SectionAGrammarFocus-4cenjoydinnerwithmyfamilyA:Mum,couldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends?B:Sure,thatshouldbeOK.A:CouldIgetsomethingtodrinkwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?B:Sure,youcan.A:CouldIgetsomethingtodrinkwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?B:No,youcan’t,youhaveabasketballgametomorrow.takethedogforawalk遛狗A:Canyoupleasetakethedogforawalk?B:OK,butIwanttowatchoneshowfirst.takeouttherubbish扔垃圾A:Canyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?B:Yes,sure.CouldIgooutfordinnerwithmyfriends?Sure,thatshouldbeOK.Couldwegetsomethingtodrinkafterthemovie?No,youcan’t,youhaveabasketballgametomorrow.GrammarFocusCanyoupleasetakethedogforawalk?OK,butIwanttowatchoneshowfirst.Canyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?Yes,sure.只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的

can/could,may/

might,oughtto,must可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的

need,dare可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的

shall/should,will/

would相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的

haveto,usedto情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)做謂語,除ought和have外,后面只能接不帶to的不定式。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱,數(shù)的變化,但有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如can、will也有一般式和過去式的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)態(tài)”形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志,不少情況下,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式形式和過去式形式都可用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、過去時(shí)間和將來時(shí)間。can和could：1)can的主要用法是：

A.

表示體力或腦力的能力：

e.g.Thegirlcandanceverywell.B.

表示說話的推測﹑事物的可能性等:e.g.Canthenewsbetrue?

C.在口語中,can可以表示請求或允許:e.g.CanIsithere?can表示“能夠”時(shí)與短語beableto同義，但can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)，而后者可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。另外，can表示個(gè)人有某種能力，而beableto表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事，相當(dāng)于succeedindoingsth.；敘述過去事實(shí)時(shí)，最好用was/wereableto，因?yàn)閏ould只表示過去具有某種能力。如：CanyouunderstandthedifferentkindsofEnglishthesepeopleareusing?Twoyearslater,hewasabletospeakverygoodChinese.2)could的主要用法是：

A.could是can的過去式,表示與過去有關(guān)的

能力和推測:e.g.Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldn’t

beadoctor.B.could可以代替can表示請求,但語氣較can

客氣、委婉:e.g.Couldyoulendmeyourdictionary?

CouldIuseyourbike?3)can和could接動(dòng)詞的完成形式，表示可能已經(jīng)做某事。can用在否定和疑問句中，表示不相信、懷疑等態(tài)度。e.g.

Theycan’thavegoneoutbecausethelightisstillon.以could或would提問時(shí)，不能再以could或would作答，而應(yīng)該用can或will。如：—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyoucan.

could與can都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，could是can的過去式。二者都可用于表示請求，但是用法稍有不同。can表示一般性的請求，語氣隨便，常用于熟人之間或長輩對晚輩，上級對下級的場合。e.g.Can

youtellusyourstory,Tony？

托尼，你能給我們講講你的故事嗎？could與can的區(qū)別

could表示有禮貌的請求，語氣委婉，常用于非熟人之間或晚輩對長輩，下級對上級的場合。比如：—Could

youtellusifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?—Sure.—請告訴我們，澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎?—當(dāng)然可以。注意：1.提出委婉的請求在回答中不可用could。A:CouldIhavethetelevisionon?B:Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.2.在否定、疑問句中表示推測或懷疑用couldn’t。

Hecouldn’tbeabadman.

他不大可能是壞人。may和might表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may放在句首，表示祝愿。

MayGodblessyou!Hemightbeathome.注意:might表示推測時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)，只是可能

性比may小。haveto和must1.兩詞都是“必須”的意思，haveto表示客觀的需要，must表示說話人主觀上的看法，即主觀的必要。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀需做此事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)2.haveto有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.3.在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中:don’thaveto表示“不必”，mustn’t表示“禁止”。Youdon’thavetotellhimaboutit.

你不一定要把此事告訴他。Youmustn’ttellhimaboutit.

你一定不要把這件事告訴他。WriteRforrequestsandPforpermissions.Thenmatcheachonewiththecorrectresponse.____CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendsafterthemovie?2.____Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?3.____CouldIborrowthatbook?4.____Couldyouhelpmedothedishes?5.____Couldyoulendmesomemoney?PRPRR4aYes,hereyouare.Hmm.Howmuchdoyouneed?Yes,sure.Noproblem.Ifinishedreadingitlastnight.d.Yes,butdon’tcomebacktoolate.e.No,Ican’tIcutmyfingerandI’mtryingnottogetitwet.1—d2—a3—c4—e5—bFillintheblanksintheconversation.A:Ihateto______chores.B:Well,Ihatesomechorestoo,butIlikeotherchores.A:Really?Great!________Iaskyouto____mewithsomechoresthen?B:Whatdoyouneedhelpwith?

A:______youplease_____myclothesforme?B:Idon’twanttodothat!It’sboring!CoulddohelpCouldfold4bA:OK.Then______you________dothedishesforme?B:Sure,noproblem.But_______wegotothemoviesafterthat?A:Sure,I’llfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.Thenwecangotothemovies.couldpleasecouldMakealistofthingsyourgroupneedstodoforacampingtrip.Thendiscusswhowilldothemandcompletethechart.A:CouldyoupleasebringLiuChang?B:Sure.Andcouldyouplease…?C:Sorry,Ican’t.Ihaveto…4cTo—dolistNameBringatentLiuChangPairworkI.用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could,can’t,may,must,mustn’t,needn’t填空。1.—_______youcomeandplaywithusnow?

—I’mafraidI_____.I_____dothecooking.I____comelater.2.—_______wecleanthewindowstoday?

—No,you_______.You____cleanthemtomorrow.

Couldcan’tmustcanMustneedn’tcanExercises3.—____IwatchTVthisevening,mum?

—No,you_______.Work_____comefirst.4.—____Icomein,please?

—Yes,please.5.Excuseme.____youtellmethewaytothe

cinema?Maymustn’tmustCanCanA:Couldyouhelpme,please?B:___________!A:Iwantto________theseboxestomyhomeLet’s______theboxes_____thecarnow.B:_______right.A:Oh,thebox___heavy.Canyoucarryit?B:Yes,I______.A:_______you_____ittomyroom?B:Certainly.CertainlytakeputinAlliscanCouldtakeII.完成對話。—CanI____RobinsonCrusoe？MrsZhao．—Sure,it’sveryinter