通用移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)（UMTS）與4G技術(shù)Prof.HamidAghvamiCentreforTelecommunicationsResearch-King’sCollegeLondonWirelessMultimediaCommunicationsLtdMobileSystemGenerationsFirstGeneration(1G)mobilesystemsweredesignedtoofferasingleservice,i.e.,speech.SecondGeneration(2G)mobilesystemswerealsodesignedprimarilytoofferspeechwithalimitedcapabilitytoofferdataatlowrates.ThirdGeneration(3G)mobilesystemsareexpectedtoofferhigh-qualitymulti-mediaservicesandoperateindifferentenvironments.3GsystemsarereferredtoasUniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystem(UMTS)inEuropeandInternationalMobileTelecommunications2000(IMT2000)worldwide.UMTS“UMTSwillbeamobilecommunicationssystemthatcanoffersignificantuserbenefitsincludinghigh-qualitywirelessmultimediaservicestoaconvergentnetworkoffixed,cellularandsatellitecomponents.Itwilldeliverinformationdirectlytousersandprovidethemwithaccesstonewandinnovativeservicesandapplications.Itwilloffermobilepersonalisedcommunicationstothemassmarketregardlessoflocation,networkandterminalused”.UMTSForum1997UMTSMainRequirements(3Ms)Multi-mediaMulti-environmentMulti-operator VirtualoperatorsMobileMultimediaServicesDifferentEnvironmentsforUMTSEuropehasdecidedtoadoptanevolutionaryapproachfortheUMTScorenetworkbasedonmigrationfromtheGSM/GPRSinfrastructure.Fortheactualairinterface,arevolutionaryapproachhasbeenchosen.ThatisanewradioairinterfaceforUMTSTerrestrialRadioAccess(UTRA).Thereis

anotherparallelactivityconcerningtheUMTSairinterfaceusinganevolutionaryapproach(anintermediateapproach).FirstphaseofUMTSEvolutionapproachbasedonGSMInfrastructureEvolutionApproachNewRadioAccess

(UTRAN)NSSAndGSN’sPSTNN-ISDNB-ISDNIP-basedNetworksRadioAccessGSMInfrastructurePublicNetworkDual-modeDual-modeEvolvedGSMRadioAccess

(GERAN)InthisapproachtheGSMairinterfacehasevolvedwithinGSMphase2+tosupporthigherratedataservices.Themostimportantdevelopmentsinthisapproachare:

