書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Icanthinkofnothingmore（

）thanarrivingatthetheateranddiscoveringthatIhavelefttheticketsathome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vicious

B.inviting

C.vexatious

D.immoral

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。vicious“惡毒的，惡意的”；inviting“吸引人的，誘人的”；vexatious“令人煩惱的，讓人生氣的”；immoral“不道德的，邪惡的”。句意：我想不出有什么事比到了電影院卻發(fā)現(xiàn)把電影票落在家里更令人煩惱。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

TeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.

Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,FlA.dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.

“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.

Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.

Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAInC.paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.

LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.

LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.

AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.

Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1,50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized"content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.

Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.

SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,FlA.leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.

Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.

MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks―payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone’semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.

AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.

Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInC.forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.

KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,LA.discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.

Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.

Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.

“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”

1.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

2.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere（）.

3.Whyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?

4.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?

5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto（）.

6.WhatdoesTurkerNationdo?

7.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?

8.Whatisprobablythetitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.

B.Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.

C.AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.

D.Peopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreely

B.professionalsandadvisershelpothersforfree

C.peoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpert

D.clientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.

B.BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.

C.BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.

D.BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.$3to$3.5.

B.$10.

C.$6.5to$7.

D.$5.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph

B.serveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed

C.helpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase

D.findsomeone’semailaddress

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

B.Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.

C.Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.

D.Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.

B.Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

C.TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.

D.Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.ExpertsonLine

B.SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCash

C.SuccessinRecessionTime

D.PromisingOnlineEconomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講的是各領(lǐng)域的收費(fèi)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站興起，使得越來(lái)越多的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)賺錢(qián)。故B項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的人利用他們的專(zhuān)業(yè)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上賺錢(qián)”比較符合文章大意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出：Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.（埃斯特斯申請(qǐng)成為L(zhǎng)ivePersonInc.的一名“專(zhuān)家”，這是一家客戶(hù)付費(fèi)與各領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)人士和顧問(wèn)在線(xiàn)聊天的網(wǎng)站）。因此D項(xiàng)“客戶(hù)為與專(zhuān)業(yè)人士的在線(xiàn)交流時(shí)間而付費(fèi)”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出：Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.（隨著人們不斷轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)找工作，鍵盤(pán)勞動(dòng)力網(wǎng)站越來(lái)越受歡迎）。因此B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楦嗟娜嗽诰W(wǎng)上找工作”正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第七段指出：Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%（網(wǎng)站收取30%到35%的傭金）。由此可算出，如果客戶(hù)支付10美元，網(wǎng)站抽取傭金3—3.5美元，專(zhuān)家將獲得6.5—7美元，故選C。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第十五段指出：Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.（亞馬遜土耳其機(jī)器人的副總裁SharonChiarella說(shuō)：這個(gè)網(wǎng)站——為一個(gè)18世紀(jì)的噱頭命名，涉及一個(gè)包著頭巾的會(huì)下國(guó)際象棋的“機(jī)器”，里而隱藏著一個(gè)真正的國(guó)際象棋大師——一開(kāi)始是作為一種幫助亞馬遜管理其產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的方法）。因此C項(xiàng)“幫助亞馬遜管理其產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)”正確。

6.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第四段指出：MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.（MechanicalTurk用戶(hù)有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的網(wǎng)站叫土耳其國(guó)家（），該網(wǎng)站評(píng)估索求的公司和支付任務(wù)，這樣員工可以在接受任務(wù)之前檢查公司的記錄）。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出：Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.（克努森女士現(xiàn)在花大部分的時(shí)間為客戶(hù)轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)音頻和視頻，一周工作30個(gè)小時(shí)賺取約250美元）。因此，C項(xiàng)“為客戶(hù)轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)音頻和視頻”正確。

8.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講的是各領(lǐng)域的收費(fèi)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站興起，使得越來(lái)越多的專(zhuān)業(yè)人士通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)賺錢(qián)。因此，A項(xiàng)“在線(xiàn)專(zhuān)家”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

