書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東水利職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thegangster（）athishelplessvictimandputacigarettejustoutofreach.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sneered

B.scorned

C.grinned

D.glared

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sneered“嘲笑，冷笑”；B選項(xiàng)scorned“輕蔑”；C選項(xiàng)grinned“露齒而笑，咧著嘴笑”；D選項(xiàng)glared“怒目而視，瞪眼看”。句意：歹徒對他那無助的受害者（），并把一支煙放在剛好夠不到的地方。根據(jù)歹徒后面的行為可以看出，歹徒對這個受害者發(fā)出冷笑，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.

B.Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.

C.Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.

D.Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.

B.Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.

C.Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.

D.Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.

B.Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.

C.Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.

D.Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Psychologyresearchhastendedtoportraysolitudeasanegativeexperience.Studiesconductedinthe1970sand1990ssuggestedthatpeoplefeltlesshappywhenalone,ascomparedtobeingwithothers.However,anewpapershowsanalternativeviewofsolitude,oneinwhichsolitudecanbepositive.

Let’sstartbylookingattheearlierresearch.Ithadacoupleofshortcomings.First,itmeasuredemotiononascalefrompositivetonegative,overlookingthepossibilitythatthepositiveandnegativeemotionscanfluctuateindependently.[16]Also,itcategorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative.Itdidn’tconsiderthatemotionsarousedustodifferentdegrees,andthatbothpositiveandnegativeemotionscanarouseusalotoralittle.Thatis,whetherpositiveornegative,emotionscanbeeitherhigharousalorlowarousal.Higharousalemotionsincludeexcitementonthepositivesideorangeronthenegativeside,whilelowarousalonesincludefeelingcalmonthepositivesideorlonelyonthenegative.

Thisnewresearchattemptedtoovercometheseshortcomings.Researchersbeganwithasimplestudy.Theyaskedparticipantstospend15minutessittingalonewithoutengaginginanyactivityandmeasuredhowthissolitudeinfluencedtheiremotionalstate.[17]Thisexperimentspecificallyaimedtodeterminetheeffectofsolitudeonhigharousalemotions.Itlookedatpositiveemotionssuchasbeingexcitedorinterested,andnegativeemotions,includingbeingscaredordistressed.Theresultswereclear.[17]After15minutesofsolitude，theparticipantsshowedreductionsinbothtypesofemotion.Asecondstudymeasuredtheeffectsofsolitudeonlowarousalemotions.Theseincludedbothpositiveandnegativeemotionssuchasfeelingcalm,relaxed,sadorlonely.[18]Thatexperimentfoundthatalloftheseemotionswereincreasedbytimealone.Thus,itseemspastdepictionsofsolitudewerewrong.Itdoesn’thaveasimpleemotionaleffectthatcanbecharacterizedasgoodorbad.Rather,itchangestheintensityofourinnerexperience.Itamplifiesquieteremotions.Butitdiminishestheintensityofstrongerfeelings.

It’sworthclarifyingthatthesefindingsrelatetorelativelybriefperiodsofsolitude.Thisisdistinctfromprolongedloneliness.Researchhasdemonstratedthatthelatteriscorrelatedwithanassortmentofnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffects.Howcanpeoplebenefitfrombeingalone?Thefindingsheresuggestthatpeoplecanusesolitudetoregulatetheiremotions.Solitudecanhelpusbecomequietafterexcitement,calmafteranangryepisode,orsimplyfeelatpeace.

16.Whatisoneofthecriticismsdirectedattheearlyresearchonsolitude?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于“獨(dú)處”的早期研究受到何種批評？錄音說，早期的研究存在幾個缺點(diǎn)，其中包括把情緒簡單地分為積極的和消極的（categorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative），D選項(xiàng)中的classified是對錄音原文中categorized的同義替換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“它忽略了情緒是個人的和主觀的事實(shí)”和B項(xiàng)“它忽略了情緒可以被控制的可能性”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“它獨(dú)立測量積極情緒和消極情緒”主要利用measured和independently設(shè)置干擾，錄音說的是，早期調(diào)查在從積極到消極的范圍內(nèi)衡量情緒，忽略了積極和消極情緒可以獨(dú)立波動的可能性。選項(xiàng)與之表述不相符，因此排除。

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheresultsofthenewresearch?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問我們可以知道哪些關(guān)于新研究的結(jié)果？錄音提到，新研究是為了確定獨(dú)處對高喚起度情緒的影響，而參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的人經(jīng)過15分鐘的獨(dú)處后，他們的積極與消極兩方面的高喚起度情緒都有所減緩（reductionsinbothtypesofemotion），B選項(xiàng)中的reductive與錄音原文中的reductions是同根詞，都表示“減少，減緩”的意思，因此B選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)處對高喚起度情緒有減緩作用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個人無所事事地坐著似乎很苦惱”和C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)自坐15分鐘使參與者焦躁不安”在錄音中均沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)處會對參與者的心理健康產(chǎn)生不利影響”，主要錯在缺乏對獨(dú)處的修飾詞，錄音中說的是長期的孤獨(dú)與負(fù)面的生理和心理影響相關(guān)，而短暫的獨(dú)處不會，因此D選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全，表述不正確。

18.Whatdidthesecondexperimentinthenewresearchfindaboutsolitude?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問新研究的第二個實(shí)驗(yàn)有何發(fā)現(xiàn)？第二個實(shí)驗(yàn)測量了獨(dú)處對低喚起度情緒的影響，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)所有這些情緒都會隨著時間的推移而增加。D選項(xiàng)“它有助于增強(qiáng)低喚起度情緒”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它往往會使負(fù)面情緒加劇”，這些情緒包括積極和消極的情緒，如平靜、放松、悲傷或孤獨(dú)。因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)證明很難客觀描述它”，錄音提到，獨(dú)處改變內(nèi)在感受的強(qiáng)度，對強(qiáng)烈感覺有安撫作用，這正是描述了獨(dú)處產(chǎn)生的影響，因此B選項(xiàng)也不正確；C選項(xiàng)“它與悲傷密切相關(guān)”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此排除。

3.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)題意本題表述的是每隔一段時間可以去周邊旅游，因此選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符，而選項(xiàng)D是固定搭配atregularintervals“每隔一段時間”因此選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)正確。句意：學(xué)生和老師可以每隔一段時間參加島嶼周圍美麗的海灘活動。

4.單選題

Theacousticsinthismeetingroomarenotverygood,soifyouwishtobeheardclearly,youmustremembertospeakout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.so

C.wishtobeheard

D.speakout

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。Speakout改為speakup。D處句意應(yīng)為“大聲說”,而speakout表示“公開說出”。

5.單選題

Theblackhorseis（）ofthepair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestrongest

B.thestronger

C.thestrong

D.quitestrong

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這匹黑馬更強(qiáng)壯。

語法題?？疾楸容^級。當(dāng)要特指兩者中“較（更）”時，比較級前通常要帶定冠詞，此時可視為比較級后省略了有關(guān)的名詞或代詞one，即定冠詞實(shí)為修飾被省略的名詞或代詞one。pair的詞義是“一對”或“一雙”，即在“兩者”中進(jìn)行比較。因此，此處應(yīng)該使用thestronger。

6.單選題

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘一些人把生活看作是正義力量與惡勢力之間的一種外部沖突。’可知是將生活看作是一種外部沖突。A選項(xiàng)external“外部的，外部”;B選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)部的”；C選項(xiàng)maternal“母性的”；D選項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”。A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Somewomenaremotivatedtowork（）professionalinterestsandadesiretocontributetosociety.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseof

B.asto

C.regardlessof

D.inspiteof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)becauseof“因?yàn)椋挥捎凇?；B選項(xiàng)asto“至于，關(guān)于；就……而論”；C選項(xiàng)regardlessof“不顧，不管”；D選項(xiàng)inspiteof“不管、雖然、盡管、不顧”。句意：有些婦女工作的動機(jī)是（）職業(yè)興趣和為社會做貢獻(xiàn)的愿望。B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Whenitcomes___hiswifewiththehousework,Johnnevergrumbles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohelp

B.andhelps

C.tohelping

D.tohavehelped

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth./doingsth.“當(dāng)提到；就……而論”。句意：當(dāng)談到幫助妻子做家務(wù)時，約翰從不抱怨。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.

Historically,economistshavesaidthatwell-beingisasimplefunctionofincome.However,ithasbeanfoundthatoncewealthreachesasubsistencelevel,itseffectivenessasageneratorofwell-beingisgreatlydiminished.ThisparadoxhasbeenreferredtoastheEasterinparadox.Thismeansthataspirationsincreasewithincome;afterbasicneedsaremet;relativeratherthanabsoluteincomelevelsinfluencewell-being.Happinesseconomistshopetochangethewaygovernmentsviewwell-beingandhowtomosteffectivelygovernandallocateresourcesgiventhisparadox.However,otherresearchsuggeststhatnoparadoxexists,andhappinessislinearlyrelatedtothelogarithmofabsolute(real,PPP-adjusted)income,withlittleornorelativeincomecomponent.

Moneycorrelateswithhappiness,buttheratediminisheswithmoremoney.In2010,twoeconomistsfoundthathigherearnersgenerallyreportedbetterlifesatisfaction,butpeople’sday-to-dayemotionalwell-beingonlyrosewithearningsuntilathresholdannualincomeof$75,000.Otherfactorshavebeensuggestedasmakingpeoplehappierthanmoney.Onestudy,whencorrectedforsocialstatus,showednocorrelationbetweenincomeandhappiness.

【答案】從歷史上看，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家曾說過經(jīng)濟(jì)收入能影響幸福指數(shù)。然而有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)財(cái)富達(dá)到基本的生活水平，它對幸福指數(shù)的影響力就會極大地減少。這個悖論被稱為伊斯特林悖論。這意味著愿望隨著收入而增加；在基本需求得到滿足之后；收入水平對幸福的影響是相對的，而不是絕對的了。鑒于這一悖論，幸福經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家希望改變政府看待幸福的方式，以及如何最有效地管理和分配資源。然而，其他研究表明這種悖論不存在，幸福指數(shù)與絕對（實(shí)際的，根據(jù)購買力平價調(diào)整后的）收入的對數(shù)成線性相關(guān)，與收入的構(gòu)成沒有什么關(guān)系。

金錢與幸福相關(guān)，但隨著金錢的增加，這一比率會下降。2010年，兩位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，高收入者總體上表現(xiàn)出更好的生活滿意度，但是只有當(dāng)年收入達(dá)到75000美元后，人們?nèi)粘５那楦行腋２艜S著收入的增加而增加。其他因素比金錢更能使人快樂。一項(xiàng)針對社會地位的研究表明，收入和幸福之間沒有相關(guān)性。

10.單選題

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legible

B.radical

C.medieval

D.laden

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。legible“清晰的,易辨認(rèn)的”;radical“激進(jìn)的,根本的,徹底的”;medieval“中世紀(jì)的,老式的,原始的”;laden“負(fù)載的,裝滿的”。句意:理論和實(shí)踐之間有著根本的區(qū)別。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

11.單選題

Thegovernmentgaveavery（

）explanationofitsplansforindustrialdevelopment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.understanding

B.comprehensive

C.compulsory

D.sophisticated

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。understanding意為“善解人意的，富有同情心的”；comprehensive意為“詳盡的，綜合性的，全部的”；compulsory意為“必須做的，強(qiáng)制性的”；sophisticated意為“復(fù)雜的”。

句意：政府給出了一個對其工業(yè)發(fā)展計(jì)劃十分全面的解釋。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

1.凡事預(yù)則立，不預(yù)則廢。

2.我們可以讓內(nèi)燃機(jī)使用另一種污染程度較低的燃料，如天然氣、燃料電池，液態(tài)氫等，這些我們都可以考慮。

3.我們必須考慮到這一點(diǎn)：我們的星球是從子孫后代那里借來的，而不是我們祖先饋贈的。

4.可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指：為了將來后代的利益，我們必須保留足夠的生存空間，以滿足他們的需要和施展他們的抱負(fù)。

5.這門學(xué)科的重要性與其被了解的程度不成正比。

【答案】1.Preparednessensuressuccessandunpreparednessspellsfailure.

2.Whenchoosingadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine,wecantakenaturalgas,fuelcells,liquidhydrogen,oconsideration.

3.Itmustbetakenintoconsiderationthatwehavenotinheritedthisearthfromourancestorsbuthaveborroweditfromouroffspring

4.Sustainabledevelopmentmeansthatforthebenefitoffuturegenerations,wemustreserveenoughlivinsspaceforsatisfyingtheirneedsandrealizingtheirambitious.

5.Theimportanceofthisdisciplineisnotindirectproportiontothedegreetowhichitisunderstood.

13.單選題

Manyfunctionsavailablefrommodernsoftwarearequite（）andhaveanumberofoptions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flexible

B.sustainable

C.accessible

D.applicable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:現(xiàn)代軟件提供的許多功能非常靈活且有多種選擇。

考查形容詞辨析。Flexible能適應(yīng)新情況的,靈活的,可變動的,柔韌的;sustainable,足可支撐的,養(yǎng)得起的,可持續(xù)的,;accessible,易接近的,可進(jìn)入的,可理解的,;applicable,可適用的,可應(yīng)用的。根據(jù)and后面的關(guān)鍵信息“haveanumberofoptions(有多種選擇)”可知A符合句意。

14.單選題

Manyimmigrantswerepreparedtoworkhardinappallingconditionsforthe（

）oftheirdescendants.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.benefit

B.health

C.property

D.entertainment

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)benefit“利益、好處”；B選項(xiàng)health“健康、健康狀況”；C選項(xiàng)property“屬性、財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)”；D選項(xiàng)entertainment“娛樂、消遣”，根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“descendants后輩、晚輩”可聯(lián)想到留給后輩的東西，benefit“利益、好處”符合語境，句意為：許多移民愿意在惡劣的條件下辛勤工作，只為自己的后代謀得利益。故正確答案選A。

15.單選題

Jackneedsstraighteningout;hehasbeen_____thewholefemalepopulationofhisclass.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standingupto

B.owningupto

C.messingaroundwith

D.makingupfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗”；ownupto“承認(rèn)錯誤”；messaroundwith“胡鬧，玩弄”；makeupfor“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”。句意：杰克需要改正錯誤，因?yàn)樗恢焙桶嗌吓螋[。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（

）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immortal

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)explicit“清楚的，明確的”；B選項(xiàng)implicit“含蓄的，不直接言明的”；C選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)部的，里面的”；D選項(xiàng)immortal“長生的，永世的，不朽的”。由Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan（她沒有公開抨擊計(jì)劃）和轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知B選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：她沒有公開抨擊這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，但她的反對暗示著她沒有說任何支持這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的話。

17.單選題

Writtenprimarilyforaspecializedbutdiversebodyofscholars,thisbook（

）theattentionofthoseinterestedinseventeenth-centuryEnglishliterature.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.proposes

C.acclaims

D.distills

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。warrant“保證；擔(dān)保”；propose“建議，打算”；acclaim“稱贊”；distill“提取”。句意：這本書主要是為一群專業(yè)且各路學(xué)者而寫，所以，它一定會引起那些對17世紀(jì)文學(xué)感興趣的人的注意。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

18.單選題

（）youpromiseyouwillworkhard,（）supportyoutocollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifonly...willI

B.Only...Iwill

C.Onlyif...willI

D.Onlyif...Iwill、

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。觀察第一空的選項(xiàng)，ifonly“只要；但愿”后面一般用虛擬語氣；onlyif“只有”后用倒裝。再綜合題干可判定此題使用倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Academicintegrityisdeemedessentialtothosedevotedtoscientificresearches.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.believed

B.discarded

C.advocated

D.confirmed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。deem表示“認(rèn)為，相信”，bedeemedto表示“被認(rèn)為”；A項(xiàng)believe“相信，信任”，B項(xiàng)discard“拋棄，放棄”，C項(xiàng)advocate“提倡，擁護(hù)”，D項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)，證實(shí)”。句意：學(xué)術(shù)誠信對于那些致力于科學(xué)研究的人來說是至關(guān)重要的。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

NASAiscastingawidernetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthespacecrafttoswingoutofcontroland（）momentsbeforeitwastoland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disassemble

B.disembark

C.disintegrate

D.disinherit

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形詞詞義辨析。disassemble“拆開；解開”；disembark“登錄；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剝奪……的繼承權(quán)”，飛船失去控制的搖擺，然后在快要著陸的瞬間應(yīng)該會發(fā)生比較嚴(yán)重的事件，分析四個選項(xiàng)的意思可知此處只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意：美國宇航局全方位的展開了對航天飛機(jī)的調(diào)查，關(guān)于是什么導(dǎo)致了飛船失去控制的搖擺，并在最后要著陸的時候……了。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

21.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears,bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents-untilitappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow

（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdiffidencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogress

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第四句話提到“一位權(quán)威專家認(rèn)為夢這種極度強(qiáng)烈的精神活動不僅能被控制，而且是有意識地控制，幫助我們?nèi)胨⑶腋杏X更好”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter，因此選項(xiàng)A“可以被更改”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是“通過提到大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)，作者想要說明什么問題”。文章第二段提到limbicsystem(大腦邊緣系統(tǒng))是情緒大腦（emotionalbrain），因此可以推斷出作者在此處是想說明情緒與做夢之間的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段第二句話提到“在上半夜往往會做不好的夢，然后再睡醒前夢開始變好。這種情況暗示人們在夢里解決白天產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面情緒”（Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday），由此可知不好的感覺出現(xiàn)在入睡的較早階段。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段提到“做夢的過程不一定是無意識的。Cartwright認(rèn)為我們可以練習(xí)有意識地控制不斷出現(xiàn)的噩夢。醒來后確定在夢中令你苦惱的事情，設(shè)想一下你想要的結(jié)局，等下次它再次出現(xiàn)，嘗試在正好能控制它的過程的時候醒過來”（Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse），既然我們能夠控制做夢的進(jìn)程，說明夢境不一定是無意識的，而有可能是做夢的人有意識而為之。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段第一句提到我們可能根本沒有關(guān)注我們的夢（there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatall）；最后三句提到只有那些長期受噩夢折磨的人需要去咨詢理療師的建議，其他人的大腦可以自動消除不良情緒（thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings），也就是說按照往常那樣來生活就可，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

22.翻譯題

當(dāng)今世界正處在大發(fā)展大變革大調(diào)整時期。世界多極化和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展，國際金融危機(jī)影響繼續(xù)顯現(xiàn)，氣候變化、能源資源、公共衛(wèi)生安全等全球性問題突出，國際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)問題此起彼伏。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)人類和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)，需要世界各國人民加強(qiáng)合作、同舟共濟(jì)。

中國改革開放和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得新的顯著成就，人民生活繼續(xù)改善，社會保持和諧穩(wěn)定。中國積極參加應(yīng)對國際金融危機(jī)、氣候變化等問題的國際合作，擴(kuò)大同世界各國交流合作，為世界和平與發(fā)展做出了新的貢獻(xiàn)。

【答案】【參考譯文】Today’sworldisundergoingaperiodofbigdevelopments,greatchangesandextensiveadjustments.Theworldmulti-polarizationandeconomicglobalizationisdevelopingfurtherandtheinfluencesproducedbyinternationalfinancialcrisisarecontinuingtoappear.Globalissuessuchasclimatechange,energy,resourcesandpublicsanitarysecurityareprominent;andinternationalandregionalhotspotsarepoppingup.Peopleallovertheworldarerequiredtostrengthencooperationandhelpeachotherforthesakeofcontinuingtoadvancetheloftycauseofhumanpeaceanddevelopment.

China’sreformandopeningupandsocialistmodernconstructionhaveachievednewremarkableachievements.People’sstandardoflivingcontinuestoimproveandoursocietyremainsharmoniousandstable.Throughtakinganactivepartininternationalcooperationfortacklingissuessuchastheinternationalfinancialcrisis,climatechange,etc.andexpandingexchangesandcooperationwithallothercountriesaroundtheworld,Chinahasmadenewcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.

23.單選題

Thereisno（

）tothehousefromthemainroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.avenue

C.exposure

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。access通道；avenue林蔭大道；exposure暴露；edge邊緣。

句意：從大路沒有通道通往這個房子。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

24.單選題

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasastunningreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeraninstinctiveresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoralsoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen'tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?“Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.”saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolentbecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson,”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquity（無處不在）ofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.”

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,”saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheading（斬首）canhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1.000oftheenemy,”HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization.”

1.Whathaschangedtherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?

2.Thegoalofpsychologicalwarfareisto（

）.

3.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitselfbecause

（

）.

4.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Terroristattacks.

B.Theincreaseofmilitaryconflicts.

C.Advancesinnuclearweapons.

D.Prosperityofthemedia.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.changetheideologyoftheopponent

B.winabattlewithoutmilitaryattacks

C.generateagreatersenseoffear

D.bringaboutmorephysicaldamage

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.psychologicalterrorismisatactic

B.terrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat

C.theuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat

D.publicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthreat

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.meansdetermineseffects

B.hostagecrisesareprevalent

C.psychologicalterrorsremainharmless

D.theAmericanmediaiseffective

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.emphasizesthegreatimpactofpsychologicalwarfare

B.criticizestheviolenceofterrorism

C.callsforanendtopsychologicalwarfare

D.opposesthehostagecrisis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.（但由于科技的進(jìn)步、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及和新聞報(bào)道的擴(kuò)散，這種心理戰(zhàn)的交戰(zhàn)規(guī)則已經(jīng)改變）可知D選項(xiàng)“媒體的繁榮”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.（相反，這些攻擊的目的是灌輸一種比實(shí)際威脅本身更大的恐懼感）可知C選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生更大的恐懼感”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第五段中的Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.（將恐怖主義作為一種戰(zhàn)術(shù)是基于制造一種與實(shí)際威脅不相稱的恐懼氣氛）可知C選項(xiàng)“使用恐怖主義是為了激起比實(shí)際威脅更具破壞性的恐懼”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第六段中的Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.（關(guān)鍵不是你做了什么，而是它的報(bào)道方式?jīng)Q定了效果）可知A選項(xiàng)“手段決定效果”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章首段提出恐怖活動；第二段引出心理戰(zhàn)；第三至六段介紹了心理戰(zhàn)帶來的影響比實(shí)際威脅更大；第五段介紹了伊朗人質(zhì)危機(jī)給美國人帶來的心理創(chuàng)傷；第六段介紹了恐怖分子隨機(jī)性和普遍性給人心理上產(chǎn)出更大的威脅；第七段介紹了恐怖組織利用心理戰(zhàn)作戰(zhàn)；最后一段引用Haroun的話，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)心理戰(zhàn)帶來的影響。因此A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)心理戰(zhàn)的巨大影響”符合題意。

25.單選題

Manywomen,accordingtothis____,wouldratherworkthanmarry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hypothesis

B.hierarchy

C.synthesis

D.syndrome

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hypothesis“假設(shè)”；B選項(xiàng)hierarchy“等級制度”；C選項(xiàng)synthesis“結(jié)合；（人工的）合成”；D選項(xiàng)syndrome“綜合征；典型表現(xiàn)”。句意：根據(jù)這一______，許多女性寧愿工作也不愿結(jié)婚。根據(jù)語境，許多女性寧愿工作也不愿結(jié)婚更可能是一個假設(shè)，A選項(xiàng)hypothesis“假設(shè)”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

[A]Scienceand[B]technology[C]arepartofthe[D]knowledgesofeducatedpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Science

B.technology

C.are

D.knowledges

【答案】D

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】不可數(shù)名詞的用法。

【解題思路】knowledge表示“知識，學(xué)問”時，是不可數(shù)名詞。所以knowledge要用原形，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【句意】科學(xué)技術(shù)是受過教育的人的知識的一部分。

27.單選題

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshasalonghistoryandiscloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescribes,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine