`Introduction○常用前綴意義前綴例詞否定dis-dishonest,dislike,distrustin-,il-,im-,ir-incapable,inability,illegal,impossible,immoral,irregularun-unable,unbelievable,unemployment錯誤mis-mislead,misunderstanding反動作dis-disarm,disconnect,dissatisfyun-unload,uncover,undeniable相互inter-international,interaction,interrelated,interdependent超過super-supernatural,superpower,surpassover-overeat,overdress,overreact,oversleep,overestimateout-outdo,outweigh低于under-Underestimate,undervalue,underdeveloped再一次re-Refresh,reshape,renew共同co-coexist,cooperate轉(zhuǎn)移trans-translate,transportation,transfer,transform使en-enable,enrich,enslave,encourage,enlighten,endanger多multi-multimedia,multifunction,multinational○常用后綴意義后綴例詞承受者-eeexaminee,employee,interviewee,trainee,refugee從事者-eremployer,trainer,interpreter使化-izecentralize,globalize,modernize,civilize主義-ismheroism,workholism,idealism,socialism,optimism狀態(tài)-shiphardship,friendship,leadership像一樣-ishchildish,selfish,foolish-likechildlike,homelike充滿的-fuljoyful,painful,helpful無，沒有-lessendless,homeless,hopeless,careless,useless能的-able,-ibledurable,fashionable,accessible,available,flexible使-enshorten,widen,strengthen-fyclassify,purify,simplify,qualifyPresentation（1）-Word文檔`(A)Eventodaythereareagreatmanywrongideasaboutfood.Someofthemareverywidespread.Onesuchideaisthatfishisthebestbrainfood.Fishisgoodbrainfood(25)____ ____itisgoodmusclefoodandskinfoodandbonefood.Butnoonehasbeenabletoprovethatfishisany(26)______(good)forthebrainthanmanyotherkindsoffood.Anothersuchideaisthatyou(27)______notdrinkwaterwithmeals.Washingfooddownwithwaterasasubstitute(28)_______chewingisnotagoodidea,butsomewaterwithmealshasbeenfoundtobehelpful.Itmakesthedigestivejuicesflowmorefreelyandhelpstodigestthefood.Manyoftheideaswhichscientiststellus(29)______(have)nofoundationhavetodowithmixturesoffoods.Afewyearsagothebeliefbecamegeneralthatorangejuiceandmilkshouldneverbedrunkatthesamemeal.Thereasongivenwas(30)_______the acidintheorangejuicewouldmakethemilkcurdle(凝結(jié))andbecomeindigestible.Asamatteroffact,milkalwaysmeetsinthestomachadigestivejuicewhichcurdles(31)______;thecurdlingofthemilkisthefirststepinitsdigestion.Asimilarwrongideaisthatfishandicecreamwhen(32)______(eat)atthesamemealformapoisonouscombination.(B)It’soneofourcommonbeliefsthatmiceareafraidofcats.Scientistshavelongknownthat(33)____ ____amousehasneverseenacatbefore,itisstillabletodetectchemicalsignalsreleasedfromitandrunawayinfear.Thishasalwaysbeenthoughttobesomethingthatishard-wiredintoamouse’sbrain.ButrecentlyWendyIngram,agraduatestudentattheUniversity ofCalifornia,Berkeley,(34)_______(challenge)thiscommonsense.Shehasfoundawayto “cure”miceoftheirinbornfearofcatsbyinfectingthemwithaparasite,reportedthesciencejournalNature.The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the(35)_______(shock)factisthatuptoone-thirdofpeoplearoundtheworldareinfectedbyit.Thisparasitecancausedifferentdiseasesamonghumans,(36)_______pregnantwomen –itislinkedtoblindnessandthedeathofunbornbabies.However,theparasite’seffectsonmiceareunique.Ingramandherteammeasuredhowmicereactedtoacat ’s尿urine)before(and(37)______itwasinfectedbytheparasite.Theynotedthatnormalmicestayedfarawayfromtheurine(38)_______micethatwereinfectedwiththeparasitewalkedfreelyaroundthetestarea.Butthat’notsall.Theparasitewasfoundtobemorepowerfulthanoriginally (39)_______(think)–evenafterresearcherscuredthemiceoftheinfection,theynolongerreactedwithfeartoacat’ssmell,whichcouldindicatethattheinfectionhascausedapermanentchangeinmiceWhydoesaparasitechangeamouse ’sbraininsteadofmakingitsicklikeitdoestohumans?Theanswerliesinevolution.Toxoplasmagondiicanonlyreproduceinsideacat.Sotheparasitehadtodevelopawayoftrickingthemiceintogettingeatenmoreeasily –thus(40)_______(help)itselfgoinsideacat–bytakingawaymice ’ssenseofalarm.FocusedPracticeSectionAWord文檔`Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Manykindsofmusiccanstirtheimaginationandproducestrongfeeling.Forsomepeople,romanticcomposerssuchasChopinandTchaikovskyenhancefeelingsofloveandsympathy.Religiousandspiritualmusic25helpsomepeoplefeelpeaceorlessentheirpain.Butonemusicianseemstohaveauniqueabilityofhealing(治愈)thehumanbody–WolfgangAmadeusMozart.ScientistshavefoundMozart’musictoberemarkableinitsability26(calm)itslisteners.Itcanalsoincreasetheirperceptions,andhelpthemexpressthemselvesmoreclearly.ManyamazingcaseshavebeendocumentedusingMozart27ahealingaid.Forexample,atinyprematurebaby28(name)Krissy,whoweighedjust1.5poundsatbirth,wasontotallifesupport.Doctorsthoughtshehadlittlechanceofsurvival.HermotherinsistedonplayingMozartforKrissy,andthought29savedherdaughter’lifes.Krissylived,30shewasverysmallforherageandslowerthantheaveragechild.Attheageoffour,sheshowedaninterestinmusicandherparentsgaveherviolinlessons.31theirastonishment,Krissywasabletoplaymusicalpiecesfrommemorythatwerefarbeyondtheabilityofanaveragefour-year-old.(play)musichelpedherimproveinallareasofherlife.(B)Touch is the first tool we turn to when we face pain. We react similarly to33 injuredtoeandabrokenheart,tenderly 34 (grasp)theaffectedarea.Weareallbornwiththepowertohealourselvesandtohealothersbecausehealingenergydoesnotcomefromwithin butfromoutsideourselves.Theenergyisthereforanyonetouse,andnoformaltraining(require).Whenyouhavetheintenttoheal,andloveisyouronlymotive,youbecomeachannelforhealingenergy.Throughthesimpletouchofhands,youcanusethatuniversalhealingenergytocomfortthosewho36(experience)painordistress.Inperforminghealingenergywork,itisnecessarythatyouletyourintuition(直覺)guideyoutotheaffectedarea.Justimagineahealinglightbeingdrawninthroughthetopofyourheadandflowingthroughyourhands.Theenergywillbegintoflowonceyouhavemadeaphysicalconnection,andyourtouchwillhelpawakenthebody’s-healingcapacity.Theforselfaffectedareasofthebody,37werepreviouslytenseortight,willrelaxwithenoughhealingenergy.38(try)nottofeellikeyouaren’thelpingifyoudon’tfeeltheflow.Theworkyouaredoingisindeedhelping.Understanding39energyworksislessimportantthanconsciouslymakinguseofit.Performingalovinghealingtreatmentonyourlovedonescanbeawonderfulexperiencethatbringsyouclosertogether.Andasthehealingenergypassesthroughyou,itcanawakenafeelingwithinyouthathelpsyou40(well)understandtheinteractionsbetweenthespiritual,physicalandmentalselves.Word文檔`Presentation（2）○四十個常用合成詞合成詞 詞性bulid-up n.cost-saving adj.cure-all n.double-edged adj.duty-bound adj.easy-going adj.eco-friendly adj.ever-changing adj.ever-lasting adj.far-reaching adj.far-seeing adj.fast-paced adj.first-class adj.good-for-nothing n.hard-won adj.history-making adj.

釋義聚集節(jié)約成本的萬能的藥雙刃的責無旁貸的隨和的環(huán)保的常變的永恒的深遠的有遠見的快節(jié)奏的一流的無用的人來之不易的創(chuàng)造歷史的

例句Thebuild-upcarbondioxideeventuallyleadstotheglobalwarming.DoingbusinessonlineisundoubtedlyefficientandCost-saving.Somepeopleregardeducationasthecure-allforallthesocialproblem.Fireisadouble-edgedsword,bringingnotonlytohumanwarmth,butalsodisaster.Thegovernmentisduty-boundtoensurepeaceandsecurityforthepeople.Sweet-temperedandeasy-goinggirlsarewelcomeeverywhere.Creatinganeco-friendlysocietyisamatterofgreaturgency.Itisthequalityoftheirservicethathasenabledthecompanytostandsteadilyintheever-changingInformationAge.Whatisknowledge?Thisisanancientandever-lastingtopic.Theinventionofelectroniccomputershasafar-changingeffectonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Thefar-seeingpolicywillbringendlessbenefittofuturegenerations.Inthefast-pacedworldoftoday,itcanbedifficulttomakenewfriends.Tobeafirst-classscientist,oneshouldneverlosehopeinsetbacks.Theirlittlesonbecameagood-for-nothingduetotheiroverprotection.Peopleinthatregioncherishthehard-wonindependence.Thatwasahistory-makingdiscoveryinmedicalWord文檔ill-mannered adj.labor-saving adj.noble-minded adj.on-going adj.poverty-striken blem-solving adj.self-centered adj.self-cultivation adj.self-evident adj.self-interest adj.self-motivated adj.self-reliance n.self-respect n.so-called adj.time-honored adj.time-consuming adj.user-friendly adj.

無禮的節(jié)省體力的品格高尚的正在進行的貧窮的解決問題的自私的自我修養(yǎng)不言而喻的私利自我激勵的自力更生自尊所謂的歷史悠久的耗費時間的容易使用的

`history.TheEnglishmanthinksitisill-manneredtoaskpersonalquestions.Notallinventionsarelabor-savingmachineslikethecomputers.Yournoble—mindedspiritisshownbyyourblooddonation.Theon-goingsocialchangehasmuchtodowiththedevelopmentofscience.Manypeoplecomplainthatthehightuitionfeeactuallykeepspoverty-strickenstudentsawayfromthecollegedream.Veryfewofushavehadtrainingonproblem-solvingtechniques.Trytoavoidbeingself-centeredintheworkplace.Self-cultivationcarriesmoreweightcomparedwithgoodappearance,simplybecauseitisever-lasting.Itisself-evidentthattheeducationoftheyoungisvitaltothefutureofacountry.Itwasself-interestthatfinallydestroyedhiswholelife.Themostsuccessfulstudentsareself-motivatedandsettheirowngoals.Self-relianceisthebasicculturalvalueoftheAmericanfamily.Withself-respect,youwillseeyourselffortheunique,specialandwonderfulbeingthatyouare.Theso-calledexpertturnedouttobearesearchstudents.Time-honoredandtraditionaltheSpringFestivalisthemostimportantholidayinChina.Takingcareofthisbeautifulgardeniscertainlytime-consuming,butitisalsoworthwhile.Theyaretryingtobuildupauser-friendlyandWord文檔`reliabletaxibookingsystem.well-balancedadj.均衡的Themostsuccessfulweight-lossplansincludeawell-balanceddietandexercises.well-beingn.幸福；健康Musichasthepowertodelightthelistenerandimprovehissenseofwell-being.well-informedadj.消息靈通的Tobewell-informed,weshouldformthehabitofreadingnewspapersandmagazines.well-organizedadj.有序的Ifthecontentofthewebpageiswell-organized,itwillbemucheasierforuserstogetinformation.well-roundedadj.全面的Weareexpectedtobecomewell-roundedgraduatesbytryinglotsofdifferentthings.whole-heartedadj.全心全意的LearningEnglishinvolvesalotofhardshipandthereforerequireswhole-heartedcommitment.win-winadj.雙贏的Therelationsbetweenthesidescanbeawin-windescribedasasituation.○五十組常用同義詞普通詞匯詞性釋義advantagen．優(yōu)勢agen．年代aimn．目標difficultyn．困難disadvantagen．劣勢effectn．作用fearn．害怕methodn．方法thingn.事情worryn．擔憂decreasen./v.下降increasen./v.增加/上升causev．導致dealwithv．處理developv．培養(yǎng)getv．得到giveupv．放棄

同義詞匯merit,strength,strongpoint,benefitera,times,periodgoal,purpose,end,target,objectiveobstacle,setback,hardshipdrawback,weakness,weakpoint,shortcoming,limitationinfluence,impact,function,rolealarm,fright,panic,terror,horror,dreadapproach,means,techniqueissue,case,affair,event,incident,business,matterconcern,anxietyfall,drop,decline,shrinkriseresultin,giveriseto,bringabout,leadtocopewith,handle,tackle,addresscultivate,train,educate,fosteracquire,attain,achieve,obtain,gainquit,abandon,giveinWord文檔happen v. 發(fā)生hatev.恨improvev.進步lovev.喜歡needv.需要opposev.反對payattentionv.重視toprotectv.保護realizev.意識到removev.消除showv.表明supportv.支持thinkv.想badadj.壞的beautiful adj. 美麗的dangerousadj.危險的difficultadj.困難的good adj. 好的helpfuladj.有幫助的importantadj.重要的lastingadj.永久的manyadj.許多muchadj.許多properadj.合適的alwaysadv.常常graduallyadv.平穩(wěn)地

`occur,takeplace,comeintoexistence/being，comeabout,dislike,befedupwith,beboredwithenhance,advance,makeprogress,changeforthebetterprefer,becrazyabout,befondof,befascinatedby,bekeenonrequire,demand,callforbeagainst,objectto,disapproveoffocuson,attachimportanceto,emphasize,lay/placestresson,recognizethevalueofguard,defend,preserve,conservebeawareof,beconsciousofgetridof,wipeouteliminate,doawaywithindicate,reveal,suggest,display,demonstrate,illustrate,depict,represent,presentbefor,backup,onthesideof,infavorof,approveofassume,maintain,suppose,insist,consider,regardawful,terrible,unsatisfactory,harmful,inferior,negative,illcharming,gorgeous,sweet,adorable,eye-catching,breath-takinginsecure,risky,unsafe,threatening,poseathreattohard,tricky,complicated,complex,confusing,puzzlingoutstanding,fantastic,amazing,fabulous,unbelievable,incredible,spectacular,marvelous,remarkable,superior,positivebeneficial,profitable,rewarding,advantageoussignificant,essential,major,carrymuchweight,key,leading,vital,critical,crucial,primary,profoundeternal,perpetualnumerous,countless,avastnumberof,manyagreatmanymassesofawealthof,plentyoflogical,reasonable,sound,appropriate,practicalfrequently,regularly,constantly,atalltimessteadily,smoothly,slightly,moderately,mildlyWord文檔quicklyadv.很快地rarelyadv.偶然sharplyadv.急劇地thusadv.因此veryadv.很about prep. 關(guān)于around prep. 大約○一百個高分詞組

`rapidly,swiftly,atanamazingrateaccidentally,bychance,byaccident,bycoincidencedramatically,enormously,steeply,considerably,significantly,markedly,noticeablytherefore,consequently,accordingly,asaresultextremely,deeply,greatly,highly,uncommonly,unusuallyconcerning,regarding,asto,asfor,withregardto,whenitcomestoabout,approximately,roughly高分詞組 釋義aboveall 最重要的是accountfor 解釋，占據(jù)actas 擔當adaptto 適應(yīng)addto增加afterall畢竟atallcosts 不惜一切代價atanyrate 無論如何atlarge 大體上atrisk處于危險中attheexpense以為代of價attach重視importancetocallfor需要copewith 處理count for 毫無價值

高分詞組beaddictedtobealerttobeappliedtobeassociatedwithbeavailabletobeawareofbeboundtobecapableofbedyingforbeinvolvedinberesponsibleforgainanadvantageovergiveandtakegiveprioritytogiveriseto

釋義上癮警惕應(yīng)用于聯(lián)系（可）得到意識到必定有能力做渴望參與，涉及為負責和比有優(yōu)勢互相遷就優(yōu)先做導致

高分詞組bearinmindbelieveinbelongtobringaboutbutforbyallmeansbyandbybyandlargebevitaltobesuperiortoinessenceinfavorofIntermsofinthecaseofin the long

釋義記住相信屬于導致要不是盡一切辦法逐漸地總體上對至關(guān)重要優(yōu)于本質(zhì)上支持在方面就而言從長遠Word文檔`nothingdeprive of 剝奪devote to 奉獻dueto由于exposeto使接觸

havealottodo和密切with相關(guān)haveaccessto能得到headfor走向huntfor尋找

run來看inthissense在此意義上invain徒勞地inviewof鑒于makea有影響differenceforlackofforthesakeoflay a solidfoundationforlaystressonlendahelpinghandlieinliveuptoposeathreattoplacehopeon

由于缺乏為了為打下扎實的基礎(chǔ)重視幫助存在于達到對構(gòu)成威脅寄希望于

keepabalancebetweenkeeppacewithonaregularbasisonaccountofonone’spartoutofquestionoutlookonliferegardlessofrespondto

保持平衡并駕齊驅(qū)定期由于就 來說沒問題人生觀不管對做出反應(yīng)

make做貢獻contritiontomakethe充分利mostof用onreflection反思orelse否則originate來自于fromoutofthe不可能questionserveto起作用sideeffect副作用springup 涌現(xiàn)prosandcons利弊prejudice對的歧against視shoulderthe肩負的responsibility責任totakefor認為是granted理所當然turnablind熟視無睹eyetowidenone’s拓寬視野horizon

runoutofstriveforsufferfromtakegreatpainstodoturnadeafeartoworkon

耗盡努力爭取遭受極力去做充耳不聞致力于

thanksto多虧takepridein以為驕傲tosome某種程extent度上trialanderror 反復試驗ultimategoal 終極目標FocusedPracticeWord文檔`SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.(**友情提示：本題共十個空，請按題號填涂 )A.frowned B.negative C.national D.appreciation E.effectiveF.tendency G.approach H. ranked I. enhanced J.unpopularK(=ABD).namedWhatarethethingsthatfirstcometoyourmindwhenyouthinkoftheUK?Aretheynonstoprain,politemanners,boringfoodandteadrinking?SomeoftheUK’s(41)_______stereotypesaretrue,anewsurveyhasfound.Forexample,Britishpeopledohavea(an)(42)______todrinklotsoftea.Theresearchpolled1,402foreignerslivingintheUKontheiropinionsabouttheBritishwayoflife.Unsurprisingly,themajorityofthem,almost70percent,saidtheyenjoyedlivinginthecountry–goodmanners,especiallyUKpeople’extraordinarysabilitytoqueue,arethemainreasonsforforeigners ’(43)______.Morethanone-thirdsaidtheylikedB ritishpeople ’srestrained(44)______toemotion.However,thereareaspectsofBritish culturethatare(45)______upon.Theheavyalcoholdrinkingculture(46)______astheleastfavoritetrait,followedbytheBritishsenseofhumorandthecountrysbad’weather.Itmaynotbetoohardtounderstandwhyheavydrinkingandbadweatherare(47)______,butwhat’swrongwiththeBritishsenseofhumor?Britishhumorisknownforbeingdryandsatirical( 諷刺的),soitisgenerallymore(48)______.WhenitcomestomakingtheBritishlaugh,thereisnothingmore(49)______thanasociallyinappropriatejoke,notedtheBBC. “Britonsaremorecomfortablewithlife ’slosers, ”wactorRickyGervaisinanarticlepublishedinTimemagazine.“ThemajorityofnationalitieshavestereotypesfittedaroundthemandBritonsdon’escapetthis, said”LiamClifford, thefounderofGlobalVisas,thewebsitethatconductedtheresearch.“Peopleprobablycomeherewithastereotype-basedpreconceptionofwhattoexpect.It ’sgoodtoseefromoursurvey,though,that,inthemajorityofcases,thisreputationisactually(50)______uponlivinghere. ”III.ReadingComprehension （47%）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Coffeecanbeconsideredoneofnature'sgreatestgifts.Itgivesmentalandemotional(51)______withoutharmfulsideeffects,(likealcoholortobacco),anditcontainsawealthofnutrients.Yet,whenmostpeopledrinkcoffee,theyarenotthinkingthatthebeverageis(52)______theirhealth.Infact,somemayevenfeelalittleguilty,(53)______theybelievecoffeeisn'tgoodforWord文檔`youatall.Well,here'sthetruthofthematter.Coffee,likeanythingelse,cancauseproblemsiftoomuchis(54)______.Intheshort-term,toomuchcoffeewillcauseinsomnia,nauseaandhypertension.Inthelong-term,toomuchcoffeewillcausestomachproblems,teethstaining,andhighcholesterol.Asforthebenefits,moderateconsumptionofcoffee,(whichmeans1to4cupsaday),suppliesyourbodywithawealthofantioxidants.Thesesubstancesare(55)______foreliminatingfreeradicals(自由基).Theyarethechemicalbyproductsproducedanytimeyourbodydoessomething.Asmallnumberofthemcanhelpserveasabufferagainstnegativeelements,butiftheyaren'tkeptincheck,theycancausehealthproblems.Antioxidants(56)______thatthisdoesn'thappen.Thepsychologicaleffectsofcaffeinecannotbe(57)______either.Notonlydoescaffeinemakeyoumore(58)______,butitcanactuallyaffectyourmood.Ifyouwerefeeling(59)______oroverwhelmed,anicecupofcoffeecouldchangeyourperspective.Thestackofworkthatseemed(60)______beforeisn'tevenaproblemnow.