3.單選題

Theweathermanbroadcaststhe（）intemperaturetwiceaday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diversion

B.variation

C.variety

D.modification

【答案】B

【解析】diversion轉(zhuǎn)移,消遣；variation變化,變異；variety多樣化；modification修正,改變。句意：天氣預(yù)報(bào)員每天兩次播報(bào)氣溫變化。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Iftheworldistoremainpeaceful,theutmosteffortmustbemadebynationstolimitlocal______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.collisions

B.combats

C.contradictions

D.conflicts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)collision“沖突，碰撞”，指物理上的碰撞；B選項(xiàng)combat“格斗，搏斗”；C選項(xiàng)contradiction“矛盾，沖突”，指觀(guān)點(diǎn)上的沖突；D選項(xiàng)conflict“(武裝)斗爭(zhēng)，沖突”。根據(jù)Iftheworldistoremainpeaceful可知D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。句意：如果世界要保持和平，各國(guó)必須盡最大努力限制地方?jīng)_突。

5.單選題

Likeamagazine,anewspaperhasacontentsguidethatindicates______located.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whereiseachfeature

B.eachofthefeaturesis

C.eachfeaturewhereitis

D.whereeachfeatureis

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。where引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子中的where相當(dāng)于theplacewhere，后接的從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。本句中缺少動(dòng)詞indicate的賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意：像雜志一樣，報(bào)紙也有一個(gè)內(nèi)容指南，指出每一個(gè)專(zhuān)題的位置?？芍狣選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

（

）theireconomicsystemisreformed,thedestinyofthatcountrywillbehardtopredict.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyafter

B.Unless

C.Nowthat

D.Aslongas

【答案】B

【解析】句意:除非實(shí)行經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革,不然那個(gè)國(guó)家的命運(yùn)將很難預(yù)測(cè)。

連詞辨析。Onlyafter僅僅等…才…;Unless除非,如果不;nowthat既然,由于;aslongas只要。故B符合句意。

7.翻譯題

HealthyFood

Anactivelifestyleandahealthy,fish-richdietarenotonlygoodforyourheart,theymayalsohelptacklethememorylossassociatedwitholdage,twoleadingneuroscientistssaidonWednesday.

Aspeoplelivelonger,findingwaysofhaltingthedeclineinmentalagilityisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,saidProfessorIanRobertson,directoroftheInstituteofNeuroscienceatTrinityCollegeDublin.

“Thebiggestthreattobeingabletofunctionwellandproperlyisourbrains,”hetoldjournalists.

“Thereisverystrongevidence,particularlyintheover-50s,thatthedegreetowhichyoumaintainyourmentalfacultiesdependsonahandfulofquitesimpleenvironmentalfactors,”hesaid.

Thosewhoremainedphysicallyfit,avoidedhighstresslevelsandenjoyedarichandvariedsociallifearebetterequippedtostayalertastheyage.Mentalstimulation,learningnewthingsandsimplythinkingyoungalsohelp.

【答案】健康的食物

美國(guó)兩位著名的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家于本周三稱(chēng)，積極的生活方式，健康的、富含魚(yú)類(lèi)的飲食不僅對(duì)心臟有好處，還有助于解決因年老而導(dǎo)致的記憶喪失問(wèn)題。

都柏林三一學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所主任伊恩?羅伯遜教授說(shuō)，隨著人類(lèi)的壽命越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，尋找能夠阻止人類(lèi)思維敏捷度下降的方法正變得越來(lái)越重要。

他告訴記者：“對(duì)身體機(jī)能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的最大威脅是我們的大腦?！?/p>

他說(shuō)：“有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明，一個(gè)人能否保持良好的智力水平取決于一些非常簡(jiǎn)單的環(huán)境因素，對(duì)那些50歲以上的人來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此。”

那些身體健康、能避免高壓力、享受豐富多彩的社交生活的人，在他們上了年紀(jì)后，頭腦會(huì)更清醒。精神刺激、學(xué)習(xí)新事物和保持年輕的心態(tài)也有幫助。

