書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南工商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifyoukeepgettingwrongnumbers,yourphonecouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deficient

B.deceptive

C.defective

D.ineffective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deficient“不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的”，尤指數(shù)量不足；B選項(xiàng)deceptive“欺詐的；迷惑的；虛偽的”；C選項(xiàng)defective“有缺陷的；不完美的”，尤指質(zhì)量不佳；D選項(xiàng)ineffective“失效的，不起作用的，無效的”。句意：如果你總是打錯(cuò)電話，你的電話可能是無效的。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Mr.McDonnell,aRepublicanwhowasonceconsideredapossible（）fortheWhiteHouse,initiallyfacedtheprospectofupto20yearsinprison,butTheA.P.reportedthatJudgeSpencerloweredthatrangetosix-and-a-halftoeightyearsduringthehearing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.container

B.contractor

C.contender

D.convertor

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。container“集裝箱，容器”；contractor“承包人，立契約者”；contender“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者”；convertor“轉(zhuǎn)化器”。句意：麥克唐奈先生是一位共和黨人，他被認(rèn)為可能會(huì)成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Inthemidstofsomanyevasivecomments,thisforthrightstatement,whateveritsintrinsicmerit,plainlystandsoutas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ananomaly

B.aprofundity

C.aparadigm

D.amisnomer

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：在這些閃爍其詞的評(píng)論當(dāng)中，這個(gè)直率的言論，不管它本身的價(jià)值如何，都非常明確的表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)反常的評(píng)論。anomaly異常，反常事物；profundity深刻，深度；paradigm范例；misnomer用詞不當(dāng)，誤稱。句中提到的thisforthrightstatement是眾多言論中的一個(gè)，單獨(dú)針對(duì)這個(gè)直率的言論，且不作任何評(píng)價(jià)，但也說明這個(gè)有與眾不同的地方。故答案為A。

4.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines:theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitand（1）thatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantily-cladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansand（2）aworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.In（3）tothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenit（4）,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.（5）,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesinthe（6）betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishto（7）thatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,the（8）ofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfor（9）otherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswer（0）be,unfortunately,thattherehavebeen（1）attemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofits（12）.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningit,（13）thatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowing（14）shouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowsthe（15）ofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedand（16）,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesa（17）ofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedor（18）inmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniscitherashortstoryoranovel.（19）areonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbe（20）sciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Russum’sUniversalRobots)（21）theonlyonethatiswell-known;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthatsamebasic（22）inmuchthesamewayasprosefiction（23）,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcan（24）aboutprosefiction,ingeneral,appliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,（25）shortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,characters,languageandtheme.And（26）anyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwith（27）man’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedand（28）inexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticular（29）ofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywould（30）foranyotherstoryornovel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expression

B.feature

C.character

D.merit

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.deserts

B.advocates

C.degrades

D.reduces

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.regard

B.contrast

C.relation

D.accordance

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.was

B.is

C.did

D.does

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Instead

B.However

C.Therefore

D.Also

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.bonds

B.communication

C.relation

D.alliance

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.claim

B.swear

C.request

D.confirm

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.dimensions

B.walks

C.aspects

D.roles

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.none

B.some

C.any

D.no

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.should

B.must

C.will

D.can’t

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.few

B.afew

C.little

D.alittle

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.essence

B.characteristics

C.quality

D.value

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.nor

B.so

C.though

D.since

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.procedure

B.argument

C.instruction

D.definition

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.suggestions

B.applications

C.implications

D.descriptions

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.prolonged

B.expanded

C.continued

D.stretched

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.point

B.dot

C.location

D.spot

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.abandoned

B.dismissed

C.initiated

D.ignored

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.Those

B.What

C.There

D.They

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.referred

B.entitled

C.called

D.declared

問題21選項(xiàng)

A.being

B.is

C.are

D.does

問題22選項(xiàng)

A.intentions

B.functions

C.routines

D.occasions

問題23選項(xiàng)

A.inresult

B.incommon

C.ingeneral

D.inmanner

問題24選項(xiàng)

A.besaying

B.besaid

C.tosay

D.say

問題25選項(xiàng)