(61)______,caffeinehelpsstimulatecreativityasitspeedsupthebody'sfunctioning. That'swhy coffeeisoften (62)______with writers andotherintellectual professions.Other drugs(63)______tomakepeopledumber.Considerwhathappenswhenpeoplegethighoffofcrackorwhentheygetdrunkoffofalcohol.Theywon'tbefunctionalatall.Butwithcoffee,anindividualgetsacreativeboostwhilestillhelpingtheirbodies.Inconclusion,don'tfeelbadwhenyou'rebrewingyourmorningcupofcoffee.(64)_______acanofsodaorashotofalcohol,coffeewillmakeyoufeelwonderfulwhilekeepingyouhealthy.Justremember,youdohavetoconsumethebeverage(65)______.51.A.reactionB.clarityC.freedomD.challenge52.A.improvingB.damagingC.adjustingD.stimulating53.A.thoughB.soC.whileD.since54.A.purchasedB.cherishedC.takenD.promoted55.A.suitableB.responsibleC.convenientD.famous56.A.ensureB.assumeC.threatenD.indicate57.A.ignoredB.achievedC.measuredD.abandoned58.A.attractiveB.attentiveC.alertD.approachable59.A.incompetentB.guiltyC.depressedD.embarrassed60.A.doubtfulB.unknownC.impossibleD.improper61.A.BycontrastB.InadditionC.ForexampleD.Inbrief62.A.popularB.comparedC.familiarD.associated63.A.meanB.tendC.supposeD.expect64.A.DespiteB.WithoutC.ApartfromD.Unlike65.A.atwillB.atrandomC.inparticularD.inmoderationHomeAssignmentSectionBWord文檔`Directions: Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.procedure B.original C.occasions D.inherited E.characteristicsF.rooted G.single H.involves I.occurring J.identifying K.separateGenesarefoundineveryplantoranimalcell.Theyarethebasicunitsoflifethatarecapableofpassingspecific41fromonegenerationtoanother.Forexample,whetheryouaretallorshortdependsuponthegenesthatyou42fromyourparents.Cloningplantsoranimalsisaprocessthat43theproductionofaneworganismthatisgeneticallyidenticaltotheorganismfromwhichcellsweretaken.Althoughthis44hasarousedgreatinterestaroundtheworldoverthelasttenyearsorso,cloningisnotsomethingnewinnature.Mostmothersgivebirthtojustonechildatatime;however,onrare45amothermaygivebirthtoasetoftwins.Ifthesetwochildrenareidenticaltwins,thentheyareinfactnaturally46clonesofeachother,althoughnotoftheparents.Thereasonforthembeingclonesisthatthetwochildrenoriginatedfromone47eggandconsequentlytheyaregeneticallyidentical.Twinsthatdevelopfromtwo48eggsarenotclonesofeachother.Cloningalsooccursnaturallyinplants.Strawberryplantsreproducethemselvesbysendingoutrunners,ormodifiedstems,andtheserunnerstakerootashortdistancefromthe49plantandstarttogrow,andtoproducefruit.Intime,thisplantsendsoutrunnersofitsownthatalsotakeroot.Thisisknownasasexualreproduction;inotherwords,reproductionthatdoesnotinvolvethefusion(融合)ofmaleandfemalecells.Thenewly50plantsareclonesoftheoriginal.Inadditiontostrawberryplants,certaintypesofflowersandgrassesreproducethemselvesinthesameway.Throughouthistory,peoplehavealsofacilitatedcloningbytakingsmallcuttingsfromplantsandthengrowingthemintonewplants.Thisformofcloningiscalledvegetativepropagation.III.ReadingComprehension （47分）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.RobertFrank,aneconomistatCornell,believesthathisprofessionisrestrictingcooperationandgenerosity.IntheU.S.,economicsprofessorsgive__51__moneytocharitythanprofessorsinotherfields. EconomicsstudentsinGermanyaremorelikely thanthosefromothermajorstorecommendanoverpricedplumber(水管工