8.單選題

Thenewly-builtapartmentiswell______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ventilated

B.meditated

C.irritated

D.evaluated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ventilate“使通風(fēng)，給……裝通風(fēng)設(shè)備”，B項(xiàng)meditate“考慮，計(jì)劃，企圖”，C項(xiàng)irritate“刺激，使興奮，激怒”，D項(xiàng)evaluate“評(píng)價(jià)，估價(jià)”。由主語(yǔ)newly-builtapartment（新建的公寓）可知，空格處填入“通風(fēng)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：這座新建的公寓通風(fēng)良好。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Literacyinthecountryhasincreased,withtheliterateproportionofthepopulationrisingto52.1%from43.6%adecadeago.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.influential

B.educated

C.diligent

D.sophisticated

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.influential有很大影響的B.educated受過(guò)教育的

C.diligent孜孜不倦的；勤勉的D.sophisticated見(jiàn)多識(shí)廣的；老練的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】literacy表示“讀寫(xiě)能力”，literate是literacy的形容詞形式，那么literate表示“有讀寫(xiě)能力的”，即受過(guò)教育的，B項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線(xiàn)單詞詞義。

【句意】該國(guó)的識(shí)字率有所提高，識(shí)字人口比例從十年前的43.6%上升到52.1%。

10.單選題

Itisquitenaturalthatthenativepeopleusethewordorderandsentencepatternswithout（

）choice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aware

B.careful

C.thebest

D.conscious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)aware“知道的，意識(shí)到的”；B選項(xiàng)careful“仔細(xì)的”；C選項(xiàng)thebest“最好的”；D選項(xiàng)conscious“意識(shí)到的，清醒的”句意：當(dāng)?shù)厝耸褂迷~序和句型是很自然的，沒(méi)有（）選擇。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)這里填的詞意應(yīng)該是“意識(shí)到的”，排除B、C選項(xiàng)；conscious通常比較正式，強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心的意識(shí)，而aware則是指通過(guò)信息，或者感覺(jué)器官意識(shí)到的，這里根據(jù)語(yǔ)境是內(nèi)心的意識(shí)，所以A選項(xiàng)排除，答案選D。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement.MembersshallbefreetodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisAgreementwithintheirownlegalsystemandpractice.

ForthepurposesofthisAgreement,theterm“intellectualproperty”referstoallcategoriesofintellectualpropertythatarethesubjectofSectionIthrough7ofPartII.

MembersshallaccordthetreatmentprovidedforinthisAgreementtothenationalsofotherMembers.Inrespectoftherelevantintellectualpropertyright,thenationalofotherMembersshallbeunderstoodasthosenaturalorlegalpersonsthatwouldmeetthecriteriaforeligibilityforprotectionprovidedforintheParisConvention(1967),theBerneConvention(1971),theRomeConventionandtheTreatyonIntellectualPropertyinRespectofIntegratedCircuits,wereallMembersoftheWTOmembersofthoseconventions.AnyMemberavailingitselfofthepossibilitiesprovidedinParagraph3ofArticle5orParagraph2ofArticle6oftheRomeConventionshallmakeanotificationasforeseeninthoseprovisionstotheCouncilforTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights(the“CouncilforTRIPS”)

Criminallawisdistinctivefortheuniquelyseriouspotentialconsequencesoffailuretoabidebyitsrules.Everycrimeiscomposedofcriminalelements.Anelementofacrime(collectivelycalledelementsofcrime)isabasicsetofcommonlawprinciplesregardingcriminalliabilitythat,withfewexceptions,constitutetheessentialelementstoprovethatthedefendantcommittedacrimeunderUnitedStateslaw.Thejurymustbeconvincedbeyondareasonabledoubtthatthedefendantcommittedeachelementoftheparticularcrimechargedbeforedecidingonaguiltyverdict.Thecomponentpartsthatmakeupanyparticularcrimevarydependingonthecrime.Thebasiccomponentsarementalstate(Mensrea),conduct(Actusreus),concurrenceandcausation.However,thetwonecessaryelementsthatmustcoexistforacrimetoexististhatthedefendantmusthavecommittedanactandthatactmusthavebeencommittedintentionally.

