書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京旅游職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

InBritontherobinisasmallbird,butits（）inAmericaismuchlarge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.species

B.counterpart

C.analogy

D.category

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在英國知更鳥是一種小鳥,但在美國它的物種要大得多。species物種,種類；counterpart相似物；analogy類比,類似；category種類,分類。選項(xiàng)A形容生物種類,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.單選題

Thenaturaldisastershaveimmeasurably（）thesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressed

B.affected

C.effected

D.interfered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。impress“給予某人深刻印象”；affect“影響；感染；”;effect“產(chǎn)生;達(dá)到目的”；interfere“沖突;介入”。句意：自然災(zāi)害會(huì)對(duì)我們國家的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生不可估量的影響。由naturaldisasters可推知自然災(zāi)害會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemedhardtobelieveatthetime______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thathefirstintroducedit

B.whenhefirstintroduced

C.hefirstintroduced

D.whichhefirstintroducedit

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.thathefirstintroducedit他第一次介紹它B.whenhefirstintroduced他第一次介紹

C.hefirstintroduced他第一次介紹D.whichhefirstintroducedit他第一次介紹它

【考查點(diǎn)】定語從句。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，atthetime（在那時(shí)）為句子的時(shí)間狀語從句，句意是“愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論在當(dāng)時(shí)似乎難以置信”，空格處為定語從句修飾atthetime，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，所以從句主謂賓必須完整，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)缺少賓語it；

D項(xiàng)which應(yīng)該改為atwhich。

【句意】當(dāng)愛因斯坦第一次提出相對(duì)論時(shí)，他的理論似乎難以置信。

4.單選題

Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sheer

B.total

C.integral

D.perfect

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sheer意為“完全的，純粹的，十足的”；total意為“總計(jì)的”；integral意為“完整的”；perfect意為“完美的”。

句意：純粹是為了報(bào)復(fù)，他竭力抹黑她的人格，詆毀她的名譽(yù)。

5.單選題

Itcanbepainfulforparentswhentheirchildrenfeeloutofsyncwithothers,butitisunwise______ontheimportanceoffittingin;childrengetenoughofthatmessageintheoutsideworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.layingalotofimportance

B.toputtoomuchemphasis

C.togivealargeamountofconcern

D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.layingalotofimportance強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性B.toputtoomuchemphasis強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性

C.togivealargeamountofconcern大量關(guān)注D.throwingagreatdealofanxiety造成極大的焦慮

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】根據(jù)unwise可知，unwisetodo是固定搭配，表示“做某事是不明智的”，根據(jù)句意“當(dāng)孩子感到與他人不同步時(shí)，父母可能會(huì)感到痛苦，但______重要性是不明智的”可知，空格處表示“過分強(qiáng)調(diào)，過分關(guān)注”符合句意，所以B項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)importance一般和attach搭配；

C項(xiàng)concern是不可數(shù)名詞，要用much搭配；

D項(xiàng)不符合unwisetodo（做某事不明智）的搭配。

【句意】當(dāng)孩子感到與他人不同步時(shí)，父母可能會(huì)感到痛苦，但過分強(qiáng)調(diào)融入的重要性是不明智的；孩子們從外面的世界中已經(jīng)足夠了解這一點(diǎn)了。

6.單選題

Thosemosquitobiteswillitchevenmoreifyou（）them.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rub

B.scratch

C.scrub

D.brush

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果你撓蚊蟲叮咬的地方，會(huì)更癢。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。rub摩擦;scratch撓，搔;scrub擦洗，刷洗；brush（用刷子）刷凈。因此B正確。

7.單選題

IthoughtthatProfessorLiebermann'sspeechatthefarewellbanquetwasverymarvelous.andsodidmostoftheotherpeoplethere,tojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speechatthefarewellbanque

B.verymarvelous

C.andsodid

D.tojudgefromthevigorous

E.tojudgefromthevigorous

【答案】D

【解析】語法錯(cuò)誤。非謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤。tojudgefrom改為judgingfrom?！皌ojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived”這部分在句子中作方式狀語，故需要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式j(luò)udgingfrom。

8.單選題

Whatareyour（

）forjudgingabottleofwine?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regulations

B.rules

C.premises

D.criteria

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。regulation規(guī)則，規(guī)定；rule規(guī)則，條例；premise假定，前提；criteria標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。句意：你判斷一瓶酒的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么？由judging可知需要一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能對(duì)事物作出判斷，故D項(xiàng)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合題意。答案D

9.單選題

Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslation(MT)systemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemand.

Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.

Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.

Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.

Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,（

）.

2.MTsystemswillmakefewerrorsif

（

）.

3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation

（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree

B.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofar

C.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslators

D.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextisstandard

B.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextissimplified

C.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextiscontrolled

D.theoriginaltextdealswithaspecializedsubject

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aregrowingfastinnumber

B.complainalotaboutitspoorquality

C.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutput

D.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.onecancommunicateonthephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguage

B.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferences

C.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguage

D.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbythem

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第二段說到MT系統(tǒng)的問題出現(xiàn)在“However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.然而，如果要達(dá)到要求的質(zhì)量，MTsystem所產(chǎn)生翻譯必須由人工譯者進(jìn)行修改或“后期編輯”。有時(shí)這樣的修改可能是實(shí)質(zhì)性的，因此MT系統(tǒng)實(shí)際上是在生成一個(gè)“草稿”翻譯?！闭f明MT系統(tǒng)翻譯出來的成品需要人工修改，D選項(xiàng)“需要對(duì)MT產(chǎn)生的文本進(jìn)行大量修訂”符合題意。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞fewerrors定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or‘controlled’invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.作為一種替代方法，輸入文本可以被正規(guī)化(或在詞匯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上“受控”)，這樣機(jī)器翻譯系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的需要糾正的錯(cuò)誤就很少?！币虼藯l件就是“控制”輸入文本的語言。C選項(xiàng)“原文的語言被控制”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞assimilation定位到文章第三段第二句“Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.這一需求——使用MT進(jìn)行同化——在過去已經(jīng)得到滿足，實(shí)際上，它是最初為傳播應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)的副產(chǎn)品?！弊詈笠痪溲a(bǔ)充說到“WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.隨著市場上更便宜的基于pc的系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)，這種類型的使用（使用MT進(jìn)行同化）已經(jīng)迅速而顯著地增長。”由此可知A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)量正迅速增長”正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干中的theprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems“MT系統(tǒng)的逐步成熟”，說明問的是MT系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭，第四段最后一句說到“Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.語音識(shí)別與自動(dòng)翻譯的融合問題顯然難以解決，但仍在不斷取得進(jìn)展。在未來——也許還是遙遠(yuǎn)的未來——我們可以期待在高度受限的領(lǐng)域中實(shí)現(xiàn)語音翻譯的在線機(jī)器翻譯系統(tǒng)?！庇纱丝芍磥淼倪M(jìn)展可能出現(xiàn)在“在線機(jī)器語音翻譯”這方面，對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可得A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人可以通過電話與另一個(gè)說不同語言的人交流”符合文意。

10.單選題

Hehadgoneawayonbusinessandwouldnotreturntothehoteluntilthenextday.Ishouldhavetowaittill（）Icouldthankhimforthepresent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afterwards

B.then

C.thenbefore

D.thentherefore

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他出差去了，第二天才會(huì)回旅館。我應(yīng)該等到那個(gè)時(shí)候才能表達(dá)對(duì)他送我禮物的感謝。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞till可知空白處首先應(yīng)填入—個(gè)與thenextday意思相似的副詞，即then；另外“Icouldthankhimforthepresent”這部分為時(shí)間狀語，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用before，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

11.單選題

M:Howiseverythinggoingwithyou?

W:Notbad.Say,ifyouaredonefortheday,maybewecouldcelebrateyourbirthdayatStarbucks,I’llbuy!

Q:What’sthewomandoing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheismakinganinvitation.

B.Sheismakingasuggestion.

C.Sheisaskingforadvice.

D.Sheisofferingheropinion

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)女士說的話“如果你今天的工作完成了，也許我們可以到星巴克為你慶祝生日，我請(qǐng)客！”可知A選項(xiàng)‘她正在發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)?！_。

12.單選題

Americansmayhaveto（）thenumberofprivatelyownedcarsanddependmoreonpublictransportationsystems.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.outdown

C.getdown

D.dropdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakdown“發(fā)生故障，毀掉”；getdown“吞下，使沮喪”；dropdown“落下，順著往下移動(dòng)”。句意：美國人可能不得不降低私家車的數(shù)量。轉(zhuǎn)而依賴公共交通系統(tǒng)。只有D項(xiàng)符合，強(qiáng)調(diào)私家車數(shù)量的下降。

13.單選題

Markwasabsolutely____bythepuzzle,sohewasconfusedanddidn’tknowhowtodealwithit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.baffled

B.bartered

C.battered

D.barged

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.baffled困惑B.bartered以物換物

C.battered連續(xù)猛擊D.barged沖撞

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分的語義為“馬克（Mark）完全被這個(gè)謎題____了”，根據(jù)后文“他很困惑（wasconfused），不知道該如何處理”推測(cè)，這個(gè)謎題是馬克非常困惑，不知道怎么解決，A選項(xiàng)baffled“困惑”最符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)都是正確選項(xiàng)的形近詞，但不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】馬克完全被這個(gè)難題難住了，所以他很困惑，不知道該如何處理它。

14.單選題

Unenlightenedauthoritarianmanagersrarelyrecognizeacrucialreasonforthelowlevelsofseriousconflictamongmembersofdemocraticallyrunworkgroups:amodicumoftolerancefordissentoftenpreventsrift.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demur

B.division

C.compliance

D.discern

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)demur“異議；反對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)division“除法；部門；分配；分裂；分割；賽區(qū)”；C選項(xiàng)compliance“順從，服從；符合；屈從；可塑性”；D選項(xiàng)discern僅可做動(dòng)詞，意為“覺察出；識(shí)別；了解；隱約看見；辨別”。句意：不開明的獨(dú)裁管理者很少意識(shí)到民主管理的工作團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間嚴(yán)重沖突程度較低的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵原因：對(duì)異見的少量容忍往往可以防止出現(xiàn)裂痕。rift“裂縫；不和；裂口”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

Abaseball(棒球)thatlandsinanopen(開闊地)sooncomestorestbecauseofitsinteractionwiththeground.

【答案】由于與地面的相互作用，落在空地上的棒球很快就會(huì)停下來。

16.單選題

Crisiswouldbetherighttermtodescribethe（）inmanyanimalspecies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.minimization

B.restriction

C.descent

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。minimization最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是危機(jī)，表示事態(tài)比較嚴(yán)重，所以用衰退來形容許多動(dòng)物物種最為恰當(dāng)。選項(xiàng)D正確。

17.單選題

Robertsisanotedchemist（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aswellasaneffectiveteacher

B.andtooaveryefficientteacher

C.butheteachesverygoodinaddition

D.howeverheteachesverygoodalso

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞。A選項(xiàng)aswellas“和……一樣，不但……而且”，連接兩個(gè)句子或者短語，例句：Thegirlislivelyaswellashealthy.(這女孩既健康又漂亮。），所以A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)and和too不連用，應(yīng)該改為andaveryefficientteachertoo才正確；C選項(xiàng)but“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，羅伯特是一個(gè)著名的化學(xué)家和很好的老師應(yīng)該是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折，所以C選項(xiàng)排除，同理D選項(xiàng)however“然而”，也是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故排除。句意：羅伯特是一位著名的化學(xué)家，也是一位卓有成效的老師。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

Stemcellsare（

）cellswiththeabilitytodivideanddevelopintomanyotherkindsofcells.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infertile

B.juvenile

C.mobile

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infertile不育的B.juvenile青少年的；幼稚的

C.mobile可移動(dòng)的；易變的D.versatile通用的；多功能的；萬能的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】干細(xì)胞是具有……的細(xì)胞，能產(chǎn)生出其他多種細(xì)胞。由本句后半句“能產(chǎn)生出其他多種細(xì)胞”可知干細(xì)胞是具有產(chǎn)生多功能的細(xì)胞。所以D選項(xiàng)“通用的；多功能的”符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】干細(xì)胞是一種多功能細(xì)胞，具有分裂和發(fā)育成許多其他類型細(xì)胞的能力。

19.單選題

Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanbeings.Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutthediversityofterrestrialorganisms,particularlytheexceptionallyrichlifeassociatedwithtropicalrain-foresthabitats.Relativelylittlehasbeensaid,however,aboutdiversityoflifeintheseaeventhoughcoralreefsystemsarecomparabletorainforestsintermsofrichnessoflife.

AnalienexploringtheEarthwouldprobablygiveprioritytotheplanet’sdominant,mostdistinctivefeature一theocean.Humanshaveabiastowardlandthatsometimesgetsinthewayoftrulyexaminingglobalissues.Seenfromfaraway,itiseasytorealizethatlandmassesoccupyone-thirdoftheEarth’ssurface.Giventhattwo-thirdsoftheEarth’ssurfaceiswaterandthatmarinelifelivesatalllevelsoftheocean,thetotalthree-dimensionallivingspaceoftheoceanisperhaps100timesgreaterthanthatoflandandcontainsmorethan90percentofalllifeonEartheventhoughtheoceanhasfewerdistinctspecies.

Thefactthathalfoftheknownspeciesarethoughttoinhabittheworld’srainforestsdoesnotseemsurprising,consideringthehugenumbersofinsectsthatcomprisethebulkofspecies.Onescientistfoundmanydifferentspeciesofantsinjustonetreefromarainforest.Whileeveryspeciesisdifferentfromeveryotherspecies,theirgeneticmakeupconstrainsthemtobeinsectsandtosharesimilarcharacteristicswith750000speciesofinsects.Ifbasic,broadcategoriessuchasphylaandclassesaregivenmoreemphasisthandifferentiatingbetweenspecies,thenthegreatestdiversityoflifeisunquestionablythesea.Nearlyeverymajortypeofplantandanimalhassomerepresentationthere.

Toappreciatefullythediversityofabundanceoflifeinthesea,ithelpstothinksmall.Everyspoonfulofoceanwatercontainslifeontheorderof100to100000bacterialcellsplusassortedmicroscopicplantsandanimals,includinglarvasororganismsrangingfromspongesandcoralstostarfishandclamsandmuchmore.

1.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Whydoestheauthorcomparecoralreefswithrainforests(Para.1)?

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatmostrainforestspeciesare（

）.

4.Theauthorarguesthatthereismorediversityoflifeintheseathanintherainforestbecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsissupportedbythepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Humansaredestroyingthousandsofspecies.

B.Therearethousandsofinsectspecies.

C.Theseaisevenricherinlifethantherainforests.

D.Coralreefsaresimilartorainforests.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theysharemanysimilarspecies.

B.Theyareapproximatelythesamesize.

C.Mostoftheirinhabitantsrequirewater.

D.Bothhavemanydifferentformsoflife.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.insects

B.bacteria

C.mammals

D.birds

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therearetoomanyinsectstomakemeaningfuldistinctions

B.morephylaandclassesoflifearerepresentedinthesea

C.manyinsectspeciesaretoosmalltodivideintocategories

D.marinelife-formsreproduceatafasterpace

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Oceanlifeishighlyadaptive.

B.Oceanlifeisprimarilycomposedofplants.

C.Theseaishighlyresistanttothedamagedonebypollutants.

D.Moreattentionneedstobepaidtopreservingoceanspeciesandhabitats.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，第一段提到,人類對(duì)熱帶雨林生物多樣性的報(bào)道很多，但對(duì)海洋生物多樣性的報(bào)道卻很少。接下來的段落便是描述海洋生物多樣性體現(xiàn)在哪些方面以及事實(shí)依據(jù),所以本文的主旨是海洋生物物種比熱帶雨林生物物種更豐富，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“coralreefsystemsarecomparabletorainforestsintermsofrichnessoflife.”就生物的豐富程度而言，珊瑚礁可與雨林相媲美。也就是說二者都有許多不同的生命形式，也就是豐富的物種，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，世界上有一半的已知物種生活在雨林中，因?yàn)闃?gòu)成物種主體的昆蟲數(shù)量龐大。由此可知，熱帶雨林中的大多數(shù)物種是昆蟲。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段最后兩句，如果更強(qiáng)調(diào)基本的和主要的物種，如生物的分類和級(jí)別，而不對(duì)他們進(jìn)行區(qū)分，那么毫無疑問，生命的多樣性存在于海洋之中。幾乎每一種主要的動(dòng)物和植物都有一些代表性。所以海洋生物物種豐富的原因是海洋中生物的分類和級(jí)別太多。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Toappreciatefullythediversityofabundanceoflifeinthesea,ithelpstothinksmall.”要充分欣賞海洋生物的多樣性，需要從小事做起。再根據(jù)第一段提及的對(duì)熱帶雨林生物多樣性的報(bào)道很多，但對(duì)海洋生物多樣性的報(bào)道卻很少，說明人們只重視保護(hù)熱帶雨林物種多樣性而忽略了海洋物種多樣性，作者意在呼吁人們注意保護(hù)海洋物種及其棲息地。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

20.單選題

Idon'tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）tothattypeofwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。compatible意為“兼容的，相容的”；convenient意為“方便的”；consistent意為“與……一致的，相符的”；competent意為“有能力的，能勝任的”。

句意：我認(rèn)為Johnson在他的新工作上不會(huì)成功的，因?yàn)樗荒軇偃文欠N類型的工作。

21.翻譯題

1.Formostpeople,shoppingisstillamatterofwanderingdownthehighstreetorloadingacartinashoppingmall.Soon,thatwillchange.Electroniccommerceisgrowingfastandwillsoonbringpeoplemorechoice.Therewill,however,beacost:protectingtheconsumerfromfraudwillbeharder.Manygovernmentsthereforewanttoextendhigh-streetregulationstotheelectronicworld.Butpoliticianswouldbewisertoseecyberspaceasabasisforaneweraofcorporateself-regulation.

2.Consumersinrichcountrieshavegrownusedtotheideathatthegovernmenttakesresponsibilityforeverythingfromthestabilityofthebankstothesafetyofthedrugs,ortheirrightstorefundwhengoodsarefaulty.Butgovernmentscannotenforcenationallawsonbusinesseswhoseonlypresenceintheircountryisonascreen.Othercountrieshaveregulators,buttherulesofconsumerprotectiondiffer,asdoesenforcement.Evenwhereaclearrighttocompensationexists,theon-linecataloguecustomerinTokyo,say,canhardlygotoNewYorktoextractarefundforadudpurchase.

23.Oneanswerisforgovernmentstocooperatemore:torecognizeeachother’srules.Butthatrequiresyearsofworkandvolumesofdetailedrules.Andplentyofcountrieshaverulestoofancifulforsoberstatestoaccept.Then,lettheelectronicbusinessesdothe“regulation”themselves.Theydo,afterall,haveaself-interestindoingso.

24.Inelectroniccommerce,areputationforhonestdealingwillbeavaluablecompetitiveasset.Governments,too,maycompetetobetrusted.Forinstance,customersorderingmedicineson-linemayprefertobuyfromtheUnitedStatesbecausetheytrusttherigorousscreeningoftheFoodandDrugAdministration;ortheymaydecidethattheFDA’srulesaretoostrict,andbuyfromSwitzerlandinstead.

Consumerswillstillneedtousetheirjudgment.Butpreciselybecausethetechnologyisnew,electronicshoppersarelikelyforawhiletobealotmorecautiousthanconsumersofthenormalsort—andthenewtechnologywillalsomakeiteasierforthemtocomplainnoisilywhenacompanyletsthemdown.Inthisway,atleast,theadventofcyberspacemayargueforfewerconsumerprotectionlaws,notmore.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】1.就大多數(shù)人而言，購物仍然意味著沿著大街閑逛或者在大型購物中心裝滿購物車。不久，這種情況會(huì)有所改變。電子商務(wù)迅猛發(fā)展，不久會(huì)給人們帶來更多的選擇。然而，這需要付出代價(jià)：保護(hù)顧客使之免受欺騙會(huì)更加困難。因此，許多政府想把街道的條例延伸到電子世界。

