高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-虛擬語(yǔ)氣全總結(jié)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-虛擬語(yǔ)氣全總結(jié)高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-虛擬語(yǔ)氣全總結(jié)V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-虛擬語(yǔ)氣全總結(jié)日期：20xx年X月虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞的過去式（were,did,had）主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形(注意不能是would)主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldputoffthesportsmeeting.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.①錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句:當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.②if省略句在條件句中可以省略if,把were,had,should提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如：IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.如果你來(lái)得早點(diǎn)，你就能趕上公共汽車。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。③用介詞代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用的介詞有with,without,butfor。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars(=ifyouhadamilliondollars)如果你有100萬(wàn)元，你會(huì)做什么Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp,…=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…=Haditnotbeenforyouhelp,…沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。④含蓄條件句有時(shí)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。如：Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.(副詞)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(連詞)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.(定語(yǔ)從句)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.(連詞)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其形式與if從句在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的形式相同。習(xí)題1.Ifmylawyer＿＿＿h(yuǎn)erelastSaturday,he＿＿＿mefromgoing.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedhadbeen,wouldpreventwere,wouldpreventwere,wouldhaveprevented2.Ifit＿＿＿forthesnow,we＿＿＿themountainyesterday.werenot,couldhaveclimbedwerenot,couldclimbhadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedhadnotbeen,couldclimb3.Withoutelectricity(電)humanlife＿＿＿quitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting,ifshe＿＿＿,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken6.Hehesitated(猶豫)foramomentbeforekicking(踢)theball.Otherwisehe＿＿＿agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored7.＿＿＿rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.WouldsheleaveIfsheleavesWereshetoleaveIfshehadleft8.Hadheworkedharder,he＿＿＿theexam.musthavegotthroughwouldhavegotthroughwouldgetthroughcouldgetthrough9.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe＿＿＿then.wouldhavebeenherehadtobehereshouldbeherewouldbehere10.＿＿＿formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.NotbeingHaditnotbeenWithoutbeingNothavingbeen11.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe＿＿＿h(yuǎn)im.wouldhavecalledmusthavetelephonedwouldtelephonehadtelephoned虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)復(fù)習(xí)題＿＿＿youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegivenD.maygive2.＿＿＿foryourlaziness(懶惰),youcouldhavefinishedtheassignment(任務(wù))bynow.A.HaditnotbeenB.ItwerenotC.weren’titD.HadnotitbeenIhadn’tstoodundertheladder(梯子)tocatchyouwhenyoufell,you＿＿＿now.A.wouldn’tbesmilingB.couldn’thavesmiledC.won’tsmileD.didn’tsmileit＿＿＿ProfessorJohnson’srecommendation(推薦),Iwouldn’thavebeenadmittedtothegraduateschool(研究生學(xué)院).A.werenotforB.hadnotbeenforC.werenotD.haditnotbeenwedonotdevelopanewkindofcar,airpollution＿＿＿evenmoredangerous.A.shouldhavebecomeB.willbecomeC.wouldhavebecomeD.musthavebecomeforthestormyweather,we＿＿＿earlier.A.shouldarriveB.shallarriveC.shouldhavearrivedD.shallhavearrivedwe＿＿＿theirterms(條款，條件),wewouldgobankrupt(破產(chǎn)).A.acceptB.shouldacceptC.hadacceptedD.aretoacceptwouldneverhavegonetothehospital＿＿＿thatTomwouldbethere,too.A.hedidnotknowB.ifhadheknownC.hadheknownD.hewouldhaveknownhebeenmorecareful,he＿＿＿thataccident.A.wouldavoidB.wouldhaveavoidedC.avoidedD.shouldavoidthathecametohelpme,I＿＿＿thereearlier.A.couldnotarriveB.couldnothavearrivedC.didnotarriveD.cannotarrivecouldlookmoreattractive(有魅力的，吸引人的)butshe＿＿＿noattentiontoherclothes.A.paysB.waspayingC.paidD.hadpaidI＿＿＿inhisplace,Iwoulddothat,too.A.wasB.wereC.amD.hadbeen虛擬語(yǔ)氣(2)——虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中1.在由suggest,demand,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、愿望等動(dòng)詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語(yǔ)變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律——名詞從句虛擬句無(wú)論其主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)何種形式，從句的謂語(yǔ)形式均為should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中should可以省去。（特別提醒：不是用would,而是用should。）常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:ask要求,advise,beg,suggest建議,command命令,demand要求，request請(qǐng)求,insist,require要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer寧愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide決定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint等等Ourteachersuggestedthatwe(should)notleavetheclassroom.老師建議我們不要離開教室。Heinsistedthatshedoitrightnow.他堅(jiān)持她馬上就做。在Itis/was+上述動(dòng)詞的-ed形式+that從句中ItissuggestedbythedoctorthatIshouldgiveupsmoking.醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句或者同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setouttomorrowmorning.