2)---ing分詞作賓語以下動詞必須跟---ing分詞作賓語：admit/appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy/escape/excuse//fancy/finish/imagine/keep/mind/miss/postpone/putoff/practise/resist/risk/stand/stop/suggest/giveup/cannothelp(禁不?。?.---ing分詞的句法功能---ing分詞作主語2)5要點講解避免錯過少延期

avoidmissputoff/postpone建議完成多練習

suggestfinishpractise喜歡想像禁不住

enjoyimaginecan’thelp承認否定與嫉妒

admitdenyenvy逃避冒險莫原諒

escaperiskexcuse忍受保持不介意

standkeepmindMakethemeasierforyoutoremember!tips英語中某些及物動詞后習慣跟動名詞作賓語，這類動詞是：advise,delay,appreciate,consider,beworth,feellikeetc.要點講解避免錯過少延期avoidmiss6

todosth.

doingsth.forgetrememberregretmeangoonstoptry忘記去做某事忘記已經(jīng)做過某事記住去做某事記住曾做過某事遺憾去做某事后悔做過某事打算/想做某事意味著做某事（做完某事）接著去做另一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事努力去做某事試著做某事停下來去做另一件事停止做一件事todost73）--ing分詞作表語。如：

Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.Themusictheyareplayingsoundssoexciting.

注：一般來講，--ing分詞作表語有兩種情況，一是名詞性，這時主語和表語可以互換。即：Playingallkindsofmusicisourjob.二是形容詞性，表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征，主表不可互換。

3）--ing分詞作表語。如：84）-ing分詞作定語可以表示

(1)所修飾名詞的用途。如：

awaitingroom(=aroomforwaiting)候車室

awalkingstick(=astickforwalking)手杖

asleepingcar(=acarforsleeping)臥車（2）所修飾詞的性質(zhì)特征。如：

excitingnews令人激動的消息

amovingstory一個令人感動的故事

4）-ing分詞作定語可以表示9注：分詞短語作定語須放在所修飾詞之后，例如：themanstandingatthegate=themanwhoisstandingatthegate

另外，-ing分詞的完成式不能作定語。例如不可以說：Themanhavingwrittenmanybooksisaformerstudentofourschool.應改為Themanwhohaswrittenmanybooksis…(3)所修飾名詞正在進行的動作，可以換成定語從句形式。如：

asleepingchild(=achildwhoissleeping)

正睡覺的孩子

awalkingman(=amanwhoiswalking)

正散步的男人注：分詞短語作定語須放在所修飾詞之后，例如：theman10

5)在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官動詞后可以用-ing形式做賓語補足語。這時-ing形式和句子的賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系，并且-ing形式表示賓語正在進行的動作。如：

Hesawaboyclimbingthetree.Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?有人敲門你聽見了嗎?Compare:Didyounoticeaman

enter

theroomjustnow?你注意到有個人剛才進了屋子嗎？Compare:116)-ing分詞作狀語

(1)-ing分詞在句中可以作伴隨狀語，常放于句后，表示主語正在進行的另一個動作，來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作主要陪襯。如：

Theysatinfrontofthebuilding,laughingandchatting.Heworkedlateyesterday,preparingforthelecture.(2)-ing分詞可以作時間狀語，常放在句首，如：

(When)Walkinginthestreet,Icaughtsightofatailor'sshop.

6)-ing分詞作狀語12(3)-ing分詞可以作原因狀語，常放句首。如：

Beingill,hecan'tgotoschool.

Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.

Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears,heknowsitverywell.(After)Finishingmywork,Iwentout.Havingtoldusafunnystory,theteacherwentontoexplainthetexttous(3)-ing分詞可以作原因狀語，常放句首。(After)13(4)-ing分詞可以作條件狀語，常放句首。

Turningtotheright,you’llfindthepostofficethere.(5)-ing分詞可以作結果狀語，常放句末。

Heturnedoffthelight,seeingnothing.(4)-ing分詞可以作條件狀語，常放句首。145.-ing分詞的復合結構物主代詞/人稱代詞/名詞所屬格或普通名詞+ing分詞(1)作主語（須用物主代詞或名詞所屬格）His/Tom’snotbeingchosenmadeusdisappointed.(2)作賓語(除了物主代詞和名詞所有格，也可用普通名詞或代詞賓格）

