【衍生詞匯】

Unit2Besportybehealthy單元考點歸納1．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣告，宣布；通知→announcementn2．congratulatevt.祝賀，恭喜→congratulationn．祝賀，恭喜，賀辭3．equipvt.裝備，配備→equipmentn．裝備，配備，設(shè)備injurevt.&vi.傷害，損傷→injuryn．傷害，損傷tendvi.&vt.往往會，趨向；照看→tendencyn．傾向，趨勢【一詞多義】assumevt.假定，認(rèn)為；承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)①Letusassumeforamomentthattheplansucceeds. 假定②Itisreasonabletoassume(that)theeconomywillcontinuetoimprove.認(rèn)為③Thecourtassumedresponsibilityforthegirl'swelfare. 承擔(dān)④Thismatterhasassumedveryimportance. 呈現(xiàn)averagenadj.平均的；普通的，一般的；典型的①Theaveragepriceofgoodsrosebyjust2.2%. 平均的Ittakesanaverageoftenweeksforahousesaletobecompleted. 平均值③Iwasjustanaveragesortofstudent. 一般的，普通的④Fortyhoursisafairlyaverageworkingweekformostpeople. 典型的tendvi.vt.照看①WhenI'mtired,Itendtomakemistakes.②Priceshavetendeddownwardsoverrecentyears.③Wesawashepherdtendinghissheep.

往往會【核心詞匯短語用法歸納】admitvt.&vi.承認(rèn)；招認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；準(zhǔn)許加入(P25)Afterthefirstclass,however,IhadtoadmitthatIhadbeenwrongabouttaichi.然而，第一節(jié)太極課后我不得不承認(rèn)我錯了[例1] Youmustadmitthetasktobedifficult.你們得承認(rèn)任務(wù)是艱巨的。[例2] Itwasgenerallyadmittedthatthegovernmenthadactedtooquickly.普遍認(rèn)為，政府行動過急。[造句] 我永不會忘記入黨的那一天。IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIwasadmittedinto/tothe[歸納拓展](1)admitdoing/havingdone/that...admitsb./sth.tobe(2)beadmittedto(3)admissionn.[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空

承認(rèn)……承認(rèn)某人/某物是……被接納進(jìn)入；被錄取到……準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；入場費；承認(rèn)①Noonecangettheadmission(admit)tothemuseumwithoutaticket.②Danaadmittedfeeling(feel)hurtbywhatIhadsaid.③Themanadmitted(admit)havingstolentheoldcomputer.④Hissonwasadmitted(admit)toakeyuniversity.announcevt.宣告，宣布；通知(P20)WearehappytoannouncethattheCommunitySportsCentresoonbeopentothepubliconceagain!大眾再次開放！[例1]Wearepleasedtoannouncethatallfiveplayersweresuccessful.我們高興地宣布5位運動員都成功了。[例2]ItwasannouncedthatTuYouyouwasthefirstChinesetowinthePrizeinMedicine.據(jù)宣布，屠呦呦是第一位獲得諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎的中國人。[造句] 門鈴一響就知道是杰克到了。AringatthedoorbellannouncedJack's[歸納拓展](1)announcevt.announcesth.tosb.announcethat...Itisannouncedthat...(2)announcementn.makeanannouncement[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空

宣布；通告向某人宣告某事宣布……據(jù)宣布……宣布；通告；聲明下通知；宣布①Theleaderismakinganimportantannouncement(announce)atthemoment.②Itwasannounced(announce)thatnewspeedrestrictionswouldbeintroduced.③Thegovernmentyesterdayannouncedtothemediathatitplanstocreatemillionnewjobs.④Shemadeanannouncementaftertalkswiththepresident.assume定，認(rèn)為；承擔(dān)(責(zé)任)(peopleassumethatregularexercisedoeswondersforyourandmind―butwhatexactlyareitshealthbenefits?大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為經(jīng)常鍛煉對身心有奇效，但它對健康究竟有什么好處呢？[例1] Inartcriticism，youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagewithinthework.在藝術(shù)評論中，你得假設(shè)藝術(shù)家有一個秘密的信息隱藏在作品中。[例2] Theyassumedher(tobe)thebestsingeroftheirtime.他們認(rèn)為她是他們那個時代最好的歌唱家。[造句]Itisassumedthatthisisthebestpossiblesolution.[歸納拓展](1)assumev．a(chǎn)ssumesb./sth.(tobe)＋adj./n.

假定；設(shè)想；承擔(dān)；假裝假定/認(rèn)為某人/某事(為ItItisassumedthat...assuming(that)...(2)assumptionn.ontheassumptionthat...makeanassumption人們認(rèn)為……假設(shè)……假定，假設(shè)假定……作出假設(shè)[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空①Yourargumentisbasedonacompletelyfalseassumption(assume)．②Itisgenerallyassumed(assume)thatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.③AsfarasI'mgreatmanypeoplemadeanassumptionthatheright.④Weareworkingontheassumptionthateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.averageadj.平均的，普通的，平常的n．平均數(shù)，平均水平v．計算出……的平均數(shù)(general,youshouldhaveyourmealanaverageof1.5to2.5beforeexercising.一般來說，你應(yīng)該在用餐平均1.5到2.5小時后再進(jìn)行鍛煉。[例1] Freddywasanaveragestudent，butnotanaverageperson.弗雷德是一個普通的學(xué)生，但不是個普通人。[例2] Theaverageof4，5and9is4、5、9三個數(shù)的平均數(shù)是6。[造句] 我們平均每天接到二十個電話。Wereceived20callsadayonaverage.[歸納拓展]onaverageabove/below(the)averageupto(the)averageanaverageof...[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空

平均起來在平均水平以上/以下達(dá)到平均水平平均有(后跟數(shù)詞)①Heisworkinghardandhisgradeisabovetheaverageinhisclass.②Onaverage，mensmokemorecigarettesthanwomen.③Theageofthecandidatesrangedfrom29to49withanaverageageof37.④Theaverageageoftheboysinthisclassis(be)fifteen.congratulationn．祝賀，恭喜(wanttostartdoingexercise？Congratulations!嗎？祝賀你！[例1] Pleasegivehimmycongratulationswhenyouseehim.請見到他時轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)我的祝賀。[例2] Congratulationsonyourexamresults!祝賀你考出了好成績！[造句] 恭喜你在英語考試中取得成功。[歸納拓展][歸納拓展](1)congratulationn．congratulationstosb.onsth.祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞為某事向某人祝賀offer/expressone'scongratulationstosb.向某人表示祝賀(2)congratulatevt.congratulatesb.onsth.祝賀為某事向某人祝賀[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空①Congratulateyouonpassing(pass)thedrivingexam.②—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—Congratulations(congratulate)！That'sgoodnews.③IwouldliketoexpressmycongratulationstoyouonyourreceivingtheprizeofChinesespeechcontest.④HehaspassedtheexamandI'llexpressmycongratulations(congratulation)tohim.[明辨異同] congratulate，celebratecongratulate congratulate 意為“祝賀”，是用語言表達(dá)祝賀之意，其賓語是人；若要表明所祝賀的事情，后面用介詞賀的事情，后面用介詞on連接，即congratulatesb.onsth.。意為“慶祝，慶賀”，指舉行盛大、隆重的儀式來慶?；蚣o(jì)念有意義celebrate的日子或事件。常用表示節(jié)日、勝利、成功等的名詞作賓語。[小片段填空]Anoldcoupleis①celebratingtheir20thweddinganniversary.IthinkIshouldoffermy②congratulationstothem，soIcomeupand③congratulatethemontheirmarriage.Muchtomyjoy,theyacceptedmysincere④congratulationshappily.(celebrate/congratulate)equipmentn．配備，裝備(教材P17)Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.為防止軟組織受傷，請確保鍛煉時穿著合適的衣服和裝備。[例1] Whatkindofequipmentshouldyouuse?你應(yīng)該使用哪種設(shè)備呢？[例2] Theequipmentofthestudiowasexpensive.這個工作室的裝備花費巨大。[造句] 他們需要用到的設(shè)備是否已經(jīng)到位？Dotheyhavetheequipmentthey[歸納拓展](1)equipmentn．a(chǎn)pieceofequipment(2)equipvt.equip...with...equipsb.for(doing)sth.[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空

[U]設(shè)備；裝備一件設(shè)備裝備；使有能力用……裝備……使某人為(做)某事而準(zhǔn)備，使某人具備做某事的條件①Youmusttrytoequipyourselfwithenoughknowledge.②Alotofnewequipmenthasbeensent(send)tothatareasofar.③Thecompanyhasdecidedtobuysomemodernequipment(equip)．④Equipped(equip)withsometools，thefarmerswalkedintothemountain.[小片段填空]Thecourseisdesignedto①equipstudentsforgoingcamping，sotheboys②equippedthemselveswithfoodandwaterandthensetoff. ③Equippedwithmodern④equipment,theboysheadedfortheforesthappily.(equip)hesitate

豫；躊躇(myfriendfirstsuggestedthatwejointhenewTaiChiClubschool,Ihesitated.當(dāng)朋友第一次建議我們加入學(xué)校的太極拳俱樂部時，我猶豫不決[例1] Still，shehesitated.Shedidn'tthinksheknewitwellenough.她仍舊在猶豫。她認(rèn)為自己對它了解的不夠。[例2] Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestofclasswoulddo.幾個學(xué)生猶豫著要不要開始，他們等著看其他同學(xué)怎么做。[造句] 我毫不猶豫地接受了那份工作。Ididn'thesitateforamomentabouttakingthe[歸納拓展](1)hesitatetodosth.hesitateabout/in/at/over(2)hesitationn.withouthesitationhavenohesitationindoing[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空

猶豫做某事對……躊躇；猶豫毫不猶豫地毫不猶豫地做某事①He jumped into the river to save the drowning child hesitation(hesitate)．②Ifyouhavequestions,don'thesitatetoask(ask)usforhelp.③IhesitatedabouttakinghissideuntilIknewthewholestory.④Hehadnohesitationinaccepting(accept)theinvitation.inspirevt.激勵，鼓舞；啟發(fā)思考；使產(chǎn)生(教材P25)Justasimportantly,practicingtaichi hasinspiredmetoexploreChineseculturebehindit.跟練太極同等重要的是，它激勵我去探索太極背后的中國文化。[例1] Weneedsomeonewhocaninspiretheteam.我們需要一位能激勵團(tuán)隊的人。[例2] Theactorshopetoinspirethechildrentoworkhardfortheirdreams.這些演員希望鼓舞孩子們?yōu)榱藟粝攵W(xué)習(xí)。[造句] 我們應(yīng)啟發(fā)兒童思考。Weshouldinspirethechildrento[歸納拓展](1)inspiresb.todoinspiresb.withsth.(2)inspiredadj.inspiringadj.(3)inspirationn.[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空

激勵某人去做某事使產(chǎn)生(某種感覺或情感)受鼓舞的，受啟發(fā)的鼓舞人心的，啟發(fā)人心的靈感，啟發(fā)①Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotake(take)upthesport.②Shewasaverystrong,impressivecharacterandoneofthemostinspiring(inspire)peopleI'veevermet.③Hearingtheinspiring(inspire)news，thechildrenjumpedwithjoy.④Hisspeechreallymadethepeoplepresentfeelinspired(inspire)．lackn．&vi.&vt.缺乏，短缺；沒有，不足(P19)Othersworkoutforhoursattheweekendtomakeupfortheirlackofexerciseduringtheweekdays.乏的鍛煉。[例1]Hesaidtherewasnolackofthingsforthemtotalkabout.他說他們不缺話題談。[例2]Despitehislackofexperience,hegotthejob.盡管缺乏經(jīng)驗，他還是得到了那份工作。[造句] 他缺乏信心。Helacksconfidence.[[歸納拓展](1)forlackof(2)belacking(3)lackforsth.(4)alackof由于缺少……缺少……沒有……，缺少缺乏……[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空①Theboydidn'tgotoschoolforlackofmoney.②Lacking(lack)inmoney，theboydidn'tgotoschool.③Shelacks/lacked(lack)themoneytobuynewshoes.④Youcan'tbesuccessfulwhenthereisalackoftrustinarelationship.makeupfor彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償(todrinkthroughoutexercisetomakeupforwaterlostsweat.記住運動時全程都要喝水，以彌補(bǔ)因出汗流失的水分。[例1] Payincreaseswillnotalwaysmakeupforpoorworkingconditions.工資的增長并不總能夠彌補(bǔ)惡劣的工作環(huán)境的不足。[例2] ButImadeupforitintheevening.可是到了晚上我就補(bǔ)回來了。[造句] 她決定更加努力工作，把失去的時間補(bǔ)回來。Shedecidedtoworkhardertomakeupforthelost[歸納拓展]makeupbemadeupmakeitmakeout

構(gòu)成，組成；占；鋪床；化妝；彌補(bǔ)；和解；編造由……組成準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)；獲得成功分辨；理解，明白makeamakeadifference有影響，起作用[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空①Icouldjustmakeoutafigureinthedarkness.②I'msorryIwon'tbeabletomakeit．③Thegroupmade(make)upofthirtygirlsisverypopularhere.preventvt.阻止，阻礙(教材P17)Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.為防止軟組織受傷，請確保鍛煉時穿著合適的衣服和裝備。[例1] Werecognizedthepossibilityandtookstepstopreventithappening.我們意識到了這種可能性，并且采取了一些預(yù)防措施阻止它發(fā)生。[例2] Nothingwouldpreventagainstinjustice.什么都不能阻止鳴不平。[造句] 這次事故本來是可以防止的。[歸納拓展][歸納拓展]prevent...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事stopsb./sth.fromdoingsb./sth.fromdoingsth.，from不可以省略。注意：在被動語態(tài)中，這三個短語中的from都不能省略。[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空①Lynn'sparentstriedtostopherseeing(see)him.②Noonecanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarried(carry)out.③Wewerepreventedfromgoingonbytheheavywedidn'tloseheart.rangen．(變動或浮動的)范圍；區(qū)間；界限；一系列v．(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動；變化；排列教材P17)Flexibilitytraininincludinggymnasticsandtaichhelpsstretchmusclesandimproveyourbody'srangeofmovement.體操和太極拳等柔韌性訓(xùn)練有助于拉伸肌肉，加大身體活動范圍。[例1] Thereisafullrangeofactivitiesforchildren.這里有給孩子們提供的各種活動。[例2] Hislecturerangedoveranumberoftopics.他的講座涉及許多話題。[造句] 它們的價格在$3到$15之間變化。Theyrangeinpricefrom$3to[歸納拓展](1)awiderangeofwithin/intherangebeyondone'srange(2)rangefrom...to...[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空

一系列……在……范圍內(nèi)某人能力達(dá)不到的在……范圍內(nèi)變動①Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.②Thepriceofthehouseissohighthatitiswellbeyondourrange.③Whendrivingonhighways,thedrivermustcontrolhisorherspeedwithinrangeof60km/hand120km/h.④Ihaveawiderangeofhobbies(hobby),includingreading,keepingdiary,playingballswithfriendsandsoon.replace代；替換；代替；把……放回原處(教材P20)Inresponsetopublicinterest,ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions,includingmoderndance.的課程，包括現(xiàn)代舞。[例1] Whenallthosehadbeendone，theroadsurfacewasreplaced.當(dāng)所有那些做完之后，路面被換掉了。[例2] Thedeskwasbroken，sowereplaceditwith/byanewone.桌子壞了，所以我們換了一張新的。[造句] 我將代替你們的老師給你們上課。Iwillreplaceyourteachertogivelessonstoyou.[[歸納拓展]replace...with/by...replace...as...taketheplaceof＝takeone'splaceinplaceof用……替換……取代……而成為……代替；替代代替[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空①JackhasreplacedTomasmonitorofourclass.②Itisnotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethemwithsnacks.③Nyloniswidelyusedinplaceofcottonnowadays.④Iamsurethatnoonecantaketheplaceofyouinmylife.satisfactionn．滿意；滿足，達(dá)到(theserequirementsoftaichiinmind,Ifoundtomysatisfactionthatmybalanceandflexibilityslowlyimproved……慢有所改善……[例1] Thecompanyistryingtoimprovecustomersatisfaction.公司力圖改進(jìn)，讓顧客更加滿意。[例2] Hehadthesatisfactionofseeinghisbookbecomeabest-seller.看到自己的作品成了暢銷書，他志得意滿。[造句] 回顧自己的事業(yè)，她深感欣慰。Shelookedbackonhercareerwithgreat[歸納拓展](1)in/withsatisfactiontoone'ssatisfaction(2)satisfyv.satisfy/meetone's(3)satisfiedadj.besatisfiedwith...

滿意地使某人滿意的是使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足；滿足(需求、需要等)滿足某人的需要/要求感到滿意的對(做)……感到滿意(4)satisfying(4)satisfyingadj.令人滿意的[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空①Muchtohissatisfaction，allhisstudentspassedtheexamyesterday.②Oneshouldn'tbesatisfied(satisfy)withonlyalittlesuccess.③Myparentsalwaystrytosatisfymyneeds(need)．④It'ssatisfying(satisfy)toplayagamereallywell.tendvi.往往會，傾向vt.照看(P16)Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohavebettersystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.事實也證明，經(jīng)常運動的人往往會有更好的免疫系統(tǒng)，患病的風(fēng)險較低。[例1] Wetendtomeetupforlunchonceaweek.我們往往每周共進(jìn)一次午餐。[例2] Doctorsandnursestendedtheinjured.醫(yī)生和護(hù)士照料受傷者。[造句] 她正在家里照顧生病的母親。[歸納拓展][歸納拓展](1)tendtodo...tendtowardssth.(2)tendencyn.haveatendencytodo...(3)tend(to)sb.傾向于做……趨于，傾向于趨勢，傾向性傾向于做……照料，照管[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空①Shehasastrongnaturaltendency(tend)towardscaution.②Womentendtolive(live)longerthanmen.③Hisviewtends(tend)towardstheextreme.④Shetendstoget(get)angrywhenyoudisagreewithher.nowonder不足為奇，并不奇怪(P25)Nowondersometaichimovesarenamedafteranimals—Chinesemartialartshavealong-standingpracticeofimitatinganimals.難怪一些太極拳動作以動物的名字命名——中國武術(shù)有著長久的模仿動物的訓(xùn)練。[例1] Nowonderyoucan'tfindanybodyhere，they'reallawayatameeting.難怪你找不到人，他們都開會去了。[例2] Nowonderyouhavethosecolorsonyourhair.難怪在你的頭發(fā)上有那些顏色。[造句] 人們對怎樣吃各有意見就不足為奇了。Itisnowonder(that)peoplehavestrongopinionsabouthowto[歸納拓展]nowonder(that)...Itisnowonder(that)...的省略說法，表示“難怪……”。inwonder驚訝地Itisawonder(that)...真想不到，令人驚奇的是……There'snodoubtthat...There'snopointindoingThere'snoneedtodosth.[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空

毫無疑問……沒必要做某事①There'snopointinarguing(argue)withhim.②Thereisnoneedtoworry(worry)aboutyourson—he'sfine.③Wealldoubtwhether/ifJohnwillcomeontime.④Itisawonderthatheremainedaliveafterdroppingfromthetallbuilding.【長難句解析】1．(Somestudiesevenshowthatexerciseimprovescertainbrainfunctions,meaningyoucouldactuallyexerciseyourwaytobetterperformanceatschool![分析]showthat引導(dǎo)賓語從句，其中meaningyoucouldactuallyexerciseyourwaytobetterperformanceatschool分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語meaningthat的賓語從句。[譯文]一些研究甚至表明鍛煉會改善大腦的某些功能，這意味著實際上你可以通過鍛煉來提高學(xué)業(yè)成績！2教材P17)Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsiderisyouexpecttoimprove:heartandlungefficiency,musclestrengthorflexibility.[分析] 此句為主從復(fù)合句。其中，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；what引導(dǎo)語從句。[譯文] 制訂鍛煉計劃時，首先要考慮的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善，心肺功能，肌肉力量還是柔韌性。【核心句型】of＋抽象名詞(P17)Whentoeatisalsoofgreat何時吃飯也很重要。[句式分析]““of＋抽象名詞＝形容詞”use,value,importance等。[例1] Iregardthisasofgreatimportance.我認(rèn)為這個很重要。[例2] TheworkIamdoingisnotofmuchvalue.我正在做的工作沒有什么價值。[造句] 他們對英語學(xué)習(xí)者有很大幫助。TheyareofgreathelptothelearnersofEnglish.[[歸納拓展]little,some,anyno,notmuch等修飾。importance/important,use/useful,value/valuable等。ofage,color,size,height,opinionthesame。[翻譯1] TheNobelPrizeisofgreatimportance很重要)toChinesemedicine.[翻譯2] Theseflowersareofdifferentcolors(顏色都不同)．[即學(xué)即練] 單句語法填空①Thearrivalofcanalswasofgreatvaluetomanyindustries.②Hisspeechisoflittlesignificance(significant)．③Heisofthesameweightashisbrother.④Idon'twanttohearwhatyouaresaying.Itisofnointeresttome.todo...作后置定語(youplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideriswhatyouexpecttoimprove:heartandlungefficiency,musclestrengthflexibility.制訂鍛煉計劃時首先要考慮的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善是心肺功能肌肉力量還是柔韌性。[句式分析]toconsiderthefirstthingthefirstthing高級修飾時，常用不定式作后置定語。[例1] TuYouyouisthefirstChinesewomantowintheNobelPrize.屠呦呦是第一個獲得諾貝爾獎的中國女性。[例2] Heisamongthebeststudentstodotheexperiment.他是做這個實驗最好的學(xué)生之一。[造句] 他每天總是最后一個來。Heisalwaysthelastonetocomeeveryday.[[歸納拓展]thenext,