書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithfivequestions.Afteryouhavereadthepassage,answereachquestioninEnglish.WritedownyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

TheBritishMuseuminLondonisprobablytheclassicexampleofaninstitutionwhichistoorichbymorethanhalf.There,nodoubt,becausetheyhavesomuch,theyareunabletoassessexactlywhattheyhaveandwhatproportiontheyareabletoshow.

OnemeasureofhowimportantarethetreasurestheyhavewasgiveninParliamentlastmonthwhenJennieLee,theArtsMinistersaid,“Themuseumauthoritiesconsiderthatthetotalcostofdisplayingeverythinginthemuseummightbemorethan$50,00000.”

TheFitzwilliamhasoneofthebestcollectionsofcoinsintheworld,butlackofspacemeansthatlessthanonepercentofthecollectioncanbeshown.Paintingsanddrawingsarerotated,partlytogivethepublicachancetoseethemall,partlytoavoidtoomuchexposuretolight.Butevenunderthispolicysomepaintersstilldon’tgetshown.Mr.DavidPiper,thedirector,saidthatsomeimpressionistpaintingsbyBoudinwerenotonshowandthatmostofthebigpotterycollectionhadtobekeptinareservegallerytowhichmembersofthepublicareadmittediftheyareparticularlyinterested.

ItisadifferentstoryatBradford’sCityArtGallery.Theretheycanshowalltheworksofarttheyhave,andwouldbegladtoshowmoreandfinerworksiftheywereavailable.

TheArtsCouncilownsoneofthefinestcollectionsofmodernBritishpaintingsandsculptureinexistence,andisfortunateinthatitdoesnothaveapermanentsiteforitsworks.Thecollectionissplitintoaseriesoftravelingexhibitionswhichareputonshowatartgalleries,museums,collegesandevenlibrariesthroughoutthecountry,givingtaxpayersachancetoseewhattheyhavebrought.

1.Howmanymuseumsarementionedinthisarticle?

2.“Paintingsanddrawingsarerotated.”Whatdoesthesentencemean?

3.IntheFitzwilliammuseum,onecanneverseethoseobjectsthatarekepthidden,canhe?

4.WhydoesthewritersaythattheArtsCouncilisfortunate?

5.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

【答案】1.Two.

2.Paintingsanddrawingsareexhibitedinturn.

3.Yes,ifinterested,onecanenterthereservegallerytoseethoseobjectsthatarekepthidden.

4.Becauseitdoesnothaveapermanentsiteforitsworks.

5.Museumsaretoorichtoshowallcollections,butArtGalleryisgladtoshowallfinerworks.

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Howmanymuseumsarementionedinthisarticle?1.這篇文章提到了多少家博物館？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段首句“位于倫敦的大英博物館可能是一個(gè)典型的機(jī)構(gòu)過于富裕的例子”和第三段首句“菲茨威廉博物館是世界上收藏錢幣最好的博物館之一”可知，原文提到的博物館只有大英博物館和菲茨威廉博物館，所以答案是two。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.“Paintingsanddrawingsarerotated.”Whatdoesthesentencemean?2.“Paintingsanddrawingsarerotated.”這句話的意思是什么？