Hewasawakenedbysomeone’s

knockingatthedoor.Theyhaveneverforgiven

usgoingthere.Wedon’tmind

himexplainingitagain.Myfriendcan’tunderstand

yourtreatinghimlikethat.5.-ing分詞的復合結構(2)作賓語(除了物主代詞和名詞15(3)作狀語（須用普通名詞或主格代詞,亦稱獨立主格結構）Timepermitting,we’lldealwiththetext.Theboywasplayingwithaball,hismotherstandingnearby.典型錯誤：Readinginbedinmyroom,someoneknockedatthedoor.應改為：Readinginbedinmyroom,Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Ireadinginbedinmyroom,someoneknockedatthedoor.(3)作狀語（須用普通名詞或主格代詞,亦稱典型錯誤：Rea16Walkingacrossthestreet,acarknockedhimdown.應改為：Walkingacrossthestreet,

he

wasknockeddownbyacar.Hewalkingacrossthestreet,acarknockedhimdown.Walkingacrossthestreet,ac17___moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetterA.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven2.___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedDwaspreparingBAC___moreattention,thetreec184.She’supstairs___letters.A.writesB.iswritingC.writeDwriting5.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,__thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedDC4.She’supstairs___letters.196.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid___tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointedangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing8.Thecomputercenter,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9.Thefirsttextbooks___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

ADD6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid2011.Doyouknowtheboy__underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying12.Therewasaterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed13.---Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?---I’dliketohavethispackage______,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed14.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself___.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard

DDDB11.Doyouknowtheboy__und2115.Themissingboyswerelastseen__neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay16.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught___andletheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing17.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied19.Shesetoutsoonafterdark___homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrivedADDD15.Themissingboyswerelast2220.Johnwasmade__thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing21.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget___bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay22.Mr.Smithwarnedherdaughter___afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.everdriveCAA20.Johnwasmade__thetruck2325.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,__itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake26.Shepretended__mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen27.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers__abicycle.A.ride,rideB.riding,rideC.ride,torideD.toride,ridingAACAAC2428.LittleJimshouldlove___tothetheatrethismorning.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking29.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone31.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident___losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoastoABBABB2533.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh,Iforgot____.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff34.IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailedCC33.---Thelightintheoffic2635.Iwouldappreciate__backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling37.___isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk38.---Imustapologizefor___aheadoftime.---That’sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowCBB35.Iwouldappreciate__back2742.–Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret__that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.havingdone43.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoDA42.–Youwerebraveenoughto2844.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating45.___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolost46.Robertissaid___abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudied.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingCCA44.Thepatientwaswarned___2948.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading49.Thesentencewants___oncemore.A.explainedB.explainingC.beingexplainedD.toexplain50.Clumbuswasconsidered___thegreatlandofAmerica.A.havingdiscoveredB.discoveringC.tohavediscoveredD.todiscoverDBC48.WhenIgotbackhomeIsaw3051.____fromsomanyapple,Ithink,theseonthetablearemuchbetterthantheothers.A.HavingchosenB.ChosenC.BeingchosenD.Choose52.Herskirthasbecomeloose.Sheseems____weight.A.toloseB.thatshehaslostC.tohavelostD.tobelosing53.Thehighway____tothecityisunderrepairnow.A.leadsB.ledC.toleadD.leadingBCD51.____fromsomanyapple,I3154.Did____ontimemaketheteacherangry?A.shenotcomeB.shenottocomeC.nothercomingD.hernotcoming55.IntheCaribbean,theslaves____fromAfricadevelopedtheirownkindofmusic.A.broughtB.bringingC.tobebroughtD.thatwasbrought56.YoucanneverimaginethegreattroubleIhavehad____thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.A.totreatB.treatedC.treatD.treating57.____tobenotimeforgoingtothecinema.A.

ItseemsB.ItisseemingC.ThereseemsD.ItisDADC54.Did____ontimemakethe3258.____tothetopofthehill,andyoucanseethewholeofthetown.A.GetB.TogetC.GettingD.Havinggot59.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded60.---Yourshirtwants____,Mary.----Yes,itdoes..I’mgoingtohaveit____thisafternoon.A.towash,washingB.towash,washedC.washing;washedD.washing,wash

ACC58.____tothetopofthehil33動詞ing形式的用法動詞ing形式的用法341.–ing分詞的構成主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式:not+--ing/nothaving(been)done不是havingnot(been)done1.–ing分詞的構成主動形式被動形式一般式doingb352.一般式和完成式的用法--ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行的一個動作；完成式表示先于謂語動詞動作之前的一個動作。如：

Walkingalongthestreet,hecaughtsightofanoldfriendofhis.

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.2.一般式和完成式的用法--ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語363.---ing分詞的被動式

當－ing分詞與它的邏輯主語構成被動關系時，需要用被動形式。根據(jù)－ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，－ing分詞的被動式分為一般被動式(beingdone)和完成被動式(havingbeendone),如：

Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,heworksevenharder.3.---ing分詞的被動式當－ing分37

4.---ing分詞的句法功能---ing分詞作主語

LearningEnglishhasbecomeapartofhislife.

Itisnouse

tryingtorepairtheship.Theseholesaremuchtoobig.2)---ing分詞作賓語以下動詞必須跟---ing分詞作賓語：admit/appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy/escape/excuse//fancy/finish/imagine/keep/mind/miss/postpone/putoff/practise/resist/risk/stand/stop/suggest/giveup/cannothelp(禁不?。?.---ing分詞的句法功能---ing分詞作主語2)38要點講解避免錯過少延期

avoidmissputoff/postpone建議完成多練習

suggestfinishpractise喜歡想像禁不住

enjoyimaginecan’thelp承認否定與嫉妒

admitdenyenvy逃避冒險莫原諒

escaperiskexcuse忍受保持不介意

standkeepmindMakethemeasierforyoutoremember!tips英語中某些及物動詞后習慣跟動名詞作賓語，這類動詞是：advise,delay,appreciate,consider,beworth,feellikeetc.要點講解避免錯過少延期avoidmiss39

todosth.

doingsth.forgetrememberregretmeangoonstoptry忘記去做某事忘記已經(jīng)做過某事記住去做某事記住曾做過某事遺憾去做某事后悔做過某事打算/想做某事意味著做某事（做完某事）接著去做另一件事繼續(xù)做同一件事努力去做某事試著做某事停下來去做另一件事停止做一件事todost403）--ing分詞作表語。如：

Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.Themusictheyareplayingsoundssoexciting.

注：一般來講，--ing分詞作表語有兩種情況，一是名詞性，這時主語和表語可以互換。即：Playingallkindsofmusicisourjob.二是形容詞性，表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征，主表不可互換。

3）--ing分詞作表語。如：414）-ing分詞作定語可以表示

(1)所修飾名詞的用途。如：

awaitingroom(=aroomforwaiting)候車室

awalkingstick(=astickforwalking)手杖

asleepingcar(=acarforsleeping)臥車（2）所修飾詞的性質(zhì)特征。如：

excitingnews令人激動的消息

amovingstory一個令人感動的故事

4）-ing分詞作定語可以表示42注：分詞短語作定語須放在所修飾詞之后，例如：themanstandingatthegate=themanwhoisstandingatthegate

另外，-ing分詞的完成式不能作定語。例如不可以說：Themanhavingwrittenmanybooksisaformerstudentofourschool.應改為Themanwhohaswrittenmanybooksis…(3)所修飾名詞正在進行的動作，可以換成定語從句形式。如：

asleepingchild(=achildwhoissleeping)

正睡覺的孩子

awalkingman(=amanwhoiswalking)

正散步的男人注：分詞短語作定語須放在所修飾詞之后，例如：theman43

5)在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官動詞后可以用-ing形式做賓語補足語。這時-ing形式和句子的賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系，并且-ing形式表示賓語正在進行的動作。如：

Hesawaboyclimbingthetree.Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?有人敲門你聽見了嗎?Compare:Didyounoticeaman

enter

theroomjustnow?你注意到有個人剛才進了屋子嗎？Compare:446)-ing分詞作狀語

(1)-ing分詞在句中可以作伴隨狀語，常放于句后，表示主語正在進行的另一個動作，來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作主要陪襯。如：

Theysatinfrontofthebuilding,laughingandchatting.Heworkedlateyesterday,preparingforthelecture.(2)-ing分詞可以作時間狀語，常放在句首，如：

(When)Walkinginthestreet,Icaughtsightofatailor'sshop.

