CriticalThinkingUnit2,BookII1ppt課件CriticalThinkingUnit2,BookText1CriticalThinkingPartI:(Paras.1–4)Whatiscriticalthinking?(definition)Para.1:It’sasystemforopeningeveryexistingsystem.Para.2:Or,criticalthinkingisthinkingthatanalyzesthought,thatassessesthought,andthattransformsthoughtforthebetter.Para.2:(Thereisathirdwaytotalkaboutcriticalthinking)It’sthinkingaboutthinkingwhilethinkinginordertothinkbetter.Para.4:Inotherwords,criticalthinking,…,transformsthinkingintwodirections:moresystematicallyandmorecomprehensively.2ppt課件Text1CriticalThinkingPartPartII:(Paras.5–6)Criticalthinkingisimportant.Para.5:It’simportantbecausewe,ascreatures,aredeeplydetermined…byourthinking.Para.6:Ourfutureasaspeciesisdependentonwhetherwecandevelopthewherewithaltoraiseourcollectivethinkingsoastoproducepositivechangesinsocietiesacrosstheworld.3ppt課件PartII:(Paras.5–6)CritiPartIII:(Paras.7–10):ThetaskofdevelopingcriticalsocietiesisaHerculeanone.Para.7:topicsentenceandbackgroundinformation.Paras.8--10:Therearemanybarrierstocriticalthought.--Para.8:humanegocentricity,sociocentricity,self-delusion,narrow-mindedness--Para.9:fear,humaninsecurity,humanhabits,bureaucracy4ppt課件PartIII:(Paras.7–10):Th--Para.10:Thenforuswhoareteaching,studentresistancetocriticalthinkingisanobstacle....mistakennotions,ignorance,ourlimitedknowledge,stubbornness,ouractivatedignorance,(finally)ourresistancetodoingtheintellectualwork...5ppt課件--Para.10:ThenforuswhoPartIV(Paras.11–15):Howdowecultivatecriticalthinking?Paras.11and12:Thiscanbedoneonlyperson-by-personthroughaprocess,whichwecallintellectualwork.Thinkofthe“ElementsofThought”...Areweinthehabitofaskingquestions?Paras.13–15:Whatstandardsdoyouusetoassessyourthinkingandthethinkingofothers?“Iusethestandardsofclarity,accuracy,precision,relevance,depth,breadth,logicandfairness.”6ppt課件PartIV(Paras.11–15):HowThelasttwoparas.:conclusionOurstudentsshouldlearntothinkcriticallysoastoknowhowtochangetheirthinkinginkeepingwiththechangesoftheworld.7ppt課件Thelasttwoparas.:conclusiWhatiscriticalthinking?Whyisitimportantforus?Whyisitsodifficult?Howcanwecultivateit?8ppt課件Whatiscriticalthinking?8pptWhatis“beingcritical”?CriticcomesfromtheAncientGreek,meaningapersonwhooffersreasonedjudgmentoranalysis,andcriticismistheactivityofjudgmentorinformedinterpretation,whichcanbesynonymouswithanalysis.9ppt課件Whatis“beingcritical”?Criti

'Beingcritical'inacademictermsreferstotwobroadcharacteristicsofaresearcher'swayofthinking.Acriticalresearcherisalwaysquestioning.

askingquestion/expressingdoubts:nothingistakenforgranted.scrutinizingevidence:Wherethereisaclaimmade,clarifytheevidencethatsupports.drawingaconclusion:checkiftheclaimsinquestionarecredible-ornot!10ppt課件'Beingcritical'inacademicAcriticalresearcherisopen-minded,respectfulofothers(evenwhileperhapschallengingtheirwork),andconstructive.Theobjectiveofcriticalresearchistoadvanceknowledge,nottobuildone'sownreputationordamagesomeoneelse's.11ppt課件Acriticalresearcherisopen-So,howdoyouunderstand“beingcritical”inreading?12ppt課件So,howdoyouunderstand“beiWhatdowemeanby‘critical’inreading?readbetweenlinesbeinquisitivejudgecredibilitycommentrationallyreflectononeselfforimprovement13ppt課件Whatdowemeanby‘critical’readbetweenlines:thinkingcarefullyaboutwhatyoureadandwhy:notjustlookingforandreadingtheobvious14ppt課件readbetweenlines:thinkingbeinquisitive:

questioningandtestingwhatyouread,e.g.“dotheauthor’sviewpointsandideasappearjustified?Why-orwhynot?”askinggoodquestionsofothersandofyourselfexploringfurtherwhatisnotadequatelydiscussedinwhatyouread15ppt課件beinquisitive:15ppt課件judgecredibility:

judgingwhatisbelievableandwhatisnotspottingandchallengingpotentialbias,distortedviews,prejudice,andself-interest-intheworkofothers,andinyourownthinkingchallengingideas-whereappropriate,andbasedoncredibleevidence16ppt課件judgecredibility:16ppt課件commentrationally:notjustrepeatingtheideasofothers,butlookingforconnections(ordisparities),andconstructingyourownargumentssupportedbyarangecarefullyconsideredviewpoints17ppt課件commentrationally:notjustrreflectforimprovement:lookingforgaps,andputtingforwardnewordifferentsolutions;adaptingyourplan,yourgoal,yourwayofreadingandlearningbasedonyourdevelopinginsights18ppt課件reflectforimprovement:18ppt課Whatisthe“criticalthinking”‘stairway’?Whatdopeopledowhentheythinkcritically?19ppt課件Whatisthe“criticalthinkingDiscussion(I)Whenyouhaveaproblem,orsimplywhenyouwanttodosth.,orachieveacertaingoal,whatdoyoudotoarriveatthefinaldestination?20ppt課件Discussion(I)WhenyouhaveaDiscussion(II)SherlockHolmesandJohnWatsonhavenevermeteachotherbuttheyaregoingtoshareaflat.Whentheymeetforthefirsttime,theymustwonder:Whoistheguyandwhatishelike?HowdidHolmesgettheanswers?HowdidWatsongettheanswers?21ppt課件Discussion(II)SherlockHolmesHolmes’waytogettheanswer–Question

–observation

–processinginformation(analyzingwhatisseenandrecognizinglogicalrelationshipbetweenthevisibleandtheinvisible)–assumption

–puttingtheassumptiontotest

–reconstructingbelief–arrivingataccurateconclusion22ppt課件Holmes’waytogettheanswer–Watson’swaytogettheanswerpuzzledwaitingtobetoldtheanswer23ppt課件Watson’swaytogettheanswerCriticalThinking“Stairway”Questions/problems/plan/goal,etc.observation:gatheringrelevantinformationprocessinginformation:analyzing,comparing,synthesizing,recognizinglogicalrelationshipbetweenthevisibleandtheinvisibleassumption:Recognizingtheexistence(ornon-existence)oflogicalrelationshipsbetweeninformation;drawingwarrantedconclusionsandgeneralizationstest:puttingtheassumptiontotest,verifyingifitisaccurateReconstruction:reconstructingyourpatternsofbeliefsonthebasisofwiderexperienceifpreviousassumptionprovestobeinaccurateConclusion/judgment:renderinganaccuratejudgment24ppt課件CriticalThinking“Stairway”24CriticalreadingLogicalthinkingCreativethinkingLogicGreatthinkers/philosophersandtheirthoughtHeremaybewhereyoubegintoexploreabout“criticalthinking”:/wiki/Critical_thinkingFurtherReading25ppt課件CriticalreadingFurtherReadinCriticalThinkingUnit2,BookII26ppt課件CriticalThinkingUnit2,BookText1CriticalThinkingPartI:(Paras.1–4)Whatiscriticalthinking?(definition)Para.1:It’sasystemforopeningeveryexistingsystem.Para.2:Or,criticalthinkingisthinkingthatanalyzesthought,thatassessesthought,andthattransformsthoughtforthebetter.Para.2:(Thereisathirdwaytotalkaboutcriticalthinking)It’sthinkingaboutthinkingwhilethinkinginordertothinkbetter.Para.4:Inotherwords,criticalthinking,…,transformsthinkingintwodirections:moresystematicallyandmorecomprehensively.27ppt課件Text1CriticalThinkingPartPartII:(Paras.5–6)Criticalthinkingisimportant.Para.5:It’simportantbecausewe,ascreatures,aredeeplydetermined…byourthinking.Para.6:Ourfutureasaspeciesisdependentonwhetherwecandevelopthewherewithaltoraiseourcollectivethinkingsoastoproducepositivechangesinsocietiesacrosstheworld.28ppt課件PartII:(Paras.5–6)CritiPartIII:(Paras.7–10):ThetaskofdevelopingcriticalsocietiesisaHerculeanone.Para.7:topicsentenceandbackgroundinformation.Paras.8--10:Therearemanybarrierstocriticalthought.--Para.8:humanegocentricity,sociocentricity,self-delusion,narrow-mindedness--Para.9:fear,humaninsecurity,humanhabits,bureaucracy29ppt課件PartIII:(Paras.7–10):Th--Para.10:Thenforuswhoareteaching,studentresistancetocriticalthinkingisanobstacle....mistakennotions,ignorance,ourlimitedknowledge,stubbornness,ouractivatedignorance,(finally)ourresistancetodoingtheintellectualwork...30ppt課件--Para.10:ThenforuswhoPartIV(Paras.11–15):Howdowecultivatecriticalthinking?Paras.11and12:Thiscanbedoneonlyperson-by-personthroughaprocess,whichwecallintellectualwork.Thinkofthe“ElementsofThought”...Areweinthehabitofaskingquestions?Paras.13–15:Whatstandardsdoyouusetoassessyourthinkingandthethinkingofothers?“Iusethestandardsofclarity,accuracy,precision,relevance,depth,breadth,logicandfairness.”31ppt課件PartIV(Paras.11–15):HowThelasttwoparas.:conclusionOurstudentsshouldlearntothinkcriticallysoastoknowhowtochangetheirthinkinginkeepingwiththechangesoftheworld.32ppt課件Thelasttwoparas.:conclusiWhatiscriticalthinking?Whyisitimportantforus?Whyisitsodifficult?Howcanwecultivateit?33ppt課件Whatiscriticalthinking?8pptWhatis“beingcritical”?CriticcomesfromtheAncientGreek,meaningapersonwhooffersreasonedjudgmentoranalysis,andcriticismistheactivityofjudgmentorinformedinterpretation,whichcanbesynonymouswithanalysis.34ppt課件Whatis“beingcritical”?Criti