2.富裕國家的消費(fèi)者已習(xí)慣于這樣的觀念，政府應(yīng)對(duì)一切負(fù)責(zé)，包括銀行的穩(wěn)定和藥物的安全，以及退回有缺陷商品的權(quán)利，但是一些政府不會(huì)把國家的法律強(qiáng)加給只在本國屏幕上出現(xiàn)的企業(yè)。

3.一種回答是：政府之間要進(jìn)行更多的合作，即承認(rèn)彼此的條例，但這需要許多詳細(xì)的條例，許多國家制定的條例純屬空想，以至于一些嚴(yán)肅的國家不愿接受，那么就讓電子企業(yè)自我約束吧。

4.在電子商務(wù)中，誠信經(jīng)營的聲譽(yù)會(huì)成為競爭中的無價(jià)之寶。為了贏得信譽(yù)，一些政府也可能會(huì)展開競爭。譬如說，在網(wǎng)上訂購藥品的顧客可能愿意從美國那里購買，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈攀称芳八幤饭芾砭值膰?yán)格審查，他們也有可能斷定食品及藥品管理局的條例過于苛刻，因而從瑞士那里購買。

22.單選題

Increased（）canreleasetheworkersforothertasks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficiency

B.effect

C.effectiveness

D.effort

【答案】A

【解析】句意：提高工作效率可以使工人們有更多的時(shí)間做其他的任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

23.單選題

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressureasaresultofwhichrefineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)layout“展示，安排”，B項(xiàng)layoff“解雇，休息”，C項(xiàng)laydown“放下，制定”，D項(xiàng)layaside“擱置，儲(chǔ)蓄”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞workers（工人）和employees（雇員）可猜測(cè)，空格部分表示“解雇”，因此四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：美國的石油公司已經(jīng)開始感受到壓力，因?yàn)闊捰凸と撕褪驮O(shè)備制造員工正在被裁員。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehis（）canbedistributed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradoxes

B.legacies

C.platitudes

D.analogies

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。paradoxes矛盾；legacies遺產(chǎn)；platitudes陳詞濫調(diào)；analogies類比，類似。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)人死后，他的債務(wù)必須在他的遺產(chǎn)被分配之前得到償還。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

25.單選題

Sometaxonomists,particularlythoseworkinginherbariaandprovidinganidentificationservice,doneedsuch_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approach

B.confidence

C.faith

D.expertise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)approach“方法，方式；接近；接洽”；B選項(xiàng)confidence“信心；信任；秘密”；C選項(xiàng)faith“信仰；信念；信任；忠實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)expertise“專門知識(shí)；專門技術(shù)；專家的意見”。句意：一些分類學(xué)家，特別是那些在標(biāo)本室工作并提供鑒定服務(wù)的分類學(xué)家，確實(shí)需要這樣的專業(yè)知識(shí)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

26.案例題

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(財(cái)政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可以看出，美國民眾和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)移民影響的看法不同。選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)給出了自己的看法，不存在困擾一說；選項(xiàng)B美國經(jīng)濟(jì)過去因移民而得以繁榮，在第一段并沒有提及；選項(xiàng)C經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)移民，在第一段中也沒有信息提及。

2.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以當(dāng)?shù)氐图寄芄と耸芤泼裼绊懽畲蟮脑蚴撬麄兒茈y找到一份收入體面的工作。

4.

根據(jù)第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他們最擔(dān)心的是移民帶來的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.

根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有諷刺意味的是，外界所有過度興奮的辯論，對(duì)移民的影響卻微乎其微。選項(xiàng)C人們對(duì)某些影響很小的事情其實(shí)有些小題大做了，符合原文。

27.單選題

Tothegreatdisappointmentofthepublic,thewantedinthemurdercasesofarremains（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inprison

B.infreedom

C.atease

D.atlarge

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inprison“坐牢”；infreedom“自由”；atease“安逸；自由自在”；atlarge“詳盡的；未被捕的”。前半句提到“公眾非常失望”，由此可推測(cè)是殺人犯還沒有落網(wǎng)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

28.單選題

______totheRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Prior

B.Before

C.Preceding

D.Followin