6)-ing分詞作狀語45(3)-ing分詞可以作原因狀語，常放句首。如：

Beingill,hecan'tgotoschool.

Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithher.

Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears,heknowsitverywell.(After)Finishingmywork,Iwentout.Havingtoldusafunnystory,theteacherwentontoexplainthetexttous(3)-ing分詞可以作原因狀語，常放句首。(After)46(4)-ing分詞可以作條件狀語，常放句首。

Turningtotheright,you’llfindthepostofficethere.(5)-ing分詞可以作結果狀語，常放句末。

Heturnedoffthelight,seeingnothing.(4)-ing分詞可以作條件狀語，常放句首。475.-ing分詞的復合結構物主代詞/人稱代詞/名詞所屬格或普通名詞+ing分詞(1)作主語（須用物主代詞或名詞所屬格）His/Tom’snotbeingchosenmadeusdisappointed.(2)作賓語(除了物主代詞和名詞所有格，也可用普通名詞或代詞賓格）

Hewasawakenedbysomeone’s

knockingatthedoor.Theyhaveneverforgiven

usgoingthere.Wedon’tmind

himexplainingitagain.Myfriendcan’tunderstand

yourtreatinghimlikethat.5.-ing分詞的復合結構(2)作賓語(除了物主代詞和名詞48(3)作狀語（須用普通名詞或主格代詞,亦稱獨立主格結構）Timepermitting,we’lldealwiththetext.Theboywasplayingwithaball,hismotherstandingnearby.典型錯誤：Readinginbedinmyroom,someoneknockedatthedoor.應改為：Readinginbedinmyroom,Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Ireadinginbedinmyroom,someoneknockedatthedoor.(3)作狀語（須用普通名詞或主格代詞,亦稱典型錯誤：Rea49Walkingacrossthestreet,acarknockedhimdown.應改為：Walkingacrossthestreet,

he

wasknockeddownbyacar.Hewalkingacrossthestreet,acarknockedhimdown.Walkingacrossthestreet,ac50___moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetterA.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven2.___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedDwaspreparingBAC___moreattention,thetreec514.She’supstairs___letters.A.writesB.iswritingC.writeDwriting5.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,__thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedDC4.She’supstairs___letters.526.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid___tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointedangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing8.Thecomputercenter,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened9.Thefirsttextbooks___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

ADD6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid5311.Doyouknowtheboy__underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying12.Therewasaterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed13.---Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?---I’dliketohavethispackage______,madam.A.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed14.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself___.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard

DDDB11.Doyouknowtheboy__und5415.Themissingboyswerelastseen__neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay16.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught___andletheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing17.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied19.Shesetoutsoonafterdark___homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrivedADDD15.Themissingboyswerelast5520.Johnwasmade__thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing21.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget___bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay22.Mr.Smithwarnedherdaughter___afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.everdriveCAA20.Johnwasmade__thetruck5625.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,__itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake26.Shepretended__mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen27.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers__abicycle.A.ride,rideB.riding,rideC.ride,torideD.toride,ridingAACAAC5728.LittleJimshouldlove___tothetheatrethismorning.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking29.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone31.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident___losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoastoABBABB5833.---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh,Iforgot____.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff34.IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailedCC33.---Thelightintheoffic5935.Iwouldappreciate__backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling37.___isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk38.---Imustapologizefor___aheadoftime.---That’sallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowCBB35.Iwouldappreciate__back6042.–Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret__that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.havingdone43.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donottoDA42.–Youwerebraveenoughto6144.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodafterthe