Unit11Task2:3Unit226Unit350Unit480Unit5103Unit6127Unit7146Unit8161Unit9187Unit10208Unit11236Unit12258Unit13281Unit14301Unit15326Unit1Task1:【答案】A.EventYearKennyGwasborn.1956HetouredEuropewithhisHighSchool1971band.Hemadehisfirstsoloalbum.1982Hewonreleasedhismostsuccessful1993album.HewontheBestArtistAward.1994Hebroketheworldrecordforplaying1997asinglenote.B．FFT【原文】SaxophonistKennyGisnowtheworld'smostsuccessfuljazzmusician.Hewasbornin1956asKennyGorelickinSeattle,USA,andhelearnedtoplaythesaxophoneatanearlyage.Whenhewasjust15yearsold,hetouredEuropewithhisHighSchoolband.AfterstudyingatWashingtonUniversityhestartedhiscareerasamusician.In1982hesignedforAristaRecordsandmadehisfirstsoloalbumKennyG.Successcameslowlyatfirst,butduringthe1990sKennybecamewell-knownontheinternationalscene.HereleasedBreathless,hismostsuccessfulalbumsofarin1993,andin1994wontheBestArtistAwardatthe21stAmericanMusicAwardsheldinLosAngeles.Aswellasmakingrecords,healsofoundtimetoplayinfrontofanotherfamoussaxophoneplayer—USPresidentBillClinton—atthe"GalaforthePresident"concertinWashington,andtobreaktheworldrecordforplayingasinglenote(45minutesand47seconds!)attheJ&RMusicWorldStoreinNewYorkin1997.Duringthelast20years,KennyGhasplayedwithsuperstarslikeArethaFranklin,MichaelBoltonandWhitneyHouston,andhehassoldmorethan36millionalbumsworldwide...andhehasn'tsunganote!Task2:【答案】cdc【原文】Senn:Everybodyalwayshasthismisconceptionthatfemalepolicemendon'tdothesamethingasmendo,youknow.I'veworked..Interviewer:That'snottrue?Senn:Thatisnottrue!I'veworkedmyshareofgraveyardshifts,and,youknow,splitshifts,anddouble-backandnodaysoff,and...Interviewer:Uh-huh...Senn:...asmuchasthenextguy.There'snodistinctionusedifthere'samaleorfemaleofficer

onduty.

Twomenonduty—I'll

refertoastwomen,

’causeinmyfield

there'snodifferencebetweenthegenders.We'restillthesame.Okay,ifthere'stwomenonduty—justbecauseone'safemale,shestillgetsinonthesametypeofcall.Ifthere'sabardisturbancedowntown,thenwegotoo.There'sbeenmanytimeswherebeingtheonlyofficeronduty—that'sit!It’sjustmeandwhoeverelseisondutyinthecounty.TheycancomebackmeupifIneedassistance.Anditdoesgetalittlehairy.Yougointhere,andyouhavethesegreatbig,hugemonster-guys,andthey'rejustdrunkerthanskunks,andcan'tseethreefeetinfrontofthem.Andwhentheyseeyou,theyseefifteenpeople,andyouknow...Butstill,there'senough...Interviewer:That'swheretheuniformisimportant,Ishouldimagine.Senn:Sometimes,youknow.Ifsomebodyisgoingtotheyare

orhasabadday,andouttogetacop,youknow,itdoesn'tmatterifyou're,youknow,boy,girl,infantoranything!Whenyou'vegotthatcopuniformon,they'llstilltakeitoutonyou.Interviewer:Yeah...Senn:ButIthinkthere'soneadvantagetobeingafemalepoliceofficer.Andthatisthefactthatmostmenstillhavealittlerespect,andtheywon'tsmackyouaseasyastheywouldoneoftheguys.Interviewer:Uh-huh...Senn:ButI'lltellyouonethingI’veI'dlearnedratherdeal—withtendrunkmenthatonedrunkwomananydayoftheweek!Interviewer:Well,whyisthat?Senn:Becausewomenaresounpredictable.Youcannoteverpredictwhatawoman'sgoingtodo.Interviewer:Hmm...Senn:Especially,ifshe'sagitated,youknow.Interviewer:Emotionallyupset.Senn:Yeah.Isawaladyonetimejustgetmadattheguyshewaswithbecausehewouldn'tbuyheranotherdrink—takeoffherhighheelandlayhisheadwideopen.Yuch!Oh,theycanbesovicious,youknow.Task3:【答案】dbbb【原文】Youarewatchingafilminwhichtwomenarehavingafight.Theyhitoneanotherhard.Atthestarttheyonlyfightwiththeirfists.Butsoontheybeginhittingoneanotherovertheheadswithchairs.Andsoitgoesonuntiloneofthemencrashesthroughawindow—andfallsthirtyfeettothegroundbelow.Heisdead！Ofcourseheisn'treallydead.Withanyluckheisn'tevenhurt.Why?Becausethemenwhofalloutofhighwindowsorjumpfromfast-movingtrains,whocrashcarsofevencatchfire,areprofessionals.Theydothisforaliving.Thesemenarecalled“stuntmen”.Thatistosay,theyperform“tricks”.Therearetwosidestotheirwork.Theyactuallydomostofthethingsyouseeonthescreen.Forexample,theyfallfromahighbuilding.However,theydonotfallontohardgroundbutontoemptycardboardboxescoveredwithamattress.Again,whentheyhitoneanotherwithchairs,thechairsaremadeofsoftwoodandwhentheycrashthroughwindows,theglassismadeofsugar!Butalthoughtheirworkdependsontrickofthissort,italsorequiresahighdegreeofskillandtraining.Oftenastuntman’ssuccessdependsoncarefultiming.Forexample,whenheis"blownup"inabattlescene,hehastojumpoutofthewayoftheexplosionjustattherightmoment.Naturallystuntmenarewell-paidfortheirwork,buttheyleaddangerouslives.Theyoftengetseriouslyinjured,andsometimeskilled.ANorwegianstuntman,forexample,skiedovertheedgeofacliffathousandfeethigh.Hisparachutefailedtoopen—andhewaskilled.Inspiteofalltherisks,thisisnolongeraprofessionfor“menonly”.Mennolongerdressupaswomenwhenactresseshavetoperformsomedangerousaction.Fornowadaysthereare“stuntgirls！”tooTask4:【答案】Hestartedwritingpoetrywhenhewasabout14or15.Hehaspublishedfourbooks.Hisfirstbookcameoutwhenhewasabout26.Itwasn’teasy.Hegotalotofhisworkrejectedatfirst.TheBritish,oratleasttheEnglish,areembarrassedbyit.They’reembarrassedbypeoplewhorevealpersonalfeelings,emotions,thoughtsandwishes.【原文】WhenThomasEdisonwasborninthesmalltownofMilan,Ohio,in1847,Americawasjustbeginningitsgreatindustrialdevelopment.Inhislifetimeofeighty-fouryears,EdisonsharedintheexcitementofAmerica’sgrowthintoamnation.Thetimeinwhichhelivedwasanageofinvention,filledwithhumanandscientificadventures,andEdisonbecametheheroofthatage.Asaboy,Edisonwasnotagoodstudent.Hisparentstookhimoutofschoolandhismothertaughthimathome,wherehisgreatcuriosityanddesiretoexperimentoftengothimintotrouble.Whenhewassix,hesetfiretohisfather

“tosee

’whatwouldhappen.”Thebarnburneddown.Whenhewasten,Edisonbuilthisownchemistrylaboratory.Hesoldsandwichesandnewspapersonthetrainsinordertoearnmoneytobuysuppliesforhislaboratory.Hisparentsbecameaccustomed,moreorless,tohisexperimentsandtheexplosionswhichsometimesshookthehouse.Edison’worksasasalesboywiththerailroadintroducedhimtothetelegraphand,withafriend,hebuilthisowntelegraphset.Sixyearslater,in1869,EdisonarrivedinNewYorkCity,poorandindebt.Hewenttoworkwithatelegraphcompany.Itwastherethathebecameinterestedintheusesofelectricity.Task5:【答案】1815，1914，35millionI.villages，seaportdanger，longoceanvoyageanewland，anewlanguagefindingaplacetoliveII.abetterlife，opportunity，freedomIII.England,Germany,Russia,HungaryRomanCatholic,Jewishcustoms，languagesIV.Americanized，disappeared.B.haven'tdisappeared，customs，identitiesV.werecheated，prejudice，mistreatedhardest，least-paid，dirtiest，mostovercrowdedrejected，old-fashioned，ashamedovercome【原文】ThousandsofpeoplecametoAmericancitiesbeforeBlacksandPuertoRicansdid.Between1815and1914,morethan35millionEuropeanscrossedtheoceantofindnewhomesintheUnitedStates.Mostoftheseimmigrantswereordinarypeople.Fewwerefamouswhentheyarrived.Fewbecamefamousafterward.Mosthadlivedinsmallvillages.Fewhadeverbeenfaroutsidethem.MostofthemfacedthesamekindsofproblemsgettingtoAmerica:thehardshipofgoingfromtheirvillagestoaseaport,theunpleasantness—evendanger—ofthelongoceanvoyage,thestrangenessofanewland,andofanewlanguage,theproblemoffindingaplacetolive,offindingworkinanew,strangecountry.EveryimmigranthadhisownreasonsforcomingtoAmerica.Butnearlyallsharedonereason:Theyhopedforabetterlife.TheyconsideredAmericaaspecialplace,alandofopportunity,alandoffreedom.Immigrantscamefrommanydifferentcountries:England,Germany,Denmark,Finland[,Russia,Italy,Hungaryandmanyothers.Theycamewithmanydifferentreligions:RomanCatholic,Jewish,Quaker,GreekOrthodox.Theybroughtmanydifferentcustomsandmanylanguages.SomepeoplehavecalledtheUnitedStatesa"meltingpot".Afterimmigrantswerehereawhile—inthemeltingpot—theybecameAmericanized.Differenceswere"melteddown".Theygraduallydisappeared.Somepeoplesayno.Americaisn'tameltingpot.It'smorelikeasaladbowl.Importantdifferencesbetweengroupsofpeoplehaven'tdisappeared.Manygroupshavekepttheirownways,theircustoms,theiridentities,andthishasgivenAmericagreatstrength.Meltingpot?Saladbowl?Perhapsthere'ssometrothtobothideas.Inanycase,lifeinAmericawashardformostimmigrants—especiallyatfirst.Oftentheywerecheated.Oftentheymetwithprejudice.Theywereoftenlaughedat,evenmistreated,bypeoplewhothemselveshadbeenimmigrants.MostofthemsoonfoundthatthestreetsofAmericaweren'tpavedwithgold.Theyusuallygotthehardestjobs,andthosethatpaidtheleast,thedirtiestplacestolivein,themostovercrowdedtenements.Theycametobecitizensofanewcountry;butoftentheyfeltlikepeoplewithoutacountry.Theyhadgivenuptheirown,buttheydidn'tunderstandtheirnewone.Theydidn'treallyfeelapartofit.Andthepeopleofthenewonedidn'talwayswelcomethem.Theycameforthesakeoftheirchildren,butinAmericatheirchildrenoftenrejectedthem.Tothechildren,theirparentsseemedold-fashioned.Theydidn'tlearnthenewlanguagequickly.Somedidn'tlearnitatall.Theirparents'customsmadechildrenashamed.Gradually,however,problemswereovercome.Formostimmigrants,lifeinAmericawasbetter.Itcertainlywasbetterfortheirchildrenandfortheirgrandchildren.Task6:【答案】A.TheLifeStoryofThomasEdisonOhio，1847，industrialdevelopment,1931,amodernnationI.curiosity，desire1857，stationmaster’sson1863II.NewYorkCity，electricity，reportthepricesNewJersey，invented，producedorganizedindustrialresearch18771879III.1,000motion-picturemachinephotographystreetcars，electrictrainsIV.turnoffallpowertheprogressofmanB.FFTTF【原文】WhenThomasEdisonwasborninthesmalltownofMilan,Ohio,in1847,Americawasjustbeginningitsgreatindustrialdevelopment.Thetimeinwhichhelivedwasanageofinvention,filledwithhumanandscientificadventures,andEdisonbecametheheroofthatage.Asaboy,Edisonwasnotagoodstudent.Hisparentstookhimoutofschoolandhismothertaughthimathome,wherehisgreatcuriosityanddesiretoexperimentoftengothimintotrouble.Whenhewasten,Edisonbuilthisownchemistrylaboratory.Hesoldsandwichesandnewspapersonthelocaltrainsinordertoearnmoneytobuysuppliesforhislaboratory.Hisparentsbecameaccustomed,moreorless,tohisexperimentsandtheexplosionswhichsometimesshookthehouse.Edison’sworkasasalesboywiththerailroadintroducedhimtothetelegraphandwithafriend,hebuilthisowntelegraphset.HetaughthimselftheMorsetelegraphiccodeandhopedforthechancetobecomeaprofessionaltelegraphoperator.AstrokeofluckandEdison'squickthinkingsoonprovidedtheopportunity.Oneday,asyoungEdisonstoodwaitingforatraintoarrive,hesawthestationmaster'ssotwanderintothetrackofanapproachingtrain.Edisonrushedoutandcarriedtheboytosafety.ThethankfulstationmasterofferedtoteachEdisonrailwaytelegraphy.Afterwards,in1863,hebecametanexperttelegraphoperatorandlefthometoworkinvariouscities.Sixyearslater,in1869,EdisonarrivedinNewYorkCity,poorandindebt.Hewenttoworkwithatelegraphcompany.Itwastherethathebecameinterestedintheusesofelectricity.Atthattimeelectricitywasstillintheexperimentalstages,andEdisonhopedtoinventnewwaystouseitforthebenefitofpeople.Asheoncesaid:"Myphilosophyoflifeiswork.Iwanttobringoutthesecretsof,natureandapplythemforthehappinessofman.Iknowofnobetterservicetorenderfortheshorttimeweareinthisworld."Thesameyear,whenhewasonly22yearsold,Edisoninventedanimprovedticker-tapemachinewhichcouldbetterreportthepricesontheNewYorkMarket.Theticker-tapemachinewassuccessful,andEdisondecidedtoleavehisjobandconcentratewhollyoninventing.Whenthepresidentofthetelegraphcompanyaskedhowmuchtheyowedhimforhisinvention,Edisonwasreadytoacceptonly$3,000.Cautiouslyhesaid:"Supposeyoumakemeanoffer.""Howwould$40,000strikeyou?"thepresidentinquired.Edisonalmostfainted,buthefinallyrepliedthatthepricewasfair.Withthismoney,andnowcallinghimselfanelectricalengineer,Edisonformedhisown"inventionfactory"inNewark,NewJersey.Overthenextfewyearsheinventedandproducedmanynewitems,includingthemimeographmachine,waxwrappingpaper,andimprovementsofthetelegraph.In1877Edisondecidedhecouldnolongercontinuebothmanufacturingandinventing.HesoldhisshareinthefactoryandbuiltanewlaboratoryinMenloPark,NewJersey.Itwasthefirstlaboratoryofitskinddevotedtoorganizedindustrialresearch.OneofthefirstinventionstocomefromhisnewlaboratorywasanimprovementofAlexanderBell'stelephone.Edisoninventedamorepowerfulmouthpiecewhichremovedtheneedtoshoutintothetelephone.Buthisgreatinventionswerestilltocome.OnAugust12,1877,Edisonbeganexperimentingwithaninstrumentwhichhehaddesignedandorderedtobebuilt.Itwasacylinder,wrappedintinfoilandturnedbyahandle.Asitrevolved,aneedlemadeagrooveinthefoil.Turningthehandle,Edisonbegantoshout."MaryhadalittlelambWhosefleecewaswhiteassnow!"Hestoppedandmovedtheneedlebackinthestartingposition.Then,puttinghisearclosetotheneedle,heturnedthehandleagain.Avoicecameoutofthemachine:"Maryhadalittlelamb,Whosefleecewaswhiteassnow!"Edisonhadjustinventedthephonograph,acompletelynewconcept:atalkingmachine.Whilehewasperfectinghisphonograph,Edisonalsoworkedonanotherinvention.Hecalledit"anElectricLampforGivingLightbyIncandescence".Todaywecallitthelightbulb.Foryearsotherinventorshadexperimentedwithelectriclights,butnoneofthelightshadproveneconomicaltoproduce.Edison,instudyingtheproblem,spentoverayearexperimenting.Hetested1,600materials(evenhairsfromafriend'sbeard)toseeiftheywouldcarryelectriccurrentandglow.Finally,onOctober21,1879,hetriedpassingelectricitythroughacarbonizedcottonthreadinavacuumglassbulb.InhisownwordsEdisondescribedtheexperiment:"...beforenightfallthecarbonwascompletedandinsertedinthelamp.Thebulbwasexhaustedofairandsealed,thecurrentturnedon,andthesightwehadsolongdesiredtoseemetoureyes."Thelampgaveoffafeeble,reddishglow,anditcontinuedtobumfor40hours.Edison'sincredibleinventionprovedthatelectriclightingwouldbethefuturelightoftheworld.Edisonwasnowsofamousasaninventorthatpeoplethoughttherewasnothinghecouldnotdo.Theybegantocallhim"thewizard",asifhecouldproduceaninventionlikemagic.FewpeoplerealizedhowhardEdisonworked,often20hoursaday,andthatmostofhisinventionsweretheresultsofhundredsofexperiments.For60yearsEdisonwastheworld'sleadinginventor.Hepatentedover1,000inventionswhichchangedourwayofliving.Hewasoneoftheearliestinventorsofthemotion-picturemachine.Hisinventionofthephonographwasjoinedwithphotographytoproducetalkingpictures.Healsoperfectedtheelectricmotorwhichmadestreetcarsandelectrictrainspossible.ItisnowonderthatEdisonreceivedmanyhonorsduringhislifeforcontributionstotheprogressofmankind.TheUnitedStatesgavehimitshighestaward,aspecialCongressionalMedalofHonor.Yet,inspiteofallhisfame,Edisonremainedamodestman.Hepreferredtocontinuehiswork,ratherthanrestonhisachievements.Hismottowas:"Ifindwhattheworldneeds;thenIgoaheadandtrytoinventit."Heneverconsideredhimselfabrilliantmanandonceremarkedthatgeniuswas"2percentinspirationand98percentperspiration".WhenEdisondiedin1931,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeoplemmoffallpowerintheirhomes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonorofthisgreatman.Ofcourse,itwasquicklyrealizedthatsuchanhonorwouldbeimpossible.ItsimpossibilitywasindeedtherealtributetoEdison'sachievements.ElectricpowerhadbecomesoimportantandvitalapartofAmerica'slifethatacompleteshut-downforevenafewsecondswouldhavecreatedchaos.As"oneofthegreatheroesofinvention",EdisonrightfullybelongsamongAmerica'sandtheworld'sgreatcontributorstotheprogressofman.Task7:【答案】A.cadccaB.That’sbecausetheexplosionrobsthefireofoxygen.Oncethefireisout,thewellstillneedstobecovered,orcapped,tostoptheflowofoil.Thisisthemostdangerouspartoftheprocess.Anynewheatorfirecouldcausetheleakingwellandthesurroundingareatoexplode.InMarchof1991,RedAdairwenttoKuwait.Heandhiscrewswerecalledintohelpputoutoilwellfires.Hehasspenthis76thbirthdayinKuwaitworkingsidebysidewithhiscrew.Athisfuneral,manyfamilymembersandfriendshonoredhimbywearingredclothes.【原文】PaulNealAdairwasborninHouston,Texasinnineteenfifteen.Hewasoneoffivesonsofametalworker.Healsohadthreesisters.Whilegrowingup,hebecameknownasRedAdairbecausehishairwasbrightred.ThecolorbecameatrademarkforAdair.Heworeredclothesandredboots.Hedrovearedcar,andhiscrewmembersusedredtrucksandredequipment.DuringWorldWarTwo,Adairservedonatrainedarmyteamthatremovedanddestroyedbombs.Afterthewar,hereturnedtoHoustonandtookajobwithMyronKinley.Atthetime,Kinleywastheleaderinputtingoutfiresinoilwells.RedAdairworkedwithMyronKinleyforfourteenyears.Butinnineteenfifty-nine,Adairstartedhisowncompany.Duringhisthirty-sixyearsinbusiness,RedAdairandhiscrewsbattledmorethantwothousandfiresallovertheworld.Somewereonland.Otherswereonoceanoil-drillingstructures.Somefireswereinburningoilwells.Otherswereinnaturalgaswells.RedAdairwasaleaderinaspecializedandextremelydangerousprofession.Puttingoutoilwellfirescanbedifficult.Thisisbecauseoilwellfiresareextinguished,orputout,atthewellheadjustaboveground.Normally,explosivesareusedtostopthefirefromburning.Theexplosionrobsthefireofoxygen.But,oncethefireisout,thewellstillneedstobecovered,orcapped,tostoptheflowofoil.Thisisthemostdangerouspartoftheprocess.Anynewheatorfirecouldcausetheleakingwellandthesurroundingareatoexplode.RedAdairdevelopedmodernmethodstoextinguishandcoverburningoilwells.TheybecameknownintheindustryasWildWellControltechniques.Inadditiontoexplosives,thetechniquesinvolvedlargeamountsofwateranddirt.Adairalsodevelopedspecialequipmentmadeofbronzemetaltohelpextinguishoilwellfires.ThemoderntoolsandhisWildWellControltechniquesearnedRedAdairandhiscrewsthehonorofbeingcalledthe"bestinthebusiness."RedAdairwasknownfornotbeingafraid.Hewasalsoknownforhissenseofcalmandsafety.Noneofhisworkerswereeverkilledwhileputtingoutoilwellorgasfires.Hedescribedhisworkthisway:“Itscaresyouallthe—noise,therattling,theshaking.Butthelookoneveryone'sface,whenyouarefinishedandpacking,itisthebestsmileintheworld;andthereisnobodyhurt,andthewellisundercontrol.”O(jiān)neofRedAdair'smostimportantprojectswasinnineteensixty-two.HeandhiscrewputoutanaturalgasfireintheSaharaDesertinAlgeria.Thefirehadbeenburningforsixmonths.Thisfamousfirewascalledthe"Devil'sCigaretteLighter."Firefromthenaturalgaswellshotaboutonehundredfortymetersintotheair.ThefirewassobigthatAmericanastronautJohnGlenncouldseeitfromspaceasheorbitedEarth.Thedesertsandaroundthewellhadmeltedintoglassfromtheextremeheat.NewsreportssaidAdairusedaboutthreehundredfortykilogramsofnitroglycerineexplosivematerialtopulltheoxygenoutofthefire.Adair'ssuccesswiththe"Devil'sCigaretteLighter"andearlierwellfirescapturedtheimaginationoftheAmericanfilmindustry.Innineteensixty-eight,HollywoodmadeanactionfilmcalledHellfighters.ItwaslooselybasedoneventsinRedAdair'slife.ActorJohnWayneplayedanoilwellfirefighterfromHouston,TexaswhoselifewassimilartoAdair's.AdairservedasanadvisortoWaynewhilethefilmwasbeingmade.Thetwomenbecameclosefriends.AdairsaidoneofthebesthonorsintheworldwastohaveJohnWayneplayhiminamovie.Innineteeneighty-eight,Adairfoughtwhatwaspossiblytheworld'sworstoff-shoreaccident.ItwasatthePiperAlphadrillingstructureintheNorthSea.OccidentalPetroleumoperatedthestructureoffthecoastofScotland.Thestructureproducedoilandgasfromtwenty-fourwells.Onehundredsixty-sevenmenwerekilledwhenthestructureexplodedafteragasleak.RedAdairhadtostopthefiresandcapthewells.Hefacedwindsblowingmorethanonehundredtwentykilometersanhour,andoceanwavesatleasttwentymetershigh.InMarchofnineteenninety-one,RedAdairwenttoKuwaitfollowingthePersianGulfWar.HeandhiscrewswerecalledintohelpputoutfiressetbytheIraqiarmy.TheRedAdairCompanycappedmorethanonehundredwells.Hiscrewswereamongtwenty-seventeamsfromsixteencountriescalledintofightthefires.Thecrews'effortsputoutaboutsevenhundredKuwaitifires.Theireffortssavedmillionsofbarrelsofoil.Someexpertssaytheoperationalsohelpedpreventanenvironmentaltragedy.Thejobhadbeenexpectedtotakethreetofiveyears.However,itwascompletedinjusteightmonths.RedAdairhadspenthisseventy-sixthbirthdayinKuwaitworkingsidebysidewithhiscrew.Whenaskedwhenhemightretire,hetoldreporters:"Retire?Idonotknowwhatthatwordmeans.Aslongasamanisabletowork,andheisproductiveoutthereandhefeelsgood—keepatit."Still,RedAdairfinallydidretireinnineteenninety-four.Atthattime,hejokedaboutwherehewouldendupwhenhedied.HesaidhehopedtobeinHeaven.ButhesaidthisaboutHell:"Ihavemadeadealwiththedevil.Hesaidheisgoingtogivemeanair-conditionedplacewhenIgodownthere—ifIgothere—soIwon'tputallthefiresout."RedAdairdiedintwothousandfour.Hewaseighty-nineyearsold.Athisfuneral,manyfamilymembersandfriendshonoredhimbywearingredclothes.ManyAmericansrememberRedAdairforhisbravery.Helivedhislifeontheedgeofdanger.Hewasknownforhiswillingnesstoriskhisownlifetosaveothers.Task8:【答案】A.ShewasborninNewYorkCityin1884.Aftershefinishedschool,EleanorbeganteachingchildrentoreadinoneofthepoorestareasofNewYorkCity.Sheinvestigatedfactorieswhereworkersweresaidtobebadlytreated.Shebecameinvolvedwithotherwomenwhosharedthesameideasaboutimprovingsocialconditions.Shedecidedshewouldnolongerplaythepartofapolitician'swife.Instead,shebegantobuildalifewithinterestsofherown.FranklinRooseveltwaselectedpresidentin1932.HisneweconomicprogramwascalledtheNewDeal.Shewasdifferentfromthewivesofearlierpresidentsinthatshewasthefirsttobecomeactiveinpoliticalandsocialissues.Shepubliclyresignedhermembershiptoprotesttheactionofthegroup.Shespentthelastyearsofherlifevisitingforeigncountries.ShebecameAmerica'sunofficialambassador.ShecalledonAmericanstohelpthepeopleindevelopingcountries.B.FTT【原文】EleanorRooseveltwasthewifeofAmerica'sthirty-secondpresident,FranklinDelanoRoosevelt.Shehelpedherhusbandinmanywaysduringhislongpoliticallife.ShealsobecameoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinAmerica.Shefoughtforequalrightsforallpeople--workers,women,poorpeople,blackpeople.Andshesoughtpeaceamongnations.AnnaEleanorRooseveltwasborninNewYorkCityineighteeneighty-four.Eleanor'sfamilyhadgreatwealthandinfluence.Whenshewaseightyearsold,hermotherdied.Twoyearslater,herfatherdied.ItwasEleanor'sgrandmotherwhoraisedtheRooseveltchildren.Aftershefinishedschool,EleanorbeganteachingchildrentoreadinoneofthepoorestareasofNewYorkCity,called"Hell'sKitchen."Sheinvestigatedfactorieswhereworkersweresaidtobebadlytreated.Shesawlittlechildrenoffourandfiveyearsoldworkinguntiltheydroppedtothefloor.Shebecameinvolvedwithotherwomenwhosharedthesameideasaboutimprovingsocialconditions.FranklinRooseveltbeganvisitingEleanor.FranklinbelongedtoanotherpartoftheRooseveltfamily.FranklinandEleanorweremarriedinnineteen-oh-five.Inthenextelevenyears,theyhadsixchildren.FranklinRooseveltbeganhislifeinpoliticsinNewYork.Hewaselectedtobeastatelegislator.Later,PresidentWoodrowWilsonappointedhimtobeassistantsecretaryoftheNavy.TheRooseveltsmovedtoWashingtoninnineteenthirteen.Itwasthere,afterthirteenyearsofmarriage,thatEleanorRooseveltwentthroughoneofthehardestperiodsofherlife.Shediscoveredthatherhusbandhadfalleninlovewithanotherwoman.Shewantedtoendthemarriage.Butherhusbandurgedhertoremainhiswife.Shedid.Yetherrelationshipwithherhusbandchanged.Shedecidedshewouldnolongerplaythepartofapolitician'swife.Instead,shebegantobuildalifewithinterestsofherown.EleanorRooseveltlearnedaboutpoliticsandbecameinvolvedinissuesandgroupsthatinterestedher.Innineteentwenty-two,shebecamepartoftheWomen'sTradeUnionLeague.Shealsojoinedthedebateaboutwaystostopwar.InthoseyearsafterWorldWarOne,shearguedthatAmericamustbeinvolvedintheworldtopreventanotherwar."Peaceisthequestionofthehour,"sheoncetoldagroupofwomen."Womenmustworkforpeacetokeepfromlosingtheirlovedones."ThequestionofwarandpeacewasforgottenastheUnitedStatesenteredasevereeconomicdepressioninnineteentwenty-nine.PricessuddenlydroppedontheNewYorkstockmarket.Bankslosttheirmoney.Peoplelosttheirjobs.FranklinRooseveltwaselectedpresidentinnineteenthirty-two.HepromisedtoendtheDepressionandputAmericansbacktowork.Mrs.Roosevelthelpedherhusbandbyspreadinginformationabouthisneweconomicprogram.ItwascalledtheNewDeal.Shetraveledaroundthecountrygivingspeechesandvisitingareasthatneededeconomicaid.EleanorRooseveltwasdifferentfromthewivesofearlierpresidents.Shewasthefirsttobecomeactiveinpoliticalandsocialissues.Whileherhusbandwaspresident,MissusRooseveltheldmorethanthreehundrednewsconferencesforfemalereporters.Shewroteadailynewspapercommentary.Shewroteformanymagazines.TheseactivitieshelpedspreadherideastoallAmericansandshowedthatwomenhadimportantthingstosay.OneissueEleanorRooseveltbecameinvolvedinwasequalrightsforblackAmericans.Shemetpubliclywithblackleaderstoheartheirproblems.FewAmericanpoliticiansdidthisduringthenineteenthirtiesandnineteenforties.OneincidentinvolvingEleanorRooseveltbecameinternationalnews.Innineteenthirty-nine,anAmericansinger,MarianAnderson,plannedaperformanceatConstitutionHallinWashington.Butaconservativewomen'sgrouprefusedtopermithertosingtherebecauseshewasblack.MissusRooseveltwasamemberofthatorganization,theDaughtersoftheAmericanRevolution.Shepubliclyresignedhermembershiptoprotesttheactionofthegroup.AnopinionstudyshowedthatmostAmericansthoughtshewasright.EleanorRoosevelthelpedtheperformancetobeheldoutdoors,aroundtheLincolnMemorial.MorethanseventythousandpeopleheardMarianAndersonsing.EleanorRooseveltwasalwaysconsideredoneofitsstrongestsupportersofthecivilrightsmovement.TheUnitedStateswasforcedtoenterWorldWarTwowhenJapaneseforcesattackedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor,Hawaiiinnineteenforty-one.MissusRooseveltmademanyspeechesovertheradiopraisingthesoldiersshesawonhertravels.Shecalledonpeopletourgetheirgovernmenttoworkforpeaceafterthewarwasover.FranklinRooseveltdiedinnineteenforty-five,soonafterhewaselectedtoafourthtermaspresident.Whenhiswifeheardthenewsshesaid:"IammoresorryforthepeopleofthiscountrythanIamformyself."HarryTrumanbecamepresidentafterFranklinRooseveltdied.WorldWarTwoendedafewmonthslater.Theleadersoftheworldrecognizedtheneedforpeace.SotheyjoinedtogethertoformtheUnitedNations.PresidentTrumanappointedMissusRooseveltasadelegatetothefirstmeetingoftheUN.EleanorRooseveltspentthelastyearsofherlifevisitingforeigncountries.ShebecameAmerica'sunofficialambassador.Shereturnedhometroubledbywhatshesaw.Sherecognizedthattheneedsofthedevelopingworldweregreat.ShecalledonAmericanstohelpthepeopleindevelopingcountries.EleanorRooseveltgavethebestshehadallthroughherlife.Peoplearoundtheworldrecognizedtheirlosswhenshediedinnineteensixty-two.Unit2Task1:【答案】June5th，theUnitedNations，1972，worldleadersandcitizenshowtoprotecttheenvironment，SanFrancisco,California，"PlanthePlanet"，"GreenCities"，mostpeoplenowlive，morethan75percent，theformervicepresident，musicconcerts，parades，treeplantings，representativesfrommanyenvironmentalorganizations【原文】EveryyearonJunefifthmanycountriescelebrateWorldEnvironmentDay.TheUnitedNationsestablishedthisspecialdayinnineteenseventy-twotogetpeopletothinkabouttakingcareoftheplanet.FaithLapidustellsusmore.“PubliceventsforWorldEnvironmentDayaretakingplacefromJunefirstthroughJunefifth.Theeventsandconferenceshelpteachworldleadersandcitizenshowtoprotecttheenvironment.“EveryyearWorldEnvironmentDayiscelebratedinadifferentcity.ThisyearitisbeingheldinSanFrancisco,California.ThisisthefirsttimesincethebeginningofWorldEnvironmentDaythattheconferenceisbeingheldintheUnitedStates.ThemainmessageofWorldEnvironmentDaythisyearis

‘PlanforthePlanetandconferenceswillshowhowtohave‘GreenCitiestalkaboutwaysthatcitiescanhavehealthyenvironments.

’.Thismeansthatpeop“Mostpeopleintheworldliveincities.Thismakesthemespeciallyimportantareasofenvironmentalconcern.Citiesusemorethanseventy-fivepercentoftheworld'snaturalresourcessuchaswaterandgasoline.WorldEnvironmentDaywillcenteronhowpeopleincitiescanworktogethertohelpsavetheplanet.“SanFranciscoisholdingpublictalkstodiscusspollutionreduction,cleanenergysourcesandtheimportanceofhealthyparksandgardens.Specialexpertsareamongthespeakers.Forexample,