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句“油畫和素描被旋轉(zhuǎn)，部分是為了讓公眾有機(jī)會看到全部，部分是為了避免過度暴露在光線下”可知，油畫和素描被旋轉(zhuǎn)，一是為了讓公眾有機(jī)會看到所有的展品，二是為了避免展品過度暴露在光線下，那么可以推斷Paintingsanddrawingsarerotated的意思是“油畫和素描輪流被展出”。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.IntheFitzwilliammuseum,onecanneverseethoseobjectsthatarekepthidden,canhe?3.在菲茨威廉博物館里，人們永遠(yuǎn)也看不到那些被藏起來的東西，不是嗎？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】第三段最后一句提到“博物館館長DavidPiper說，布丹的一些印象派畫作沒有展出，大部分大型陶器藏品都被存放在一個(gè)儲備畫廊，如果公眾特別感興趣，可以進(jìn)入該畫廊”，從中可知，對于被藏起來的物品，人們可以進(jìn)入畫廊觀看。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhydoesthewritersaythattheArtsCouncilisfortunate?4.為什么作者說藝術(shù)委員會是幸運(yùn)的？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】最后一段第一句指出“藝術(shù)委員會擁有現(xiàn)存最好的現(xiàn)代英國繪畫和雕塑藏品，幸運(yùn)的是，它沒有一個(gè)永久的地點(diǎn)存放其作品”，可知作者說藝術(shù)委員會是幸運(yùn)的是因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)委員會沒有一個(gè)永久的地點(diǎn)存放其作品。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?5.這篇文章的主旨是什么？

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文，文章前三段講的是兩大博物館由于藏品太多而無法把所有藏品展覽出來，倒數(shù)第二段第一句提到“布拉德福德的城市藝術(shù)畫廊則是另一番景象”，可知后面兩段描述了另外一種場景，城市藝術(shù)畫廊和藝術(shù)委員會可以展示所有的藝術(shù)作品，綜合理解可知，這篇文章的主旨是博物館藏品過于豐富而不能展出全部藏品，而藝術(shù)畫廊很樂意展出他們所有的藝術(shù)作品。

2.單選題

Itisregrettablethatstudentsdonot（

）theirstudentloansandtherebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reimburse

B.refurbish

C.relinquish

D.recount

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。reimburse償還，歸還；refurbish再磨光，刷新；relinquish放棄，棄絕；recount詳述，重新計(jì)算。句意：令人遺憾的是，學(xué)生沒有償還他們的助學(xué)貸款，以致于后來的學(xué)生在助學(xué)貸款的申請上面臨更大的問題。根據(jù)therebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.可知A項(xiàng)最符合題意。

3.單選題

Thepresident'senemiesarespreadingillrumorsto（

）hisauthority.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assert

B.forge

C.undermine

D.remain

【答案】C

【解析】assert維護(hù)，主張，聲稱；forge偽造，鍛造；undermine破壞，削弱；remain保持，留下。句意：總統(tǒng)的敵人正在散布謠言去破壞他的權(quán)威。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Sincetheauthor’sunflatteringreferencestoherfriendswereso________,shewassurprisedthather______wererecognized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laudatory...styles

B.obvious...anecdotes

C.oblique...allusions

D.critical...eulogies

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。laudatory“贊美的”；obvious“明顯的”；oblique“不光明正大的”；critical“批判的”。style“風(fēng)格”；anecdote“軼事，奇聞”；allusion“暗示，提及”；eulogy“悼詞，頌詞”。句意：作者間接地指出了她的朋友們的不當(dāng)之處，但是使她驚訝的是，這種暗示得到了大家的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Inthe7thcenturyBC,alawgivernamedDracodrewupaveryharshcodethatpunishedoffenses,nomatterhowtrivial,withdeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rough

B.minor

C.illegal

D.hidden

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。trivial表示“不重要的，瑣碎的，瑣細(xì)的”；A項(xiàng)rough“粗糙的，粗略的，粗野的”，B項(xiàng)minor“輕微的，次要的，較小的”，C項(xiàng)illegal“非法的，違法的，違反規(guī)則的”，D項(xiàng)hidden“隱藏的”。句意：公元前7世紀(jì)，一位名叫德拉古的立法者起草了一項(xiàng)非常嚴(yán)厲的法典，以死刑懲罰無論多么微不足道的犯罪行為。根據(jù)句意可知trivial在句中表示“微不足道的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

In1959JacouesCousteausoundedthealarm:theMediterraneanwasdying.DivingoffFrance’ssoutherncoast,Cousteaufoundamarinedesertthatafewyearsearlierhadteemedwithfishandplants.Heblamedpoisonsfromthelargeurbanandindustrialcomplexesbuiltnearthesea.Cousteaucrystallizedgrowingpublicconcernoverpollutionoftheworld’sseasandoceans.Bythe1960s,oilspills,chemicalsandsewagewereturningareasoftheBalticintotoxiccesspools,heavymetalsandDDThadaccumulatedinfishandshellfishfromtheAtlantictotheChinaSea,causingcarnageamongbirdsthatatethemandpoisoningpeople.

Booksaretomankindwhatmemoryistoindividual.Theycontainthehistoryofourrace,thediscoverieswehavemade,theaccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceofages；theypictureforusthemarvelsandbeautiesofnature,helpusinourdifficulties,comfortusinsorrowandinsuffering,changehoursofwearinessintomomentsofdelight,storeourmindswithideas,fillthemwithgoodandhappythoughts,andliftusoutofandaboveourselves.

【答案】1959年，雅克?庫斯都敲響了警鐘，地中海正在死亡。庫斯都在法國南部海岸潛水時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)海洋沙漠，然而在幾年前這里盛產(chǎn)魚和海洋植物。他認(rèn)為造成此現(xiàn)象的原因是海邊建立的大型城市和工業(yè)中心排放的有毒物質(zhì)。庫斯都讓人們對海洋污染問題的關(guān)注越來越具體化了。到了20世紀(jì)60年代，泄漏的石油、化學(xué)物質(zhì)和污水將波羅的海地區(qū)變成了有毒的污水坑。從大西洋到中國海域，魚類貝類體內(nèi)積累了大量的重金屬和殺蟲劑，重金屬和殺蟲劑在魚類和貝類體內(nèi)沉積，食用了它們的鳥類大量滅絕，并且也會使人們中毒。

書籍對于人類的作用就相當(dāng)于記憶對于個(gè)人的作用。書籍承載了我們種族的歷史、時(shí)代的一些探索發(fā)現(xiàn)以及日益積累的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。書籍為我們描繪了大自然的美麗，幫助我們擺脫困境，在我們悲傷和痛苦時(shí)安慰我們，使疲倦的時(shí)光變得歡樂，使我們的大腦充滿各種思想和觀念，充之以美好快樂的想法，并且不停地超越提升自我。

7.單選題

Thefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,wereprimitive（）animals,andthenaround500millionyearsagotheseseaanimalsdevelopedshells.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.versatile

B.marine

C.predatory

D.feasible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的”；marine“海生的，海產(chǎn)的”；predatory“掠奪的，掠奪成性的”；feasible“可行的”。句意：地球上第一類動物是海洋類生物，5億年前這些海洋生物逐漸長出了外殼。由后半句的“shells”可推知第一批動物是海生動物，沒有外殼；而且只有B項(xiàng)能修飾動物。

8.單選題

Japan,whosepopulationisagingfasterthanthatofanyothernations,mayprovidealaboratoryforthechallengesthatdevelopedsocietieswillincreasinglyface.Suchchallenges（51）risingpensionandmedicalcostsandgreaterstress（52）ashrinkingnumberoffamilycaretakers,（53）toarecentstudypublishedbythePopulationReferenceBureau.Inc,inWashington,D.C.

TheproportionoftheJapanesepopulation（54）65andoverisexpectedto（55）thandoublebetween1985and2025,（56）from10%ofthetotalpopulationto23%,（57）todecreasingbirthanddeathrates.（58）,Japan’selderlyhavebeenconsidered“honorableelders”who（59）aspecialplaceinthehome,accordingtoLindaG.Martin,authorof（60）NationalAcademyofSciences’CommitteeonPopulation.（61）theproportionofelderlylivingwiththeirchildren（62）from77%in1970to65%in1985.

Increased（63）ofmiddle-agedwomen,thetraditionalcaretakers（64）theelderly,meansthata（65）proportionofelderlyJapanesecan（66）uponcarebyfamilymembers.Theproportionofmarried（67）ofchildbearingageplanningtodependontheir（68）forsupportinold（69）decreasedfrom55%in1950to18%in1988.（70）wheresuchcareisprovided,thereissomeevidenceofconsiderablefamilystressandpoorqualityofcare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insert

B.include

C.enclose

D.hide

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.on

D.into

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.according

B.due

C.previous

D.thanks

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.age

B.aging

C.aged

D.ages

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.rather

C.other

D.nomore

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.rising

B.standing

C.lowering

D.enduring

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.due

B.expected

C.fitting

D.suitable

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Commonly

B.Publicly

C.Traditionally

D.Normally

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.earn

B.deserve

C.draw

D.derive

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.a

B.the

C.one

D.some

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Besides

B.And

C.So

D.But

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.omitted

B.dropped

C.failed

D.crashed

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.assignment

B.responsibility

C.employment

D.business

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.toward

D.of

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.small

B.little

C.smaller

D.less

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.go

B.hang

C.hold

D.rely

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.wives

B.partners

C.women

D.ladies

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.babies

B.children

C.adults

D.parents

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.age

B.ages

C.lifetime

D.period

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.Even

B.Still

C.Truly

D.Yet

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】51.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insert“插入”；B選項(xiàng)include“包括”；C選項(xiàng)enclose“圍住，隨函附上”；D選項(xiàng)hide“隱瞞；躲藏”。在本句中Suchchallenges這類挑戰(zhàn)與養(yǎng)老金和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的上升是一種涵蓋的關(guān)系，故選B。

52.考查固定搭配。句意：這些挑戰(zhàn)包括不斷上漲的養(yǎng)老金和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用以及更大的壓力落在了越來越少的家庭看護(hù)人身上。A選項(xiàng)to“去；到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)方向；B選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”；C選項(xiàng)on“在……之上”；D選項(xiàng)into“從外向內(nèi)進(jìn)入”。前面的關(guān)鍵詞stress常與介詞on搭配。例如：putstressonsb“給某人施加壓力”，C選項(xiàng)符合句意和搭配，故選C。

53.考查固定搭配?？崭袂敖o了我們一個(gè)結(jié)論，后面是發(fā)布研究結(jié)果的機(jī)構(gòu)，根據(jù)介詞to和arecentstudy最新研究，accordingto固定搭配“根據(jù)……”，根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，故選A。

54.考查固定搭配?？崭窈竺娴?5我們可以根據(jù)前段的population理解為年齡為65歲的人，單由數(shù)字無法進(jìn)行斷定，故使用過去分詞進(jìn)行詮釋，表示已經(jīng)65歲的人，AD選項(xiàng)不能使用在數(shù)字前，而B選項(xiàng)有其固定搭配agingfrom…to“年齡從幾歲到幾歲”，故選C。

55.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)morethan“超過”；B選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是……”；C選項(xiàng)otherthan“除了……外”；D選項(xiàng)nomorethan“至多，只不過”，后面的double兩倍，比例從10%到23%是在增加的，故選A。

56.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rise“上升”；B選項(xiàng)stand“站立；忍受”；C選項(xiàng)lower“降低”；D選項(xiàng)endure“忍受”，從后面的數(shù)據(jù)10%-23%我們可知這個(gè)幅度是在上升的，故選A。

57.考查句子間的關(guān)系。由前一句可知日本的老齡化越來越嚴(yán)重了，空格后decreasingbirthanddeathrate“減少的出生率與死亡率”，人口老齡化和出生率和死亡率的降低存在因果關(guān)系，故選A，dueto固定搭配，意為“由于，因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

58.考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)commonly“通常地”；B選項(xiàng)publicly“公然地”；C選項(xiàng)traditionally“傳統(tǒng)上地”；D選項(xiàng)normally“通常地”。AD選項(xiàng)同義故可排除，后半句Japan’selderlyhavebeenconsidered“honorableelders”日本老年人被認(rèn)為是尊敬的長者。尊老愛幼是傳統(tǒng)美德，我們也可以從時(shí)態(tài)判斷havedone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過去對現(xiàn)在的影響，綜合考慮C選項(xiàng)更符合句意。故選C。

59.考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)earn“賺得，贏得”；B選項(xiàng)“值得”；C選項(xiàng)draw“畫，移動”；D選項(xiàng)“起源于，來自”。由空格后面的名詞詞組aspecialplace一個(gè)特殊的地位，結(jié)合前半句進(jìn)行理解，傳統(tǒng)意義上，日本的老人一直被認(rèn)為是尊敬的長者從而在家庭中……一個(gè)特殊地位。這個(gè)特殊地位并非是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)，是歷史以來沿襲從而獲得的，故選A。

60.考查冠詞的用法?？崭窈蠼拥氖且粋€(gè)專有名詞，需使用定冠詞the，表示特指，故選B。

61.考查邏輯關(guān)系。前面說到日本的老年人在家庭中有一個(gè)特殊的地位。后面卻說到老年人與子女一起生活的比例從1970年的77％下降到了1985年的65％。與邏輯不符合，需要用But進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折承接，同理可排除ABC選項(xiàng)，故選D。

62.考查動詞辨析。由空格后的數(shù)據(jù)77%-65%可知這個(gè)比例是在下降的。A選項(xiàng)omit“省略，刪掉”；B選項(xiàng)drop“落下，降低”；C選項(xiàng)fail“失敗，不夠”；D選項(xiàng)crash“碰撞，暴跌”。其中D選項(xiàng)的暴跌多運(yùn)用于股市中。故選B。

63.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assignment“作業(yè)，任務(wù)，分配”；B選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，義務(wù)”；C選項(xiàng)employment“雇用，就業(yè)”；D選項(xiàng)business“業(yè)務(wù)，商業(yè)”。承接上一段老年人與子女一起生活的比例在不斷降低，下一段進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行解釋。increased增加的，之所以會減少與子女在一起生活的比例主要與中年女性增加的就業(yè)率有關(guān)。C選項(xiàng)符合題意邏輯，故選C。

64.考查介詞辨析。本句主語是middle-agedwomen“中年女性”，下一句thetraditionalcaretakers“傳統(tǒng)的看護(hù)者”是主語的同位語，中年女性和后面的老年人屬于一種照顧與被照顧的關(guān)系，對于家里的老人有贍養(yǎng)的義務(wù)。A選項(xiàng)to“給；去”；B選項(xiàng)for“對于；為了”；C選項(xiàng)toward“朝向”，方向介詞；D選項(xiàng)of“屬于……的”，常表示所屬關(guān)系，故選B。

65.考查語義邏輯。上一段內(nèi)容就已經(jīng)提到了與子女一起生活的比例本就減少了，本段開頭提及中年女性的就業(yè)率的增加，那么能夠在家照看老人的就更少了，本句含有遞進(jìn)與比較，由此可以推理出能夠與子女一起居住的比例還會更少。需要用比較級。只有CD選項(xiàng)符合要求，而D選項(xiàng)less只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，主語為elderlyJapanese為復(fù)數(shù)形式，同樣的，也考查到了固定搭配asmallproportionof……“一小部分”，句中含有比較所以需要使用small的比較級smaller，故選C。

66.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)go“走；去”；B選項(xiàng)hang“懸掛：絞死”；C選項(xiàng)hold“拿著；保持”；D選項(xiàng)rely“依靠，依賴”。年長的人需要依靠家庭成員的照顧，故選D。

67.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)wives“妻子”；B選項(xiàng)partners“配偶；同伴；合伙人”；C選項(xiàng)women“女人”；D選項(xiàng)ladies“女士”。前文一直在談?wù)撝心昱耍崭袂暗男揎椩~married“已婚的”，已婚的女人意思可以更加廣泛，可以涵蓋所有對女人的頭銜，故選C。