1.GeneralPacketRadioServices(GPRS) 2.HighSpeedCircuitSwitchedData(HSCSD) 3.EnhancedDataRatesforGSMEvolution(EDGE)ItisreferredtoGSM/EDGERadioAccessNetwork(GERAN)EvolutionaryapproachfortheGSMAirInterfaceSMSC/VLRGMSCPSTNHLRPDNInternetGGSNSGSNRNCCircuitSwitched(GSM)PacketSwitched(GPRS)UTRANIu,psIu,csGsCGnGrGcUMTS–PhaseIDRNCNodeBNodeBNodeBNodeBIu,csIu,ps….……….…..….…Applications&ServicesLegacymobilesignallingnetworkOtherPLMNMultimediaIPnetworksGGSNPSTN/legacy/externalSGSNSGSNHSS(HLR)GGSNEIRSGWMRFCSCFMGCFMGWSimplifiedarchitectureforthesupportofIP-basedmultimediaservicesin3GPPrelease5SignallinginterfaceSignallinganddatatransferinterfaceGnGpMhCxMmGiMgMcGiGiMrGcMsGnGiGrGfTEMTGERANTEMTUTRANIu-PSUuUmRRNewFunctionalEntitiesfortheAllIPArchitectureCallStateControlFunction(CSCF)executesthecallcontrol.ItisbasedontheIETFSessionInitiationProtocol(SIP).MediaGateWay(MGW)providesaninter-connectionfromGGSNtolegacycircuit-switchednetworkssuchasPSTN.MediaGatewayControlFunction(MGCF)controlstheMGW.MediaResourceFunction(MRF)performsmultipartycallandmultimediaconferencingfunctions.SignallingGateWay(SGW)performssignallingconversionto/fromlegacymobilesignallingnetwork.HomeSubscriberServer(HSS)isanevolvedHLR.4GConceptTowards4GUsercentric,usercontrolledservicesandcontext-awareapplicationsWhatdoes“usercontrolledservices”mean?“TheuserhasfreedomandflexibilitytoselectanydesiredservicewithreasonableQoSandaffordableprice,anytime,anywhereusinganydeviceinasecuremanner”4GConceptWhatdoes“context-awareapplications”mean?“Acontext-awareapplicationmeansthebehaviouroftheapplicationadaptsitselftousercontextchanges.Usercontextincludes:-userprofileandpreferences.-userdeviceandaccessnetworkcapabilities.-userenvironmentandmobility.”4GConceptTechnologiesChallengesConvergence/integration/inter-workingofallexistingandemergingfixedandmobile(wiredandwireless)networksincludingbroadcastSimpletoselectandeasytousedesiredservicesUniversalandlowcostterminalsIPTechnologyAgentTechnologyReconfigurableTechnologyInter-workingConceptIntegrationConceptNetworkLevelConceptsInterworking/IntegrationForthedesignofnextgenerationwirelessnetworkstwodifferentapproachesarecurrentlybeingconsidered.Theyare: -InterworkingwithnextgenerationInternet(tightcoupling) -IntegrationwithinnextgenerationInternet(verytightcoupling)Inthefirstapproach,theaccessnetworkandthecorenetworkusedifferentIPprotocolsandmechanismsandonlythecorenetworkisconsideredasasub-networkoftheInternet.Inthesecondapproach,boththecoreandaccessnetworksusecommonIPbasedprotocolsandmechanismsandtheaccessnetworkisconsideredasasub-networkoftheInternet.TheInternetIPbackboneBillingVHESignallingGatewayWAPAccountingUMTSBroadcastNetworks(DAB,DVB-T)SatelliteFESGSM/GPRSContext-awareinformationCentreIP-basedmicro-mobilityWirelessLANsISPSIPProxyServerInter-WorkingGeneralarchitectureoftheIP-basedIMTnetworkplatformApplicationsAP1AP2AP3APnMiddlewareIP-basedtransportNWLocationAccounting/billingMediaconversionDistributionBasicnetworkmanagementsub-layerRRMMMC/SMSecurityQoSServicesupportsub-layerIPIPIPIPRadioRadioRadioIPIPIPISDN/PSTNInternetIntegrationGlobalcoverageNationalcoverageLocalareacoverageWirelessLANsDABandDVB-T,DVB-S2G,3Gand4GCellularPersonalareacoverageHierarchicalcoveragelayersfor4GSatelliteRegionalcoverageWirelessPANsVerticalHandoverHorizontalHandoverIP-basedbackboneThecomplexityoftheproblem:userprospectiveFromauserprospectiveMultipleHeterogeneousnetworkoperatorspartofMultipleuserenvironments

accessedusingMultipleheterogeneousdevicesownedbyheterogeneoususersFromanetworkprospectiveMultipleHeterogeneousnetworkoperatorsprovidingMultipleservicesthroughmultipleaccessnetworkstouserswithheterogeneousdevicesThecomplexityoftheproblem:networkprospectiveAHeterogeneousNetworkArchitecture

UTRAN

WLAN

4GRAN

PAN

Wireless

AccessNetwork

CoreNetwork

FutureInternet

Intra-CellPAN

Ad-hocNetwork

PAN

PAN

PAN

Inter-workingbetweentworadioaccessnetworksOpencouplingInter-workingbetweentworadioaccessnetworksLoosecouplingInter-workingbetweentworadioaccessnetworksTightcouplingInter-workingbetweentworadioaccessnetworksVerytightcouplingInter-workingexamples-cachingContentDeliveryNotificationContent:videoclip(15MB)Service:MusicClipsCompany:MTVPleaseselectdeliveryoptionsSendtoPDA(5eur)–15minSendtoofficePC(10eur)–7minSendtoSTB(20eur)-2minDeliveryoptionsNetworkprovidesdevicedeliveryoptionsincludingcostanddeliverytimesUserselectsdesireddestination