【答案】各成員均必須實(shí)行本協(xié)定中的規(guī)定。各成員可以但并無(wú)義務(wù)，在其法律中實(shí)施比本協(xié)定要求更廣泛的保護(hù)，只要此種保護(hù)不違反本協(xié)定的規(guī)定。各成員有權(quán)在其各自的法律制度和實(shí)踐中確定實(shí)施本協(xié)定規(guī)定的適當(dāng)方法。

在本協(xié)定中，“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”一詞系指屬于本協(xié)定第二部分第1節(jié)至第7節(jié)中的所有類(lèi)別的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。

各成員應(yīng)根據(jù)本協(xié)定的規(guī)定給予其它成員以國(guó)民待遇。對(duì)于相應(yīng)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，其它成員的國(guó)民被認(rèn)為是符合《巴黎公約（1967）》、《伯爾尼公約（1971）》、《羅馬公約》和《關(guān)于集成電路的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)條約》中所規(guī)定的保護(hù)資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成員似乎都已加入了這些公約。任一運(yùn)用了《羅馬公約》第五條第3款或第6條第2款規(guī)定的可能性的成員，均應(yīng)根據(jù)這些條款的預(yù)告，通知“與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)理事會(huì)（TRIPS理事會(huì)）”。

刑法因未能遵守其規(guī)定導(dǎo)致的無(wú)可匹敵的嚴(yán)重潛在后果而是與眾不同的。每項(xiàng)罪行由犯罪要素構(gòu)成。一項(xiàng)罪行的一個(gè)要素（共同地被稱(chēng)為犯罪要素）是一套基本的關(guān)于刑事責(zé)任的普通法法則，而這些法則極少例外地構(gòu)成了證明被告在美國(guó)法律之下犯罪的基本要素。在確定一項(xiàng)有罪裁定之前，陪審團(tuán)必須無(wú)疑地確信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一個(gè)要素。組成任何特定罪行的構(gòu)成要素依據(jù)罪行而變化?；镜囊厥切睦頎顟B(tài)（犯罪意圖），行為（犯罪行為），同時(shí)發(fā)生和起因。然而，對(duì)于一項(xiàng)罪行存而必須并存的兩個(gè)必要要素是被告一定要犯下一個(gè)罪行且那個(gè)罪行是故意犯下的。

12.翻譯題

Bacteria（細(xì)菌）,likepeople,canbedividedintofriendandfoe.81.Inspiredbyevidencethatthefriendlysortmayhelpwitharangeofailments（疾?。?manypeopleconsumebacteriaintheformofyogurtsanddietarysupplements.Suchasmatteringofartificialadditions,however,representsbutadropintheocean.Thereareatleast800typesofbacterialivinginthehumangut.AndresearchbyStevenGilloftheInstituteforGenomicResearchinRockville,Maryland,andhiscolleagues,publishedinthisweek’sScience,suggeststhatthecollectivegenomeoftheseorganismsissolargethatitcontains100timesasmanygenesasthehumangenomeitself.

DrGillandhisteamwereabletocometothisconclusionbyextractingbacterialDNAfromthefaeces（糞便）oftwovolunteers.82.Becauseofthecomplexityofthesamples,theywerenotabletoreconstructtheentiregenomes（基因組）ofeachofthegutbacteria,justtheindividualgenes.Butthatallowedthemtomakeanestimateofnumbers.

Whatallthesebacteriaaredoingistrickytoidentify—thebacteriathemselvesaredifficulttocultivate.83.Sotheresearchersguessedatwhattheymightbeuptobycomparingthegenestheydiscoveredwithpublisheddatabasesofgeneswhosefunctionsarealreadyknown.

84.ThiscomparisonhelpedDrGillidentifyforthefirsttimetheprobable

enzymatic（酶（性）的）processesbywhichbacteriahelphumanstodigestthecomplex

carbohydratesinplants.Thebacteriaalsocontainaplentifulsupplyofgenesinvolvedinthesynthesisofchemicalsessentialtohumanlife—includingtwoBvitaminsandcertainessentialaminoacids—althoughtheteammerelyshowedthatthesemetabolicpathwaysexistratherthanprovingthattheyareused.Nevertheless,thepathwaystheyfoundleavehumanslookingmorelikeruminants:animalssuchasgoatsandsheepthatusebacteriatobreakdownotherwiseindigestiblematterintheplantstheyeat.

ThebroaderconclusionDrGilldrawsisthatpeoplearesuperorganismswhosemetabolismrepresentsanamalgamationofhumanandmicrobialattributes.Thenotionof

asuperorganismhasemergedbefore,asresearchersinotherfieldshavecometoviewhumansashavingadiverseinternalecosystem.85.This,suggestsome,willbecrucialtothesuccessofpersonalisedmedicine,asdifferentpeoplewillhavedifferentresponsestodrugs,dependingontheirmicrobialflora.（微生物群落）Accordingly,thenextstep,saysDrGill,istoseehowmicrobialpopulationsvarybetweenpeopleofdifferentages,backgroundsanddiets.

Anotherareaofresearchistheprocessbywhichthesehelpfulbacteriafirstcolonizethedigestivetract.Babiesacquiretheirgutfloraastheypassdownthebirthcanalandtakeagene-filledgulpoftheirmother’svaginalandfaecalflora.Itmightnotbethemostdeliciousoffirstmeals,butitcouldwellbeanimportantone.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】81.有益菌可以幫助人們治療多種疾病，受此啟發(fā)，很多人通過(guò)使用酸乳食品和各種補(bǔ)品的辦法吸收細(xì)菌。然而，這種人為補(bǔ)充細(xì)菌的做法是極其膚淺的。

82.由于樣本的復(fù)雜性，吉爾博士及其研究組人員還不能構(gòu)建出腸道內(nèi)細(xì)菌的完整基因組，而只能構(gòu)建出單體基因。不過(guò)，這也可以使他們對(duì)整體數(shù)量作出估算。

83.因此，研究人員只能將發(fā)現(xiàn)的基因和那些功能已經(jīng)研究清楚的基因的公開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行比較，從而猜測(cè)可能得到的研究結(jié)果。

84.這種比較幫助吉爾博士第一次確定了可能存在的細(xì)菌借以幫助人體消化從植物體攝入的復(fù)雜碳水化合物的酶催化反應(yīng)的過(guò)程。

85.有人認(rèn)為，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)個(gè)性化藥物的成功開(kāi)發(fā)是至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)椴煌娜司哂胁煌奈⑸锶郝?，?duì)不同的藥物有不同的反應(yīng)。

13.單選題

Government（）theuseofseatbeltsinallcars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prevails

B.provokes

C.mediates

D.mandates

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：政府（）在所有車(chē)中使用安全帶。

prevail勝過(guò)，獲勝，生效，流行；provoke激起，挑釁；mediate調(diào)解，斡旋，居中；man-date授權(quán)，托管，強(qiáng)制。D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)制”符合句意。

14.單選題

Thefactory’swastewasfoundtobedetrimentaltotheenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmful

B.helpful

C.harmless

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。detrimental表示“不利的，有害的”；A項(xiàng)harmful“有害的”，B項(xiàng)helpful“有幫助的”，C項(xiàng)harmless“無(wú)害的”，D項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)酷的”。句意：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)這家工廠(chǎng)的廢物對(duì)環(huán)境有害。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Here______youwanttosee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comesthegirl

B.comedoesthegirl

C.thegirlcomes

D.comingthegirlis

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：你想見(jiàn)的女孩來(lái)了。here位于句首時(shí)，其后用完全倒裝形式，倒裝句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞come和go不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)comesthegirl符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Oneoftheproblemstheyhavetodealwithisthe（

）ofplasticcontainers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposal

B.dissolution

C.disposition

D.disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)disposal“處理”；B選項(xiàng)dissolution“分解，溶解”；C選項(xiàng)disposition“性情，傾向”；D選項(xiàng)disappearance“消失”。句意：他們必須處理的問(wèn)題之一是塑料容器的處理。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

17.問(wèn)答題

Themanagerhasaskedmetoconsiderthisproposalcarefully,(consideration)

【答案】Themanagerhasaskedmetotakethisproposalintoconsiderationcarefully.

