高中英語虛擬語氣講解及配套練習(xí)高中英語虛擬語氣講解及配套練習(xí)高中英語虛擬語氣講解及配套練習(xí)xxx公司高中英語虛擬語氣講解及配套練習(xí)文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度虛擬語氣虛擬條件句就是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)條件的一種虛擬假設(shè)，所假設(shè)的條件一般不符合事實(shí)或與事實(shí)相反或在現(xiàn)實(shí)中發(fā)生的可能性極小。根據(jù)時(shí)間的不同，虛擬條件句可分為三種，即與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句、與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句及與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。具體情況請(qǐng)看下表：

條件狀語從句主

句與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)(be用were)would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與將來事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)或should(wereto)+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形例句：（1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwouldlendittoyou.（2）表示與過去事實(shí)相反Ifhehadtakenyouradvice,hewouldn’thavemadesuchabadmistake.（3）表示與將來事實(shí)相反IwouldgoshoppingwithyouifitweretobeSundaytomorrow.1.虛擬條件句的倒裝在虛擬條件句中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)所假設(shè)條件的虛擬性，或突出說話人的一種主觀愿望，虛擬條件句可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。虛擬條件句的倒裝是通過去掉if，把條件從句謂語中的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞放在句首實(shí)現(xiàn)的。例如：HadIbeen（=IfIhadbeen）inthatsituation，Iwouldnothaveletthethiefescapeawaywithsomuchmoney.Shouldtherebe（=Ifthereshouldbe）adrought，whatshouldwedoatthattime

2.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句有時(shí)條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間并不一致，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所要表示的具體時(shí)間來確定。例如：Ifwehadn’tbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears，thingswouldn’tbegoingsosmoothly.3.含蓄條件句有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句的形式表現(xiàn)出來，而是通過某個(gè)介詞或介詞短語（如：with，otherwise，without，butfor，inthatposition）、上下文或其它方式表現(xiàn)出來。這種句子稱為含蓄條件句。例如：Butforthehelpfromyou，Iwouldnothavehadthechancetogotocollege.二、虛擬語氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用在某些詞或短語后接的從句中要使用虛擬語氣，表示愿望、建議或命令等。根據(jù)虛擬語氣的形式不同，虛擬語氣可以分為“should類”和“過去時(shí)態(tài)類”。（一）should類這一類的虛擬語氣是通過從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞使用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”體現(xiàn)出來的，should可以省略。其具體運(yùn)用體現(xiàn)在：1.在suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等表示建議、命令、要求、意見的動(dòng)詞后接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：Hesuggeststhatsheshouldleavethehouseatonce.Theleaderorderedthatthetask（should）befinishedassoonaspossible.Heproposedthatwe（should）dealwiththeproblembytheviewofdevelopment.2.與suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表語從句或同位語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：Thegeneralsenttheorderthatthebattle（should）beheldonuntilthecompletefailureoftheenemy.Myproposalisthatwe（should）setadeadlineforhandingintheplan.3.在Itis/wassuggested（ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）結(jié)構(gòu)以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容詞后的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：It’srequestedthatwe（should）keepthestabilityofthesocietyforthepeople’speacefullife.Itisnecessarythatthebadlywoundedman（should）betreatedimmediately.（二）過去時(shí)態(tài)類英語中，還有一些詞或短語后接的從句或句子，也要使用虛擬語氣，虛擬語氣是通過句中的謂語使用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（如：一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)等）來體現(xiàn)的。1.wish，wouldrather后的賓語從句。如：Hewishedhehadneverbeeninvolvedinsuchaffairs.Iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.2.asif，asthough引導(dǎo)的從句。如：Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhewasaman.Heactedasusualasthoughnothinghadhappened.3.由ifonly（要是……，那該多好?。。┮龑?dǎo)的驚嘆句。如：IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！Ifonlyitstoppedraining！4.Itis（about/high）time后的定語從句。如：Itistimewewentoutforawalk.Itwashightimetheyhadbeguntopreparetheexperiment.三、虛擬語氣的其它用法在英語中，一些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、勸告、愿望、祈禱、祝福或詛咒的句子，也需要使用虛擬語氣。如：Wouldyoumindsmokinghere

Mayyoubelucky！LonglivethepeopleofChina！Godsaveme.1.I’djustassoon____rudelytoher.A.younotspeak

B.yournotspeakingC.youdidn’tspeak

D.youhadn’tspoken2._________,I’dhavedoneitmyself.A.IfIwouldhaveknownit

B.IfIhadhaveknownitC.HadIknownit

D.ShouldIknownit3.Wepreferthattheplan____________beforebeingputintoexecution.A.willbefullydiscussed

B.befullydiscussedC.mustbefullydiscussed

D.wouldbefullydiscussed4.Ifonlywe____thenthediseasewascurable.A.knew

B.couldknow

C.hadknown

D.wouldhaveknown5.Ifyou_________myadvice,you________yourfailurenow.You_________yourvictory.A.took...wouldn’tcryover...wouldcelebrateB.hadtaken...wouldn’thavecriedover...wouldhavecelebratedC.hadtaken...aren’tcryingover...arecelebratingD.hadtaken...wouldn’tbecryingover...wouldbecelebrating6.Itwasurgentthathe_________herimmediately.A.calls

B.called

C.call

D.wouldcall7.It’shightimethatsomething_________toprohibitsellingfakecommodities.A.mustbedone

B.wasdone

C.bedone

D.weredone8.Heinsistedthatweall____inhisofficeatoneo’clock.A.be

B.tobe

C.wouldbe

D.shallbe9.____________,I’dhavedoneitmyself.A.IfIwouldhaveknownit

B.IfIhadhaveknownitC.HadIknownit

D.ShouldIknownit10.Therewasatrafficjam;otherwiseI____hereontime.A.wouldbe

B.hadbeenC.shouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen1.C。wouldjustassoon(=wouldrather,hadrather或hadjustassoon)意為“寧愿”，后接從句時(shí)，其從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般過去時(shí)表示虛擬語氣。2.C。if條件句中包含有should,had,were則可省去if并把should,had,were移到句首，構(gòu)成倒裝句式，而意思不變。3.B此句考點(diǎn)是虛擬語氣。及物動(dòng)詞advise,agree,ask,beg,command,decide,demand,determine,dictate等后面的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的形式是should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省去，因此選B。4.Cifonly引導(dǎo)的句子用虛擬語氣，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。5.D。當(dāng)主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)不一致時(shí)，主句與從句分別使用與各自時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣。此句中從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，因而選項(xiàng)D正確。6.C。在Itis/wasurgentthat…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”形式，should可以省略。類似的形容詞還有necessary,advisable,desirable,vital等。7.B。It'shightime...結(jié)構(gòu)后應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，something在這里應(yīng)接過去時(shí)態(tài)單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞was。故選B。8.A?！癷nsist”一詞意思是“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，后面的句子用虛擬語氣，即賓語從句的謂語用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。9.C。if條件句中包含有should,had,were則可省去if，并把should,had,were移到句首，構(gòu)成倒裝句式，而意思不變。10.D。此題中前半句是一個(gè)陳述句，后半句中otherwise相當(dāng)于一個(gè)虛擬的條件從句“Ifthetraffichadnotbeenverybusy”，是對(duì)過去的情況的一個(gè)假設(shè)，因此主句中的謂語要用“wouldhavedone”的形式。

1.“Istillhaven’tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.”“It’stimeyou_____.”A.do

B.didC.had

D.would3.“I’vetoldeveryoneaboutit.”“Oh,I’dratheryou_____.”A.don’t

B.hadn’tC.couldn’t

D.wouldn’t4.Ithasbeenrainingforaday,buteventhoughithadn’trained,we_____therebytomorrow.A.can’tget

B.won’tgetC.hadn’tgot

D.wouldn’tget5.“Doyouknowhisaddress”“No,IalsowishI_____wherehe_____.”A.knew,live

B.knew,livesC.know,lives

D.know,lived6.“Isn’titabouttimeyou_____todomorningexercises”“Yes,itis.Wouldyouliketojoinus”

A.begin

B.havebegunC.began

D.hadbegun8.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe____agoal.A.hadscored

B.scoredC.wouldscore

D.wouldhavescored10.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight____forustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcold

B.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencold

D.canfreezecoldly12.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn’tget

B.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tget

D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot13.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.A.breaks

B.hasbrokenC.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken14.Butforthehelpyougaveme,I_______theexaminations.A.wouldhavepassed

B.wouldpassC.wouldn’thavepassed

D.wouldn’tpass1.選B。It’stimeyoudid為It’stimeyouthankedAuntLucyforherpresent之略。按照英語語法，it’stime后從句通常要用過去式。3.選B。I’drather后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚眠^去完成式表示過去。4.選A。wecan’tgettherebytomorrow為客觀事實(shí)，故宜用陳述語氣。5.選B。第一空填knew，因?yàn)镮wish后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣（即用過去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陳述語氣，因?yàn)閣herehelives是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，而不是Iwish的內(nèi)容。6.選C。It’stime…/It’shightime…/It’sabouttime…等后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語通常用過去式。8.選D。這是otherwise引出的含蓄虛擬語氣，再根據(jù)前面的hesitated可進(jìn)一步知道這是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，由此可推知答案選D。10.選A。without引出的介詞短語為一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的含蓄條件句。12.選D。根據(jù)句中的didn’tletmedrive可知，這是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣句，條件句的謂語用had+過去分詞，主句謂語用would/should/could/mighthave+過去分詞。13.選C。asif引導(dǎo)的句子，有時(shí)用虛擬語氣，有時(shí)不用。原則上說，若指事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí)，不用虛擬語氣；若指現(xiàn)在，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)（be用were）；若指過去用過去完成時(shí)，若指將來用過去將來時(shí)或用weretodosth。14.選C。butfor的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，通常與虛擬語氣連用。根據(jù)句中的thehelpyougaveme，可知它表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故選C。

1.IfI____wherehelived,I____anotetohim.A.knew,wouldB.hadknown,wouldhavesent

C.know,wouldsend

D.knew,wouldhavesent2.Ifthey____earlierthanexpected,they____herenow.

A.hadstarted,wouldbe

B.started,mightbe

C.hadstarted,wouldhavebeen

D.willstart,mighthavebeen3.Ididn’tknowhistelephonenumber.____it,I____then.

A.HadIknown,wouldringhimup

B.ShouldIknow,wouldhaverunghimup

C.IfIknew;wouldringhimup

D.HadIknown;wouldhaverunghimup5.WereItodoit,I________itsomeotherway.

A.willdo

B.woulddo

C.wouldhavedone

D.weretodo6.I________himtheanswer________possible,butIwassobusythen.

A.couldtell;ifithadbeen

B.musthavetold;wereit

C.shouldhavetold;haditbeen

D.shouldhavetold;shoulditbe7.Withoutyourhelp,we________somuch.

A.won‘tachieve

B.didn‘tachieveC.don’tachieve

D.wouldn’thaveachieved9.Wewishwe____whatyoudidwhenwewereathighschool.

A.did

B.couldhavedone

C.havedone

D.shoulddo10.Shewishesshe____tothetheatrelastnight.

A.went

B.wouldgo

C.hadgone

D.weregoing11.Tomisveryshortnow.Hismotherwishesthathe________betallwhenhegrowsup.

A.could

B.should

C.would

D.wereableto14.DoyouthinkofWangFang’ssuggestionthathe________Mr.Litotheparty?A.willinvite

B.haveinvited

C.isinvited

D.invite15.Iinsistedthathe________atonce.A.begone

B.go

C.wouldgo

D.mightgo16.LiMinginsistedthathe________anythingatall.A.hadn’tstolen

B.shouldn’tsteal

C.doesn’tsteal

D.steal17.Itisquitenaturalthatmycominglateagain________themveryangry.A.hadmade

B.wouldmake

C.makes

D.make18.Heactedasifhe________everythingintheworld.A.knew

B.knows

C.hasknown

D.won’tknow22.Thatisagoodbook.You________ityesterday.A.couldbuy

B.shouldbuy

C.shouldhavebought

D.bought23.Itishightimewe________home.A.willgo

B.wouldgo

C.havegone

D.went24.I‘dratherthatyou________home.A.went

B.havegone

C.willgo

D.hadgone27.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascome

B.didcome

C.came

D.hadcome29.He________youmorehelp,eventh