2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國卷I）英語注意事項(xiàng)：.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。選擇題答案速填]23456789101112131415BABCACBACCBACAB161718192021222324252627282930ACBACBDDBAACDCB313233343536373839404142434445DCABAEAGCDDCCBA464748495051525354555657585960CDCABDABDACBDAB第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?Inaclassroom.Inahospital.C.Inamuseum.WhatdoesJackwanttodo?Takefitnessclasses.Buyapairofgymshoes.Changehisworkschedule.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?Whattodrink.Wheretomeet.Whentoleave.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?Colleagues.Classmates.Strangers.WhyisEmilymentionedintheconversation?Shemightwantaticket.Sheislookingfortheman.Shehasanextraticket.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。HowlongdidJamesrunhisbusiness?10years.13years.15years.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutJames'situation?A.Embarrassed.B?Concerned.C.Disappointed.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。WhathasKate'smotherdecidedtodo?Returntoschool.Changeherjob.Retirefromwork.WhatdidKate'smotherstudyatcollege?Oilpainting.Arthistory.Businessadministration.WhatisKate'sattitudetowardhermother'sdecision?Disapproving.Ambiguous.Understanding.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。Whatisthemandoing?Chairingameeting.Hostingaradioprogram.Conductingajobinterview.WhatbenefitsMarymostinherjob?A.Herwidereading.B?Herleaders*guidance.C.Herfriends'help.WhowillMarytalkaboutnext?Herteacher.Herfather.Hermother.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。Whydoesthemanseldomdoexercise?A.Helacksmotivation.B?Hehasaheartproblem.C.Heworksallthetime.WhatdoesJacobSattelmairprobablydo?He'sanathlete.He'saresearcher.He'sajournalist.Whydoesthewomanspeakofastudy?Toencouragetheman.Torecommendanexercise.Tosupportherfindings.Howmuchtimewillthemanprobablyspendexercisingweekly?300minutes.150minutes.75minutes.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。Whatdidthescientistsdototheroad?Theyrepairedit.Theypaintedit.Theyblockedit.Whyareyoungbirdsdrawntotheroadsurface?It*swarm.It'sbrown.It*ssmooth.Whatisthepurposeofthescientists'experiment?A.Tokeepthebirdsthereforawholeyear.B-Tohelpstudentsstudythebirdswell.C.Topreventthebirdsfrombeingkilled.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills*findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible（符合條件）forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible：Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities（社區(qū)）.SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15-29?returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagemantprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities（機(jī)會(huì)）ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29fbrpersonswithadisability.【語篇解讀】 主題：人與自我（做人與做事）；話題：暑期工作公告。本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了省政府及其合作者提供的面向?qū)W生的四則暑期工作公告。WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞SummerCompany可直接定位到第二則暑期工作公告，而且瀏覽四則暑期工作公告可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，只有SummerCompany的介紹里提到了awards（獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)）以及$3,000這樣的字眼，由此可知SummerCompany的特別之處在于B項(xiàng)“它為經(jīng)營新業(yè)務(wù)提供獎(jiǎng)勵(lì):］WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18. B.15-24.C.15-29. D.16-17.D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞StewardshipYouthRangerProgram可直接定位到第三則暑期工作公告。根據(jù)本部分中的關(guān)鍵信息句“Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的年齡要求是16歲或17歲，且在今年12月31日前不能滿18歲，故選D項(xiàng)“16至17歲”。］Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?JobsforYouth.SummerCompany.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.D［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞thedisabled（殘疾人）可直接定位到最后一則暑期工作公告中的personswithadisability,兩者屬于典型的同義詞替換，故選D項(xiàng)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目對(duì)殘疾人在年齡方面給予了特別照顧。］?［方法技巧I細(xì)節(jié)理解題答案與原文掛鉤，可在文中找到答案，但往往與原文中的語句并不完全相同，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。在本題中，我們可以由題干中的thedisabled定位到personswithadisability9從而迅速鎖定答案，提高正確率和答題效率。?［練后拾詞］①deadlinen.威止日期②dependon取決于③availableadj.可獲得的?hands-onadj.實(shí)際操作的?［長難句分析］Ifyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligibleforthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.如果你是居住在該省某些地區(qū)的青少年，你就有資格參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，它提供八周的帶薪就業(yè)和培訓(xùn)。分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，從句中l(wèi)ivingincertainpartsoftheprovince是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾ateenager。whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾Ihisprogram<,BForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue?N.Y.?todayisspeechday?andrightnowit*sChrisPalaez'stum.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe'snervous.'Tmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...^Christripsonthe“-Id,"apronunciationdifficultyfbrmanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.44...Votefbr...me...,,Exceptfbrsomestumbles>Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes/Uttakesalotfbranystudent,“Whaleyexplains,^especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage*tofeelconfidentenoughtosay?'Idon'tknow,butIwanttoknow.^^^Whaleygottheideaofthesecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities*“Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”【語篇解讀】主題：人與自我（生活與學(xué)習(xí)）；話題：增強(qiáng)自信。本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了小學(xué)教師Whaley通過組織學(xué)生演講來幫助學(xué)生增強(qiáng)自信的教學(xué)實(shí)踐。WhatmadeChrisnervous?Tellingastory.Makingaspeech.Takingatest.Answeringaquestion.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞nervous可定位到第二段第一句，然后應(yīng)到前文中找使他緊張的因素。根據(jù)第一段中的”...todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn."和"...heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.“可知，今天是演講日，現(xiàn)在輪到了Chris,雖然他看起來像那種喜歡在公共場合講話的孩子，但是他很緊張。由此可知，演講使Chris緊張。］Whatdoestheunderlinedwordfckstumbles,'inParagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.A［詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“youshould...should…''以及"…Votefoj.me...”這樣的語句特點(diǎn)可知，Chris的演講不流暢，也就是說有不適當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD。這是他表現(xiàn)不好的地方，與畫線詞后的句意“他完成得非常好”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，與短語exceptfor的語意相呼應(yīng)。注意：高考閱讀中的熟詞生義現(xiàn)象非常關(guān)鍵，例如，如果能夠注意到第二段第三句中的trips一詞在此語境中的特殊意義（意為"絆倒”）則有助于快速解答此題。］WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsassessstudents*publicspeakingskillspreparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsinspirestudents'loveforpoliticsA［推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.“可知，Whaley創(chuàng)辦這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的不僅僅是讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)閱讀和在公共場合演講，他還希望學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)自夸。A項(xiàng)意為“幫助學(xué)生看到自己的長處”，與原文意思相符。］?［易錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析］B項(xiàng)顛倒是非，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句可知，“評(píng)估學(xué)生的公開演講技巧”不是其目的。C、D兩項(xiàng)曲解文意，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目雖然借助了“系統(tǒng)競選”的形式，但文章中對(duì)其目的的描述并沒有涉及“使學(xué)生為他們將來的工作作準(zhǔn)備”以及“激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)政治的熱愛工WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous. B.Ambitious.C.Caring. D.Demanding.C［推理判斷題。文章介紹了Whaley老師通過創(chuàng)辦“總統(tǒng)競選項(xiàng)目“，組織學(xué)生演講來幫助學(xué)生增強(qiáng)自信。根據(jù)第二段中的“Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport."和"...Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.”等細(xì)節(jié)也可看出Whaley老師是一個(gè)關(guān)心學(xué)生的老師。］?［方法技巧］推理判斷題主要考查考生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過邏輯關(guān)系和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等能力。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時(shí)，我們應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理和判斷。例如，本題我們就要根據(jù)全文主旨以及對(duì)Whaley老師的細(xì)節(jié)動(dòng)作描寫，并結(jié)合我們生活中具備此品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的人是什么樣的來合理地總結(jié)推斷。,［練后拾詞］①stumble阮&兒（朗讀或說話時(shí)）結(jié)巴；絆腳②bring...toaconclusion使 結(jié)束③immigrantn.（外來）移民?campaignn,運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng)⑤qualityn.素質(zhì)，品德?［長難句分析］Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.有一天，惠利問孩子們，如果他們認(rèn)為自己永遠(yuǎn)成不了總統(tǒng)的話就舉手，于是他想到了這個(gè)二年級(jí)的總統(tǒng)競選項(xiàng)目。分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。when至句末是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句中又含有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。CAsdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物量）technologies—likefingerprintscans——tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（裝置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節(jié)奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sindentities*andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto-regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword^touch^fburtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped?withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.【語篇解讀】主題：人與社會(huì)（科學(xué)與技術(shù)）；話題：智能鍵盤。本文是一篇科研報(bào)道。來自佐治亞理工學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)明了一種智能鍵盤，可以通過分析用戶的打字模式來判斷該用戶是不是安全訪客。Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?Toreducepressureonkeys.B?Toimproveaccuracyintyping.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.D［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.”以及第一段最后一句"Alpresenl,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,ihough.”可推知，研究者研發(fā)這種智能鍵盤是為了降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全保護(hù)技術(shù)的成本。注意題干、正確選項(xiàng)以及原文中一些詞匯的多次呼應(yīng)現(xiàn)象：develop與comeupwith是同義詞,expensive與low-cost是反義詞，cutthecost與low-cost相呼應(yīng)。］Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A,Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B?Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.C［推理判斷題。題干問的是“是什么讓智能鍵盤的發(fā)明成為可能“，也就是問這一發(fā)明的核心依據(jù)是什么。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities...”可知，正是因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人的打字模式不同，這種智能鍵盤就可以通過分析用戶的打字力度及節(jié)奏等來判斷該用戶是不是安全訪客，故C項(xiàng)符合題意。解答該題的關(guān)鍵是看懂題干的意思，即智能鍵盤的核心依據(jù)是什么。］Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?It'llbeenvironment-friendly.It'llreachconsumerssoon.It'llbemadeofplastics.Ifllhelpspeeduptyping.B［細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干“研究者對(duì)于智能鍵盤有什么期望可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句話"Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望在不久的將來將智能鍵盤推向市場，故選B項(xiàng)。注意：題干中的expect與原文中的hope呼應(yīng)，答案選項(xiàng)中的consumers與原文中的market呼應(yīng)。］?［易錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析］A項(xiàng)“它將是環(huán)保的”屬于無中生有。C項(xiàng)最易誤選，因?yàn)槲恼碌箶?shù)第二句提到了ismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts（智能鍵盤大部分是用廉價(jià)的、塑料類的零件做成的），有些考生可能會(huì)因?yàn)槲闹刑岬搅藀lastic一詞就想當(dāng)然地選C項(xiàng)。這是考生常犯的錯(cuò)誤：只見樹木，不見森林。D項(xiàng)也是無中生有，原文沒有提及“提高打字速度另外注意：該題與29題都有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，那就是，對(duì)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是否理解到位直接決定了考生能否定位到原文中的關(guān)鍵句子。也就是說，對(duì)29題題干中的make…possible這一結(jié)構(gòu)的理解以及對(duì)30題題干中的expect這一詞的理解都很關(guān)鍵。Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.D［文章出處題。根據(jù)本文的話題“智能鍵盤'’以及第二段中的''ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice...”,尤其是其中的關(guān)鍵詞researchers?low-costdevice等來推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報(bào)道，最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上。］?［方法技巧］文章出處題是兼有主旨大意題和推理判斷題特點(diǎn)的題型，主要考查考生根據(jù)文章前后邏輯關(guān)系和細(xì)節(jié)暗示，總結(jié)文章大意并推斷文章出處的能力。這也屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。例如，本題我們就要從全文的話題以及文中的關(guān)鍵詞researchers,low-costdevice等來推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報(bào)道，最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上?！觯劬毢笫霸~］①theft〃.偷竊②gelaround克服（困難或問題）③preciselyadu.精確地，準(zhǔn)確地?layern.層次⑤byextension引申，再則?participantn.參加者⑦commercialize0.使商業(yè)化?［長難句分析］Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit*sconnectedto-regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.因此，這種鍵盤能夠確定人們的身份，進(jìn)而確定他們是否應(yīng)該被授予權(quán)限使用所連接的計(jì)算機(jī)—不管他們是否輸入了正確的密碼。分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。whethertheyshouldbegivenaccessto至句末是whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作determine的賓語；ifsconnectedto是省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語從句，修飾thecomputer；whethersomeonegetsthepasswordright是whether弓I導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作介詞of的賓語。DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小學(xué)），Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens?andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories：thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables*plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships，jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence：statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein^studiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,aret4mostlikelytoengage（從事）indangerousandriskybchavior.^^Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastlikedythemostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（調(diào)查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.ltclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment?highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness-carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion：Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes?butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes?too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,“hesaid.【語篇解讀】主題：人與社會(huì)（人際溝通）；話題：青少年心理健康。本文是一篇議論文。文章從社會(huì)心理學(xué)視角討論青少年小學(xué)與中學(xué)階段的成長經(jīng)歷，論述了個(gè)體受歡迎程度這一青少年心理健康話題。該語篇視角獨(dú)特，積極倡導(dǎo)和諧的人際關(guān)系和人文情懷。Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely.C.Generous. D.Cool.C［推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞earlyyearsofelementaryschool可定位到第一段第一句"Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes..根據(jù)句意和sharing一詞可推知，作者上小學(xué)的時(shí)候是一個(gè)慷慨大方的人，故選C項(xiàng)。注意不要受本段后幾句話尤其是最后一句話的影響而錯(cuò)選A項(xiàng)，因?yàn)槟鞘亲髡咔嗌倌陼r(shí)期的情況。］Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?Theclassificationofthepopular.B?Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.A［段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容以及第二句的句式特點(diǎn)（句中有冒號(hào)），可暫時(shí)斷定第二句是本段的主旨句。而第三句和第四句分別用Thelikables'…和Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence...引出后文內(nèi)容，恰恰就是介紹了受歡迎的兩類人：討人喜歡型和追求地位型。同時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)本段第二句中的關(guān)鍵詞o...（把……分成……）與A項(xiàng)中的classification相呼應(yīng)，所以A項(xiàng)可以概括本段大意。］?［易錯(cuò)項(xiàng)分析］B項(xiàng)以偏概全，只關(guān)注了本段的一個(gè)共鍵詞adolescenceoC項(xiàng)以偏概全，只關(guān)注了本段的interpersonalskillsoD項(xiàng)以偏概全，只關(guān)注了本段的dishonorablebehavior?這三個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)都沒有從整體上準(zhǔn)確概括本段的大意。WhatdidDr.Prinstein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?Theyappearedtobeaggressive.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.Theyperformedwellacademically.B［推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment”可知，Dr.Prinstein的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，最討人喜歡的孩子往往適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)。B項(xiàng)中的adaptable與第四段中的adjustment相呼應(yīng)。］Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?BeNice—YouWon'tFinishLastTheHighertheStatus,theBetterBetheBest—YouCanMakeItMoreSelf-Control,LessAggressivenessA［標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)討人喜歡與積極的人生結(jié)果有關(guān)，因此A項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最合適。注意A項(xiàng)中的benice與likability,popularity,kindness等詞相呼應(yīng)。beNice—YouWon'lFinishLast.從意義上類似于漢語的“與人為善，于己為善這里的finish本義是“獲得（名次）；排名］?［方法技巧］標(biāo)題歸納題常見干擾項(xiàng)類型：①以偏概全——干擾項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的局部信息；②斷章取義——干擾項(xiàng)是文章中的個(gè)別信息或個(gè)別字眼，或者以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)，比如本題的B項(xiàng)（status成了全文的詞眼就偏了，也就錯(cuò)了）；③主題擴(kuò)大——干擾項(xiàng)所歸納、概括的范圍過大，超過文章實(shí)際所表述的內(nèi)容：④張冠李戴——命題者有意把屬于A的特征改在B的身上；⑤無中生有或似是而非——有的干擾項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞語好像在文章中提到了，但認(rèn)真分析之后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些內(nèi)容與文章毫無聯(lián)系，比如本題的C項(xiàng)（bethebest”做最好的自己''與本文詞眼Hkable并不是一個(gè)概念），還有D項(xiàng)（self-control”自制力''屬于無中生有，原文中未提及）。?［練后拾詞］①status地位，身份②meanadj.刻薄的?categoryn.種類?jump-start0.啟動(dòng)，促進(jìn)?interpersonaladj.人標(biāo)的,人與人之間的?enviableadj.令人美嘉的⑦consequencen.結(jié)果?［長難句分析］Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesfbrlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage.被人喜歡會(huì)為學(xué)習(xí)和各種新的人生體驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)，這有助于一個(gè)人獲得優(yōu)勢(shì)。分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句中beingliked是動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主語，thathelpsomebodygainanadvantage是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞experienceso第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair."36Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.37IftheairyouYebreathingisclean-whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities——thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles（肌肉）andyourbrain.Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing（治愈）.38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.ltturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood（情緒）.Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun*srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD——butstillprotectyourskin——putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.lttakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat*splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday*sworthofVitaminD.Freshaircleansourlungs.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Beinginnaturerefreshesus.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociateairwithhealthcare.Allacrossthecountry?recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【語篇解讀】 主題：人與自我（生活）；話題：健康。本文是一篇說明文，介紹了呼吸新鮮空氣和接近大自然有益于身心健康。E［關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法解題。空格前一句說我們都是聽著人們說的“出去呼吸點(diǎn)兒新鮮空氣”長大的，空格后一句說答案是肯定的。由此可判斷E項(xiàng)“但是新鮮空氣真的像你媽媽總說的那樣對(duì)你有好處嗎？‘'符合語境。本設(shè)空類型屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解類。］A［設(shè)題位置法解題。根據(jù)空格后的內(nèi)容可知，如果人們呼吸的空氣是干凈的，那么空氣中就充滿了維持生命的、讓人充滿活力的氧氣。如果在戶外鍛煉，人的身體會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)深呼吸，讓更多的氧氣進(jìn)入肌肉和大腦。所以本段主要說的是呼吸新鮮空氣的好處，故A項(xiàng)“新鮮空氣清潔我們的肺''符合語境。本設(shè)空類型屬于段落主題句類。］G［詞匯鎖定法解題?？崭窈蟮膖heseplaces與G項(xiàng)中的recoverycenters相呼應(yīng)，因此G項(xiàng)“全國各地的康復(fù)中心已經(jīng)開始建造康復(fù)花園''符合語境。本設(shè)空類型屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解類。］C［關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法解題?？崭袂敖榻B了接近大自然、看綠色植物對(duì)病人的康復(fù)有益，空格后一句說“它給我們一種非常好的內(nèi)心平和的感覺”，由此可推斷出空格處應(yīng)該表達(dá)置身于大自然的好處，故選C項(xiàng)“置身于大自然使我們精神煥發(fā)本設(shè)空類型為細(xì)節(jié)理解類。］D［設(shè)題位置法解題?？崭窈笠痪湔f，雖然陽光會(huì)使我們的皮膚衰老并受到傷害，但陽光也能帶來有益的維生素D。這應(yīng)該是呼吸新鮮空氣附帶的好處，故D項(xiàng)“呼吸新鮮空氣的另一個(gè)附帶好處是陽光''符合語境，D項(xiàng)中的sunlight與空格后的thesun'srays相呼應(yīng)。本設(shè)空類型屬于段落主題句類。］?［練后拾詞］①befilledwith充滿 ②Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果是 證明是 ③belikelytodosth.可能做某事?age%使變老［熟詞生義］⑤absorb"吸收（液體、氣體等）第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro?thehighestmountaininAfrica.They41withthemlotsofwaste.The42mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciers（冰川）aredisappearing,changingthe43ofKilimanjaro.Hearingthesestories,I'm44abouttheplace-otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer“naturalexperiences.However,Isoon45thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof46amongtonsofrubbish.Ifinda47mountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare48buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe49.ThebestofaKilimanjaro50，inmyopinion,isn'treachingthetop.Mountainsare51asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This52isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroas53gothroughfiveecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）inthespaceofafewkilometers.Atthebaseisarainforest.ltendsabruptlyat3,000meters, 54landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather55—lowcloudsenvelopethemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I56twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metersisthehighland57：gravel(礫石),stonesandrocks.58youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith59snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.DoesKilimanjaro60itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.【語篇解讀】主題：人與自然(環(huán)境保護(hù))；話題：乞力馬扎羅山。本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了非洲乞力馬扎羅山的環(huán)境污染以及當(dāng)?shù)貦C(jī)構(gòu)努力治理之后環(huán)境的改觀情況。該語篇能激發(fā)深入思考，關(guān)注自然和生態(tài)，探索人與自然的和諧相處之道。A.keepB.mixC.connectD?bringD［上文語境題。根據(jù)第一“Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro...”可知，每年大約有4萬人試圖攀登乞力馬扎羅山，所以他們攀登的時(shí)候帶來(bring)了很多垃圾。］A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reportersC［上文語境題。聯(lián)系上文中的“about40,000people”可知，這些人群(crowds)有可能破壞這個(gè)地方的美。］A.position B.ageC.face D.nameC［上文語境題。聯(lián)系上文中的“Theglaciersaredisappearing”可知，冰川的消失正在改變乞力馬扎羅山的面貌(face)。］A.silent B.skepticalC.serious D.crazyB［下文語境題。聯(lián)系下文“otherdestinationsaredescribedas"purer5naturalexperiences^^可知，其他目的地被描述為“更純粹的”自然體驗(yàn)，所以作者對(duì)乞力馬扎羅山被嚴(yán)重破壞的報(bào)道表示懷疑(skeptical)。beskepticalabout 表示懷疑。silent沉默的：serious嚴(yán)肅的；crazy瘋狂的。］A.discover B.argueC.decide D.advocateA［下文語境題。聯(lián)系下文的“muchhaschanged”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)(discover)了乞力馬扎羅山的變化。argue爭論；decide決定：advocate提倡。］A.equipment B.grassC.camps D.stonesC［下文語境題。聯(lián)系下文中的“withtoiletsatcamps”可知，這里報(bào)道的是營地(camp)。］47.A.remote47.A.remotetall D.cleanD［上下文語境題。