我建議我們明早動(dòng)身。Thesuggestionthatthesportsmeeting(should)putoff2.在Itis/wasnecessary,important等形容詞+that從句中，常見的這類形容詞有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative等Itisnecessarythatyoushouldattendthemeeting.你有必要參加會(huì)議。Itisimperativethatyouarrivethereintime.你必須按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。在Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)+that從句中Itisapitythatyoufailtheexam.Itisnowonderhebelateforclass.練習(xí)題insistthatadoctor＿＿＿immediately.A.hasbeensentforB.sendsforC.willbesentforD.besentformanagerofthehotelrequests(要求)thattheirguests(客人們)＿＿＿after11:00..A.nottoplayloudmusicB.shouldn’tplayloudmusicC.don’tplayloudmusicD.couldn’tplayloudmusic’suncleinsists＿＿＿inthishotel.A.stayingnotB.nottostayC.thathewouldnotstayD.thathenotstaywasessential(重要的)thattheapplicationforms(申請(qǐng)表)＿＿＿backbeforetheheadline(截止日期).A.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresentisnecessary＿＿＿thedictionaryimmediately.A.thathewillreturnB.thathereturnedC.thathereturnD.thathehastoreturnisproposed(建議)thatthematter(事情，事件)＿＿＿discussedatthenextmeeting.A.willbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.beispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagerthatradios＿＿＿after11o’clockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayedC.nottoplayD.didnotplayareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion＿＿＿.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoffdon’tthinkitadvisable(明智的，可取的，適當(dāng)?shù)?thatTom＿＿＿tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassignedisessential(必要的，重要的)thatthebooksyouborrowedfromthelibrary＿＿＿backbeforethedeadline(截止日期).A.besentB.wouldbesentC.weresentD.mustbesentinsistedthathisfather＿＿＿withthem.A.goB.willgoC.willbegoingD.wentworkersdemanded()thattheirwages()＿＿＿by20percent.A.raisedB.raiseC.shouldhavebeenraisedD.beraisedthemeetingeverybodywasagainsthissuggestionthatanewbridge＿＿＿overtheriver.A.bebuiltB.mustbebuiltC.wastobebuiltD.hadtobebuilt虛擬語(yǔ)氣(3)——虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法在wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)IwishIwerealittleyounger.我希望我能夠年輕一點(diǎn)。對(duì)過去的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)(haddone)或“would/could+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”IwishIhadbeenthere.我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)在那里。IwishIhadnotattendedthatparty.我真希望我當(dāng)時(shí)沒參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，從句的謂語(yǔ)用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”Iwishhecouldexplainwhathemeans.在ifonly感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”用法和wish基本相同，只是比wish具有更強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬)但愿雨能停。IfonlyIweretaller.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬)我的個(gè)子要是能高一點(diǎn)就好了。IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!(對(duì)過去的虛擬)要是我聽從了你的建議就好了！在asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，謂語(yǔ)用過去時(shí)Ireallydon’tlikethewayyouarespeakingtome.Itseemsasifyouweremyfather.我真的非常討厭你和我說(shuō)話的方式。你聽起來(lái)就好像是我爸爸。表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用過去完成時(shí)Hekepttellinguswhathadhappenedasifhehadbeentherehimself.他不停地和我們講發(fā)生的事情，好像他當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)一樣。有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，這時(shí)表示較大的真實(shí)性或可能性Itisbecomingdark.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.天變黑了，似乎就要下雨了。ItseemsasifhehadbeentoAmerica.他好像去過美國(guó)。在wouldrather結(jié)構(gòu)中wouldratherdosth.表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿自己做某事”Iwouldrathergotheretomorrow.我想明天去那里。Hewouldrathernotstayathometonight.他今晚不想在家呆著。wouldratherhavedonesth.表示過去的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿自己過去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做”Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她覺得真是不該去參加那個(gè)晚會(huì)。wouldrathersb.Did表示的是將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿讓另外一個(gè)人做某事”Don’tcometomorrow.I’dratheryoucamenextweekend.明天就別來(lái)了，我希望你下周末過來(lái)。wouldrathersb.haddone表示過去的事件，“主語(yǔ)寧愿別人過去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做”Iwouldratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。在Itis(about,high)time+(that)從句中從句中用過去時(shí)，表示早該做而未做的事，并含有建議的意味。Itishightimethatwebegantowork.咱們應(yīng)該開始干活了。練習(xí)題wishI＿＿＿youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretoseeonlyhe＿＿＿quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn’tsuffer(忍受痛苦)somuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldn’tlieIwisheveryfamily＿＿＿alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhadattheterriblesituationIamin!ifonlyI＿＿＿youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefolloweddidn’tgototheparty,buthedoeswishhe＿＿＿there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbewishI＿＿＿longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.havesleptwishesthathe＿＿＿businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A.hadstudiedB.studyC.studiedD.hadbeenstudying’salreadyfiveo’clocknow.Doyouthinkit’sabouttime＿＿＿A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohomeC.wewenthomeD.wecangohome9.“Youareveryselfish（自私）.It‘shightimeyou＿＿＿thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Jimsaidtohisbossangrily.A.realizedB