'Beingcritical'inacademictermsreferstotwobroadcharacteristicsofaresearcher'swayofthinking.Acriticalresearcherisalwaysquestioning.

askingquestion/expressingdoubts:nothingistakenforgranted.scrutinizingevidence:Wherethereisaclaimmade,clarifytheevidencethatsupports.drawingaconclusion:checkiftheclaimsinquestionarecredible-ornot!35ppt課件'Beingcritical'inacademicAcriticalresearcherisopen-minded,respectfulofothers(evenwhileperhapschallengingtheirwork),andconstructive.Theobjectiveofcriticalresearchistoadvanceknowledge,nottobuildone'sownreputationordamagesomeoneelse's.36ppt課件Acriticalresearcherisopen-So,howdoyouunderstand“beingcritical”inreading?37ppt課件So,howdoyouunderstand“beiWhatdowemeanby‘critical’inreading?readbetweenlinesbeinquisitivejudgecredibilitycommentrationallyreflectononeselfforimprovement38ppt課件Whatdowemeanby‘critical’readbetweenlines:thinkingcarefullyaboutwhatyoureadandwhy:notjustlookingforandreadingtheobvious39ppt課件readbetweenlines:thinkingbeinquisitive:

questioningandtestingwhatyouread,e.g.“dotheauthor’sviewpointsandideasappearjustified?Why-orwhynot?”askinggoodquestionsofothersandofyourselfexploringfurtherwhatisnotadequatelydiscussedinwhatyouread40ppt課件beinquisitive:15ppt課件judgecredibility:

judgingwhatisbelievableandwhatisnotspottingandchallengingpotentialbias,distortedviews,prejudice,andself-interest-intheworkofothers,andinyourownthinkingchallengingideas-whereappropriate,andbasedoncredibleevidence41ppt課件judgecredibility:16ppt課件commentrationally:notjustrepeatingtheideasofothers,butlookingforconnections(ordisparities),andconstructingyourownargumentssupportedbyarangecarefullyconsideredviewpoints42ppt課件commentrationally:notjustrreflectforimprovement:lookingforgaps,andputtingforwardnewordifferentsolutions;adaptingyourplan,yourgoal,yourwayofreadingandlearningbasedonyourdevelopinginsights43ppt課件reflectforimprovement:18ppt課Whatisthe“criticalthinking”‘stairway’?Whatdopeopledowhentheythinkcritically?44ppt課件Whatisthe“criticalthinkingDiscussion(I)Whenyouhaveaproblem,orsimplywhenyouwanttodosth.,orachieveacertaingoal,whatdoyoudotoarriveatthefinaldestination?45ppt課件Discussion(I)WhenyouhaveaDiscussion(II)SherlockHolmesandJohnWatsonhavenevermeteachotherbuttheyaregoingtoshareaflat.Whentheymeetforthefirsttime,theymustwonder:Whoistheguyandwhatishelike?HowdidHolmesgettheanswers?HowdidWatsongettheanswers?46ppt課件Discussion(II)Sherlo