68.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)babies“寶寶；嬰兒”；B選項(xiàng)children“孩子”；C選項(xiàng)adults“成年人”；D選項(xiàng)“父母”。根據(jù)句意，已婚的女人打算老了之后依靠她們的孩子（養(yǎng)老）。故選B。

69.考查固定搭配。句意：“已婚婦女打算在她們垂暮之年依靠自己的孩子養(yǎng)老。”inoldage為固定搭配“垂暮之年；老年”，故選A。

70.考查邏輯關(guān)系?；仡櫱耙痪淠軌蛏⒆拥囊鸦閶D女的比例從1950的55%減少到了1988年的18%。能夠依靠子女養(yǎng)老的老人數(shù)量越來越少。根據(jù)后半句“thereissomeevidenceofconsiderablefamilystressandpoorqualityofcare.有證據(jù)表明，會有相當(dāng)大的家庭壓力和較差的護(hù)理質(zhì)量。”后半句語氣是肯定的，也是在闡述一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以前半句應(yīng)從實(shí)際出發(fā)，故選C。

9.單選題

Militaryordersare（

）andcannotbedisobeyed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defective

B.submissive

C.alternative

D.imperative

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。defective意為“有缺陷的，不完美的”；submissive意為“順從的”；alternative意為“替代的”；imperative意為“必要的，不可避免的”。

句意：軍事命令是絕對服從的，不能違抗。

10.單選題

TeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.

Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,FlA.dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.

“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.

Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.

Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAInC.paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.

LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.

LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.

AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.

Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1,50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized"content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.

Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.

SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,FlA.leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.

Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.

MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks―payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone’semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.

AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.

Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInC.forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.

KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,LA.discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.

Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.

Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.

“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”

1.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

2.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere（）.

3.Whyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?

4.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?

5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto（）.

6.WhatdoesTurkerNationdo?

7.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?

8.Whatisprobablythetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.

B.Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.

C.AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.

D.Peopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreely

B.professionalsandadvisershelpothersforfree

C.peoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpert

D.clientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.

B.BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.

C.BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.

D.BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.$3to$3.5.

B.$10.

C.$6.5to$7.

D.$5.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph

B.serveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed

C.helpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase

D.findsomeone’semailaddress

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

B.Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.

C.Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.

D.Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.

B.Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

C.TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.

D.Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.ExpertsonLine

B.SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCash

C.SuccessinRecessionTime

D.PromisingOnlineEconomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講的是各領(lǐng)域的收費(fèi)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站興起，使得越來越多的專業(yè)人士通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)賺錢。故B項(xiàng)“越來越多的人利用他們的專業(yè)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上賺錢”比較符合文章大意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出：Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.（埃斯特斯申請成為LivePersonInc.的一名“專家”，這是一家客戶付費(fèi)與各領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)人士和顧問在線聊天的網(wǎng)站）。因此D項(xiàng)“客戶為與專業(yè)人士的在線交流時(shí)間而付費(fèi)”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出：Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.（隨著人們不斷轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)找工作，鍵盤勞動力網(wǎng)站越來越受歡迎）。因此B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楦嗟娜嗽诰W(wǎng)上找工作”正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第七段指出：Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%（網(wǎng)站收取30%到35%的傭金）。由此可算出，如果客戶支付10美元，網(wǎng)站抽取傭金3—3.5美元，專家將獲得6.5—7美元，故選C。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第十五段指出：Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.（亞馬遜土耳其機(jī)器人的副總裁SharonChiarella說：這個(gè)網(wǎng)站——為一個(gè)18世紀(jì)的噱頭命名，涉及一個(gè)包著頭巾的會下國際象棋的“機(jī)器”，里而隱藏著一個(gè)真正的國際象棋大師——一開始是作為一種幫助亞馬遜管理其產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法）。因此C項(xiàng)“幫助亞馬遜管理其產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)庫”正確。