A.either

B.neither

C.notonly

D.whether

問題26選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.though

C.unlike

D.like

問題27選項(xiàng)

A.interpreting

B.translating

C.exchanging

D.representing

問題28選項(xiàng)

A.recognized

B.presented

C.depicted

D.expressed

問題29選項(xiàng)

A.conflict

B.cooperation

C.collection

D.combination

問題30選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.do

C.be

D.make

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:C

第21題:A

第22題:B

第23題:C

第24題:B

第25題:D

第26題:D

第27題:A

第28題:B

第29題:C

第30題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)expression“表現(xiàn)，表達(dá)；表情”；B選項(xiàng)feature“特色，特征；容貌；特寫”；C選項(xiàng)character“性格，品質(zhì)；特性；角色”；D選項(xiàng)merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)，價(jià)值；功績(jī)；功過”。由空格前trait“特點(diǎn)”可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)desert“遺棄；放棄；逃跑”；B選項(xiàng)advocate“提倡，主張，擁護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)degrade“貶低；使……丟臉；使……降級(jí)；使……降解”；D選項(xiàng)reduce“減少；降低”。由空格前關(guān)鍵字demean“貶低……的身份”可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。incontrastto“與……相反”，由空格后關(guān)鍵句sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex，中文翻譯為：科幻小說很少?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)性，可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題解析】考查語法。由空格前的句子可知此處為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，并且這里為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)語境和句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合后文“thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesin...betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.”，中文大意為：科幻小說的根本興趣在于人與其技術(shù)和人與宇宙之間的……。因此判斷出空格處表示相反的意思，A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bonds“聯(lián)結(jié)，連接，聯(lián)系”；B選項(xiàng)communication“通訊；通信；交流”；C選項(xiàng)relation“關(guān)系；敘述；親屬關(guān)系”；D選項(xiàng)alliance“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合；聯(lián)姻”。聯(lián)系下文“betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.”，句意：人與其技術(shù)和人與宇宙之間的……根據(jù)語境和句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)claim“聲稱；需要”；B選項(xiàng)swear“發(fā)誓；咒罵”；C選項(xiàng)request“請(qǐng)求”；D選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)；確定”。由下文“thatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenre”，中文翻譯為：科幻小說是一個(gè)主要的文學(xué)形式，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dimension“范圍；尺寸，長(zhǎng)度；深度”；B選項(xiàng)walk“步行；行業(yè)；人行道”；C選項(xiàng)aspect“方面；方向；形勢(shì)；外貌”；D選項(xiàng)role“角色；任務(wù)”。根據(jù)上下文可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)none“沒有人；一個(gè)也沒有；沒有任何東西”；B選項(xiàng)some“一些；若干；其中的一部分；（數(shù)量不確切時(shí)用）有些人”；C選項(xiàng)any“任何；任何一個(gè)；若干”；D選項(xiàng)no“沒有；不”。根據(jù)上文makeitwellworthreadingandstudying，中文翻譯為：讓它值得被閱讀和研究。for在本句話中翻譯為“因?yàn)椤保Y(jié)合上下文意思，D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文可知該空格處應(yīng)表示有把握的一種推測(cè)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文，空格處應(yīng)表示“幾乎不”，此處大意應(yīng)為：幾乎沒有人試圖對(duì)這個(gè)問題作過詳盡或認(rèn)真的考慮。結(jié)合句意A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)essence“本質(zhì)，實(shí)質(zhì)；精華”；B選項(xiàng)characteristics“特性，特征；特色”；C選項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)；特性”；D選項(xiàng)value“價(jià)值；價(jià)格”。B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。聯(lián)系下文“variousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified”，中文翻譯為“它全體的各個(gè)方面不能被澄清”可知此處表示否定，A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)procedure“程序，手續(xù)；步驟”；B選項(xiàng)argument“論證；論據(jù)；爭(zhēng)吵”；C選項(xiàng)instruction“指令；教導(dǎo)；用法說明”；D選項(xiàng)definition“定義；清晰度”。根據(jù)句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)suggestion“建議；示意”；B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；敷用”；C選項(xiàng)implication“含義；暗示；可能的結(jié)果，影響”；D選項(xiàng)description“描述，描寫”。聯(lián)系上下文可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)prolong“延長(zhǎng)；拖延”；B選項(xiàng)expand“擴(kuò)展；使膨脹；詳述”；C選項(xiàng)continue“延續(xù)”；D選項(xiàng)stretch“伸展，張開；使竭盡所能”。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。apointofdeparture“出發(fā)點(diǎn)”。A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)abandon“放棄”；B選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散；解雇”；C選項(xiàng)initiate“開始；發(fā)起”；D選項(xiàng)ignore“忽視；不理睬”。結(jié)合上下文及空格之前的內(nèi)容，可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.【試題解析】考查語法。therebe表示某處存在某人或某物。此處大意為：只有一些戲劇作品……因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.【試題解析】考查詞義，A選項(xiàng)refer“涉及；委托；歸諸于；使……求助于”；B選項(xiàng)entitle“給……稱號(hào)；使……有權(quán)利”；C選項(xiàng)call“稱呼；召集；稱為”；D選項(xiàng)declare“忽視；不理睬”。結(jié)合上下文語義，可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.【試題解析】考查語法。With引導(dǎo)伴隨狀語，后面的系動(dòng)詞be要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)intention“意圖；目的；意向；愈合”；B選項(xiàng)function“功能；職責(zé)”；C選項(xiàng)routine“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D選項(xiàng)occasion“時(shí)機(jī)；場(chǎng)合”。結(jié)合上下文可知B選項(xiàng)正確，意為“為同樣的功能服務(wù)”。