Slide:30-40Inter-workingexamplesusercentricLoadbalancingi.e.UsingDVBtomulticastorbroadcasttolargenumberofusersHandoversi.e.UsersintrainmovingoutsidethecoverageofanetworkSlide:31-40Inter-workingexamples–networkcentricNetworkSelectionMostAppropriateNetworkSelectionCriteriaUserContextServiceTypeAvailableResources-Datarate-QoS-Environment(WhenandWhere)-Mobility-UserpreferencesConvergenceConvergenceofCellularMobileNetworksandWLANsBenefitsForcellularmobileoperatorsHigherbandwidths.Lowercostofnetworksandequipment.Theuseoflicence-exemptspectrum.HighercapacityandQoSenhancement.Higherrevenue.ForusersAccesstobroadbandmultimediaserviceswithlowercostandwheremostlyneeded(e.g.inCentralBusinessDistrictsandBusinessCustomerPremises).Inter-networkroaming.ConvergenceConvergenceofMobileCommunicationsandBroadcastingDriversFrombroadcasterpointofviewIntroducinginteractivitytotheirunidirectionalpoint-to-multipointbroadcastingsystems.Thatis,abroadbanddownlinkbasedonDAB/DVB-Tandanarrowbanduplinkbasedon2G/3Gcellularsystems.FromthecellularmobileoperatorpointofviewProvidingacomplementarybroadbanddownlinkinvehicularenvironmentsto

supportIP-basedmulti-mediatrafficwhichisinherentlyasymmetrical.ConvergenceBenefitsBroadcasterswillbenefitfromtheuseofcellularmobilesystemstoadaptthecontentoftheirmulti-mediaservicesmorerapidlyinresponsetothefeedbackfromcustomers.Cellularoperatorswillbenefitfromofferingtheircustomersarangeofnewbroadbandmulti-mediaservicesinvehicularenvironments.Userswillbenefitfromfasteraccesstoarangeofbroadbandmulti-mediaserviceswithreasonableQoSandlowercost.SteveDeering-Cisco:Fifty-firstIETF;London,England,August5-10,2001IPLayerModelAdditionalIPFunctionsMobilityManagementQualityofServiceAAAIPSecAd-HocRoutingetc.NativeIPFunctions:RoutingAddressingPacketFormattingandHandling

LowerLayersHigherLayersIPNetworkLayerIPConvergenceLayerDataInterfaceErrorControlBufferManagement

QoSSupportSegmentation/ReassemblyHeaderCompressionMulticastSupportControlInterfaceConfigurationManagementAddressManagement

QoSControlHandoverControlIdleModeSupportSecurityManagementIPLayerModelforWLANsIPLayerModelThefunctionalitiesandstructureoftheIPlayermodelarenotsufficientand/orefficienttoachievetherequirementsoffutureinter-workedorintegratednetworks.NofundamentalchangeshavebeenmadeinthedesignofIPV6.Thequestionis:“AresomeradicalchangesneededtotheIPlayermodelinordertoofferbettersolutionstotheconvergenceissue?”Ifyes,whataretheconsequencesandimplications?

“Anagentisasoftwarecomponent(object)thatissituatedwithinanexecutionenvironment(puters)andactsautonomouslyonbehalfofauserorprocessandhasspecificgoal.”AgentDefinition2G,3GWLAN…APAP:AgentPlatformAPAPAPServiceCentreAgentTechnologyMandatoryfeaturesReactive:

senseschangesintheenvironmentandreactsinaccordance.Autonomous:

hascontroloveritsownactionsGoal-driven:

ispro-activeOptionalfeaturesCollaborative:

communicates/negotiateswithotheragentsMobile:

travelsfromonehosttoanotherLearning:

adaptsinaccordancewithpreviousexperienceBelievable:

appearsbelievabletotheend-user.Mobilevs.StaticAgentsClientServerClientServerrequestrespondrequestrespond“Softwarecomponentsthatcanmigrateundertheirowncontrolfromhosttohostinanetworkorbetweennetworks”MobileAgentsMobileagentshavealreadybeenusedfornetworkmonitoringandservicedeliveryincludingeducationatadistance.Inanever-increasingworldofserviceprovidersandservicepackages,auserdemandsasimpleapproachtotheselectionofthedesiredserviceanditsdeliverymechanisminreal-timewithleasteffort.Thiscanbeachievedthroughtheuseofmobileagents.Theuseofmobileagentscanalsoovercometheconstraintsimposedonapplicationsbythelimitedprocessingpowerandspeedofmobileterminals.Anopenquestion:Staticormobileagentsforwirelessnetworks?Whataretheprosandcons?AgentTechnologyRe-configurableTechnologyWhatdoesReconfigurationmean?“Reconfigurationreferstothesoftware

re-definitionand/oradaptationofeveryelementwithineachlayerofthecommunicationchain.”Baseband

ProcessingUserDataA/DConvert