6.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第四段指出：MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.（MechanicalTurk用戶有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的網(wǎng)站叫土耳其國家（），該網(wǎng)站評估索求的公司和支付任務(wù)，這樣員工可以在接受任務(wù)之前檢查公司的記錄）。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出：Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.（克努森女士現(xiàn)在花大部分的時(shí)間為客戶轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)音頻和視頻，一周工作30個(gè)小時(shí)賺取約250美元）。因此，C項(xiàng)“為客戶轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)音頻和視頻”正確。

8.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講的是各領(lǐng)域的收費(fèi)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站興起，使得越來越多的專業(yè)人士通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)賺錢。因此，A項(xiàng)“在線專家”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

11.單選題

RussianandNorwegianscientistshavereportedfindingstoneobjectsandanimalbonesinthefarnorthofEuropeanRussia.Thescientistssaytheobjectsprovidethefirstevidencethatancienthunterslivedintheareamorethan30thousandyearsago.Theysaythisisatleast15thousandyearsearlierthanexpertshadthought.

TheRussianandNorwegianteamworkedatacampalongtheUsaRiverandtheArcticCircle.Thescientistssaytheyfoundseveralancientstonetools.Theyalsofound123bonesfromanimalssuchashorses,reindeerandwolves.

Thescientistssaytheirmostimportantdiscoverywasatuskfromanancientelephantcalledamammoth（猛碼）.Thehuge,curvedtoothwasmorethan1meterlong.Thetuskiscoveredwithsmallcuts.Thescientistsbelievehumansmadethemarkswithsharp-edgedstonetools.

Thescientistsusedaprocessknownasradiocarbon（放射性碳）datingtomeasuretheageofthetusk.Radiocarbondatingshowsthelevelofaradioactiveformofcarboninasubstance.Thetestsshowedthetuskisabout36thousandyearsold.

Thescientistssaytheyarenotsurewhatkindofhumansleftthestoneobjectsandbonesalongtheriver.TheysaidthepeoplewereeitherearlyhumanscalledNeanderthals（穴居人）ormodernhumans.

ModemhumansspreadthroughEuropeandAsia30thousandyearsago.Thescientistssaytheancientpeopleneededahighlevelofsocialdevelopmenttosurviveintheextremelycoldenvironment.

Theobjectswerediscoveredabout300kilometersnortheastofanotherareawherescientistssayhumansoncelived.Thatareahasobjectsmorecloselylinkedtomodemhumans.Thoseobjectsarebelievedtobeabout28thousandyearsold.

NaturemagazinealsopublishedareportbyJohnGowlettoftheUniversityofLiverpoolinEngland.Hesaidthediscoveryshowstheabilityofearlyhumanstodotheunexpected.Healsosaidthediscoveryshouldrenewdebateabouttheeffectsoftheclimateonthemovementsofearlyhumanpopulation.

1.BeforethefindingofstoneobjectsandanimalbonesinthenorthofEuropeanRussia,someexpertsthoughthumanbeingslivedinthatareaabout（

）.

2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutthesignificanceofthisfindingEXCEPTthat

（

）.

3.Whichisthemostimportantdiscoveryamongthefindings?

4.Howoldisthetusk?About

（

）

yearsold.

5.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.10thousandyearsago

B.15thousandyearsago

C.28thousandyearsago

D.20thousandyearsago

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itbringsforwardsthetimeinwhichancienthunterslivedinthearea

B.itprovidestheevidenceofahighlevelofancienthumansociety

C.itshowedtheunexpectedabilityoftheearlyhumans

D.itindicatestheeffectofclimateonthemovementofearlyhumanpopulation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Amammothtuskcoveredwithsmallcuts.

B.Ancientstonetools.

C.123bonesfromanimals.

D.Alongelephanttusk.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.25thousand

B.28thousand

C.40thousand

D.36thousand

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.NewDiscoveryofAncientHumanBeings

B.EvidenceofAncientHunters

C.UnexpectedSurvivingAbilitiesofAncientHumanBeings

D.NewFindingsofAncientAnimals

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Thescientistssaytheobjectsp