23.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處后文“thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.”中文翻譯為：也就是說，它與其他小說和短篇故事有很多相同之處。結(jié)合上下文，可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

24.【試題解析】考查語法。此處為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，can為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面所接動(dòng)詞用原型。故選B。

25.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。由上下文可知此處應(yīng)該表示“無論”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

26.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。由上下文可知此處應(yīng)該表示“如同”，故D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.【試題解析】考查詞義。下文“man’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.”中文翻譯為：人類的本性和人類與自己周圍世界相關(guān)的經(jīng)歷。A選項(xiàng)interpret“解釋；說明；闡明”；B選項(xiàng)translate“翻譯；轉(zhuǎn)化”；C選項(xiàng)exchange“交換；交易；兌換”；D選項(xiàng)represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語境及句意，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

28.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)recognize“認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)present“提出；介紹；呈現(xiàn)；贈(zèng)送”；C選項(xiàng)depict“描述；描畫”；D選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)；快遞”。聯(lián)系上下文可知此處表達(dá)的為“呈現(xiàn)”，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

29.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項(xiàng)conflict“沖突，矛盾；斗爭(zhēng)；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)”；B選項(xiàng)cooperation“合作，協(xié)作”；C選項(xiàng)collection“采集，聚集；［稅收］征收；收藏品；募捐”；D選項(xiàng)combination“結(jié)合；組合；聯(lián)合”。聯(lián)系下文“ofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.”中文翻譯為：敘述者、故事、情節(jié)、人物、場(chǎng)景和語言的……判斷出D選項(xiàng)正確。

30.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文可知此處應(yīng)填寫系動(dòng)詞，故C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

I（

）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.assure

C.confirm

D.insist

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“確保，保證”，指確保某事會(huì)發(fā)生，賓語一般接物，而不是人；B選項(xiàng)assure“使確信，向……保證”，其后賓語一搬接人；C選項(xiàng)confirm“（尤指提供證據(jù)來）證實(shí)，證明，確認(rèn)”；D選項(xiàng)insist“堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持”。由賓語you可知選B。句意：我向你保證，這批貨將于下周交貨。

6.單選題

Throughoutthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mostlivedonfarmsandinsmalltownsandbelievedcitiestobecentersofcorruption,crime,poverty,andmoraldegradation.Theirdistrustwascaused,inpart,byanationalideologytheyproclaimedfanningthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.Thisattitudeprevailedevenasthenumberofurbandwellersincreasedandcitiesbecameanessentialfeatureofthenationallandscape.Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.Butwhenthesepeoplemigratedfromthecountryside,theycarriedtheirfearsandsuspiciouswiththem.Thesenewurbanities,alreadyconvincedthatcitieswereoverwhelmedwithgreatproblems,eagerlyembracetheprogressivereformsthatpromisedtobringorderoutofthechaosofthecity.