18.翻譯題

誠(chéng)然，揭發(fā)一個(gè)不道德行為問(wèn)題，大都不是一件容易的事。有時(shí)候，匿名是可能的，但并不總是這樣。過(guò)去，曾發(fā)生被控告者或被懷疑的同事進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)的事并產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重后果。關(guān)于不軌行為的任何舉報(bào)，都是一個(gè)需要認(rèn)真對(duì)待的重要指控。如果處理不當(dāng)，一個(gè)舉報(bào)能?chē)?yán)重傷害被控告者、指控者、有關(guān)單位，乃至整個(gè)科學(xué)。

【答案】Admittedly,itisnotalwayseasytoexposeanunethicalbehavior.Itispossibletobeanonymoussometimes,butnotalways.Inthepast,therewerecasesofretaliationbyaccusedorsuspectedcolleagueswithseriousconsequences.Anyallegationofmisconductisimportantandshouldbetakenseriously.Ifnothandledproperly,asingleonecanseriouslyharmtheaccused,theaccuser,theinstitutionconcerned,andscienceasawhole.

19.單選題

Atthesightofherhusbandgettingoffthetrain,thewomanwalkedforwardand_______himandstrokedhiswhitehair.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.embraced

B.clapped

C.paddled

D.flocked

【答案】A

【解析】embraced擁抱;clapped拍手喝彩;paddled攪拌;flocked聚集。句意：一看到丈夫下火車(chē),女人就上前擁抱他,撫摸他的白發(fā)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

20.單選題

ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.

B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.

C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.

D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.

B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.

C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.

D.Theywereactingontheirown.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.

B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.

C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.

D.Hediedin1587.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.

B.Somedidnotsurvive.

C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.

D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.

B.Itlastedforseveralyears.

C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.

D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。整個(gè)文章從吉爾伯特第一次嘗試殖民北美到最后英國(guó)成功殖民北美的過(guò)程，所以C選項(xiàng)“殖民北美的早期嘗試”正確。A選項(xiàng)“貿(mào)易公司的管理”和B選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)和西班牙在新世界的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)“皇家專(zhuān)利頒發(fā)于16世紀(jì)”錯(cuò)誤，這個(gè)是伊麗莎白女王允許吉爾伯特到北美的專(zhuān)利。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.（英國(guó)第一次殖民北美的嘗試是由個(gè)人而不是公司控制的。），可知他們自己決定怎樣行動(dòng)，D選項(xiàng)“他們自主行動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“伊麗莎白女王要求他們這樣做”：根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth（他的第一次遠(yuǎn)征是在1578年，并獲得了伊麗莎白女王授予的專(zhuān)利權(quán)），可知不是伊麗莎白女王要求的，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們是大型貿(mào)易公司的成員”文中沒(méi)有提到。C選項(xiàng)“他們很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分別進(jìn)行了兩次嘗試，都失敗了，可知進(jìn)展不順利，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.（他的第一次遠(yuǎn)征……被西班牙擊退。），和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.（第二次嘗試于1583年以災(zāi)難告終，當(dāng)時(shí)吉爾伯特和他的船在一場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴中喪生。），可知只有一次和西班牙交戰(zhàn)，而非兩次，吉爾伯特死于1583年，故C選項(xiàng)“他和西班牙人打了兩次仗”和D選項(xiàng)“他死于1587年”錯(cuò)誤；吉爾伯特兩次以失敗告終，沒(méi)有到達(dá)北美，A選項(xiàng)“他從未在北美定居”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他的貿(mào)易公司被女王授予了專(zhuān)利權(quán)”：根據(jù)第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent（第二年，吉