聯(lián)系上文However(然而)及下文“withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths(營地和路邊都有廁所戶可推知，作者看到的是干凈的(clean)山。］A.new B.specialC.significant D.necessaryC［上文語境題。上文提到乞力馬扎羅山有眾多游客，而且有很多垃圾，還有令人心煩的諸多報(bào)道，由此可知，這里面臨的環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是重大的(signi行cant)。new新的；special特殊的；necessary有必要的。］A.payingoff B.spreadingoutC.blowingup D.fadingawayA［上文語境題。聯(lián)系前文的"withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths”可知，坦桑尼亞國家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效(payoff)°spreadout展開；blowup爆炸；fadeaway逐漸消失。］?［知識(shí)鏈接］①payoff取得成功，奏效；還清債務(wù)②payback償還(欠款)；報(bào)復(fù)③payfor支付④payattentionto注意⑤payavisitto參觀，拜訪A.atmosphere B.experienceC.experiment D.sightB［下文語境題。聯(lián)系下文reachingthelop可知，作者認(rèn)為乞力馬扎羅山最好的爬山體驗(yàn)(experience)并不是登頂。atmosphere氣氛;experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；sight視線。］A.studied B.observedC.explored D.regardedD［下文語境題。聯(lián)系空后的“bymanycultures”可知，山在很多文化中被看作是(regard)靈魂之地，beregardedas被看作是 study研究；observe觀察；explore探索。］A.view B.qualityC.reason D.purposeA［上下文語境題。結(jié)合上文的“文化觀”，再聯(lián)系下文的“gothroughfiveecosystems^^可知，這種“經(jīng)歷五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”的景色(view)在乞力馬扎羅山表現(xiàn)尤為明顯。quality品質(zhì)；reason原因；purpose目的。］A.scientists B.climbersC.localsD.officialsC.localsB［上文語境題。聯(lián)系上文的“Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro...”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以經(jīng)歷五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。scientist科學(xué)家；local本地人；official官員。］A.holdingonto B.goingbacktoC.livingupto D.givingwaytoD［上文語境題。聯(lián)系上文的“IlendsabrupUyal3,000melers”可知，熱帶雨林在3000米處突然中止，取而代之的是生長著低矮植物的土地。givewayto意為“被……代替"，符合語境。holdonto堅(jiān)持；gobackto回到：liveuplo不辜負(fù)。］A.changes B.clearsC.improves D.permitsA［上下文語境題。上文介紹了五種生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的兩種，再聯(lián)系下文的“l(fā)owcloudsenvelopthemountainsides”可知，在這里氣候又發(fā)生了變化(change)。clear清除；improve改善：permit允許。］A.match B.imagineC.count D.addC［下文語境題。聯(lián)系空后的“twelveshadesofgreen”可知，作者數(shù)出了(count)12種綠色。］A.village B.desertC.road D.lakeB［下文語境題。聯(lián)系冒號(hào)后的“gravel,stonesandrocks”可知，4000米以上是荒漠(desert)o］A.Obviously B.EasilyC.Consequently D.FinallyD［上下文語境題。上文介紹了從山下到山上的五個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，所以這里說最后(finally)爬到了一個(gè)像北極圈一樣的區(qū)域。obviously明顯地；easily容易地；consequently因此，所以。］A.permanent B.littleC.fresh D.artificialA［上文語境題。聯(lián)系上文的“climbintoanarctic-likezone”可知，攀登者到了一個(gè)像北極圈的地方，所以這里是指常年積雪。permanent意為“永久的，永恒的“，符合語境。liltle少的；fresh新鮮的：arlifkial人造的。］A.enjoy B.deserveC.save D.acquireB［下文語境題。聯(lián)系下文的"Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.“可知，作者在這里進(jìn)行反問：乞力馬扎羅山真的應(yīng)該獲得(deserve)游人如織，破壞了其平和景象的擁擠山脈這一名聲嗎？］?［知識(shí)鏈接］deserve的用法：deserve后接不定式,若該動(dòng)詞表示主動(dòng)意義,則用不定式的主動(dòng)式，即deservetodosth.；若該動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)意義，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式。如：Thosewhoworkdeservetoeat.勞動(dòng)者該得食。deservedoing(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))=deservetobedone。如：Hedeservedpunishing.=Hedeservedtobepunished.他應(yīng)該受到懲罰。,［練后拾詞］①attempt企圖，試圖；嘗試②destinationn.目的地③bedescribedas被描述為 ④pureadj.純凈的；純粹的?disturbing〃力’.令人不安的；煩擾的?significantadj.重大的⑦abruptlyad也突然地；唐突地?［長難句分析］TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)是重大的，但坦桑尼亞國家公園管理局所做的努力似乎正在奏效。分析：本句是由but連接的并列句。后一分句中，madebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthority是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾efforts0第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°?thereisevidence61.theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.ltisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62.(poor)studied；howeve