Oneofmanyreformscameintheareaofpublicutilities.Waterandseweragesystemswereusuallyoperatedbymunicipalgovernments,butthegasandelectricnetworkswereprivatelyowned.Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.Somecityandstategovernmentsrespondedbyregulatingtheutilitycompanies,butanumberofcitiesbegantosupplytheseservicesthemselves.Proponentsofthesereformsarguedthatpublicownershipandregulationwouldinsurewidespreadaccesstotheseutilitiesandguaranteeafairprice.

Whilesomereformsfocusedongovernmentandpublicbehavior,otherslookedatthecitiesasawhole.Civicleaders,convincedthatphysicalenvironmentinfluencedhumanbehavior,arguedthatcitiesshoulddevelopmasterplanstoguidetheirfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.Urbanrenewalinthetwentiethcenturyfollowedseveralcourses.Somecitesintroducedplanstocompletelyrebuildthecitycore.Mostothercitiescontentedthemselveswithzoningplansforregulatingfuturegrowth.Certainpartsoftownwererestrictedtoresidentialuse,whileothersweresetaideforindustrialorcommercialdevelopment.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhatmostpeoplewholivedinruralareas（）

3.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,manyruraldwellersmigratedtothecityinorderto（）

4.Whatconcerndidreformershaveaboutprivatelyownedutilitycompanies?

5.AllofthefollowingwerethedirectresultofpublicutilityreformsEXCEPT（）

6.Whydoestheauthormention"industrialization"inParagraph3?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Acomparisonofurbanandrurallifeintheearlytwentiethcentury.

B.Theroleofgovernmentintwentiethcenturyurbanrenewal.

C.Effortstoimproveurbanlifeintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Methodsofcontrollingurbangrowthinthetwentiethcentury.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.weresuspiciousoftheirneighbors

B.wereveryproudoftheirlifestyle

C.believedcitygovernmenthadtoomuchpower

D.wantedtomovetothecities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.participateintheurbanreformmovement

B.seekfinancialsecurity

C.complywithagovernmentordinance

D.avoidcrimeandcorruption

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfearedtheserviceswouldnotbemadeavailabletoallcitydwellers.

B.Theybelievedprivateownershipwouldsloweconomicgrowth.

C.Theydidnottrustthecompaniestoobeythegovernmentregulations.

D.Theywantedtoensurethattheserviceswouldbeprovidedtoruralareas.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.localgovernmentsdeterminedtherateschargedbyprivateutilitycompanies

B.someutilitycompanieswereownedandoperatedbylocalgovernments

C.theavailabilityofserviceswasregulatedbylocalgovernment

D.privateutilitycompanieswererequiredtopayafeetolocalgovernments

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Toexplainhowfasturbangrowthledtopoorlydesignedcities.

B.Toemphasizetheeconomicimportanceofurbanareas.

C.Tosuggestthatlabordisputeshadbecomeanurbanproblem.

D.Toillustratetheneedforconstructionofnewfactories.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨題。文章第一段主要講述了美國(guó)人民對(duì)城市生活的看法，第二、三段主要講述城市改革。結(jié)合全文，選項(xiàng)C更能概括全文主題。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句“theyproclaimedfanningthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.”他們宣稱，這種意識(shí)形態(tài)宣揚(yáng)的是最偉大的職業(yè)和農(nóng)村生活優(yōu)于城市生活。由此可以推斷居住在鄉(xiāng)下的人認(rèn)為農(nóng)村生活好，這就是一種"自豪感"。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的五、六句“Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.”經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)戰(zhàn)勝了理想，為了獲得穩(wěn)定并且薪水高的工作，人們返回都市。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.”改革者擔(dān)心私營(yíng)的公用事業(yè)公司會(huì)對(duì)這些基本服務(wù)收取過高的費(fèi)用，并且只向有能力承擔(dān)的人提供這些服務(wù)。也就是說并非所有城市居民都能享受這些服務(wù)，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Proponents...guaranteeafairprice.”可知選項(xiàng)A和C正確；根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Waterandsewerage...wereprivatelyowned.”可知選項(xiàng)B正確；選項(xiàng)D私營(yíng)公用事業(yè)公司被要求向地方政府支付費(fèi)用曲解了原文“Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.”的意思。

第6題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到第三段的第三句“Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.”城市規(guī)劃并不是什么新鮮事，但是19世紀(jì)晚期的快速工業(yè)化和城市發(fā)展卻沒有考慮到秩序，也就是說對(duì)于發(fā)展的布局沒有很好的構(gòu)思和設(shè)計(jì)，這個(gè)就是提到industrialization的目的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.單選題

Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fellthrough

B.felloff

C.fellout

D.fellbehind

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”；B選項(xiàng)felloff“跌落；下降；脫落；減少”；C選項(xiàng)fellout“掉落；爭(zhēng)吵”；D選項(xiàng)fellbehind“落后于，落伍”。句意：維姬最近很傷心，因?yàn)樗洗髮W(xué)的計(jì)劃在最后一刻______。根據(jù)語境，這里上大學(xué)的計(jì)劃不能實(shí)施，A選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空；失敗”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Mypain（

）apparenttheminuteIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mustbe

B.hadbeen

C.musthavebeen

D.hadtobe

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。musthavedone表示對(duì)過去肯定的假設(shè)。句意：我的疼痛一定很明顯，因?yàn)楫?dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，我見到的第一個(gè)人問道“你還好吧？”。由for…可推斷我的疼痛比較明顯。故C項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents’wishes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。alterto表示“更改，改變”；A項(xiàng)enhance“增強(qiáng)”，B項(xiàng)revise“修正，校訂”，C項(xiàng)alternate“交替的，輪流的”，D項(xiàng)modify“修改，修飾”。句意：人們擔(dān)心嬰兒的基因會(huì)被改變以滿足父母的愿望。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcompositionpublication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe'veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeopledrawnbytheauthoris（

）.

2.Theauthor'sbiggestconcernis

（

）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis

（

）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofproseorpoemis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fairlyright

B.ratherbleak

C.veryimpressive

D.quiteencouraging

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

C.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我?guī)缀鯖]有必要引證所有令人沮喪的人們的識(shí)字狀況）可知B選項(xiàng)“相當(dāng)凄涼”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天擔(dān)心的與其說是基本識(shí)字這個(gè)壓倒性的問題，不如說是一個(gè)更為奢侈的問題，即美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階層讀者閱讀技能的衰退，他們不愿意在安靜的地方，犧牲難得在家的時(shí)間，集中注意力用以讀書，而這些與經(jīng)典閱讀行為息息相關(guān)）可知D選項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的閱讀能力與閱讀行為”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人認(rèn)為，近80%的受過良好教育的青少年，在沒有背景音樂和閃爍的電視屏幕的陪伴下就無法閱讀）和thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而在這種邊閱讀邊在背景的干擾下進(jìn)行理解的新方法使人們不可能對(duì)所閱讀的東西全神貫注地加以理解）可知C選項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)狈ψ⒁饬突纠斫饬Α狈项}意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用說人們對(duì)他們真正喜歡的詩歌或散文給予的最高評(píng)價(jià)了，那就是把它記在心里）可知A選項(xiàng)“能夠欣賞它并記住它”符合題意。

11.單選題

Pleasedropinwheneveryoucan.I’dliketokeep______touch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.to

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有空請(qǐng)隨時(shí)來坐坐。我想保持聯(lián)系。keepintouch是固定搭配，意為“保持聯(lián)系”。其他三項(xiàng)不能進(jìn)行搭配。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Itooksomeoneelse’sbook（）mistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.for

C.with

D.by

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。bymistake為固定短語,意為“錯(cuò)誤地,由于差錯(cuò)”。句意:由于差錯(cuò),我拿了別人的書。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

13.單選題

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義題。題干：根據(jù)本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreduced