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ENGINE杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研FuelFlexibilityp-討會(huì)en插電式混合動(dòng)動(dòng)力車ELECTRICACCESSORIESADVANCEDENGINEPETROLEUMAND/ORELECTRICITYBATTERYRECHARGE76hpgasolineengine,67hpelectricmotor,9.0kWhbattery(30mi)InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)PercentageofVehicleFleetInUse(%)CumulativeFuelConsumed(gallons)5101520250010515202530TimeofDay(hr)InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity03010050150200250300PHEV40?8647totalmilesdriven?共行駛8647英里58mpg&140Wh/miPHEVs:>40%reductioninoperatingcosts>$500annualsavings37mpg76mpg&211Wh/miAssumes$2.41/galand9￠/kWh$1.58$1.21$2.48$3.45$0.48$0.72------9.1PHEV20PHEV40HEVCV混合動(dòng)力車的的實(shí)際節(jié)油效效果1會(huì)w.40400Conventional35350會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enE-Transportationisthemostsignificanttechnologicalrevolutionafterthecellularandtheinternet.電動(dòng)交通是移移動(dòng)電話和互互聯(lián)網(wǎng)后的最最重要的技術(shù)術(shù)革命。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity電動(dòng)車對(duì)動(dòng)力力電池的需求求在持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)騰務(wù)w.to20杰1汽1會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)?MWreservepowerplants.兆瓦級(jí)儲(chǔ)能電電站。evt.InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity鈦酸鋰電池移移動(dòng)儲(chǔ)能電站站Electrovaya,InternationalBattery,Ultralife,Valance,Saft.BYD磷酸鐵鐵鋰電電池固固定儲(chǔ)儲(chǔ)能電電站規(guī)模儲(chǔ)儲(chǔ)能是是動(dòng)力力電池池的又又一重重要市市場(chǎng)騰務(wù)?Managefluctuationsinelectricitydemand.平抑電電網(wǎng)波波動(dòng)。。w.to?Manufacturerstotakeapart:A123,Altairnano,Enerdel,20杰1汽1encom會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研differentcellmodels.te討會(huì)會(huì)>120differentcellmodelsno?UltraHighpower超高功功率(>20C)-19manufacturers,.Marketgrowof15%CAGR(復(fù)合合年均均增長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)率)peryeardrivenbytheEVgrowingmarket,Cellcostsaredecreasingby8%peryear(Source:IIT).InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity動(dòng)力電電池的的現(xiàn)狀狀杰2011汽汽?Highpower高功率率(>10C)-84manufacturers,>1500op-騰務(wù)w.vet.cm中日韓韓在動(dòng)動(dòng)力電電池制制造方方面占占支配配騰務(wù)車力地動(dòng)位杰1汽20w.電池to研討ev會(huì)t.Far-Eastmanufacturersdominatethemarket臺(tái)灣InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1會(huì)wwgep-encom杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enPouch.mcoInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity動(dòng)力電電池的的包裝裝方式式Prismaticcells?較好的的傳熱熱安全性性好使用壽壽命長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)1騰務(wù)w.toevtcellsCylindricalcellsCellSize[mm]Cap[Ah]CyclelifeTemprangeWeight[gr]Weightenergydensity[Wh/Kg]Volumeenergydensity[Wh/L]p-Weightconstantpowerdensity[W/Kg]會(huì)Vdensity[W/L]A123-AHR18700M1ULTRAD=18L=700.71000to90%-10to10038601291085523169A123-AHR32157M1HDD=32L=157101000to80%-30to603041082611085526148Saft-VL12VD=47L=17312500to80%-30to6064067144843718000杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研功率最最高的的磷酸酸鐵鋰鋰電池池1討騰務(wù)w.toInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversityBeijingChinaPowerel北京中中潤(rùn)恒恒動(dòng)電電池有限限公司司850x560x71200500to80%?7000102211028213Lionik深圳市市龍鋰鋰實(shí)業(yè)業(yè)有限公公司255x145x55100500to80%-20to60360010518610551868單體電電池容容量最最高的的高功功率動(dòng)動(dòng)力電電池騰務(wù)w.CellSizeCapCycleTempWeightWeightVolumet[mm][Ah]liferange[gr]energyenergypowerdensitydensitydensitydensity[Wh/Kg][Wh/L][W/Kg][W/L]杰2011汽汽t.CellVCap[Ah]Cyclelifeto80%Weight[gr]Weightenergydensity[Wh/Kg]Volumeenergydensity[Wh/L]務(wù)Weight力wwpowerw.getdensity[W/Kg]Volumepowerop-density研討會(huì)ev[W/L]enAdvancedbatteryfactory12010073.31.2100043922395525m14372Q-LiteIndustrialICR18650HH3.71.35004012027530066885CENSEnergyTechCo18650P3.21.12000457821228447742AmericanLithiumIncNo-P.N3.21.5200034.314029027985806HenanBideliEnergyICR18650P3.71.45003813630627266129SamsungINR18650-15R3.61.55004512032620005443杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)功率最最高的的18650電電池Highcompetitivemarketwithalmost50differentcellmodelsInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰CellVCap[Ah]Cyclelifeto80%Highoper.Temp.[c]Weightenergydensity[Wh/Kg]Volumeenergydensity[Wh/L]Weightpowerdensity[W/Kg]Volumeent.cpoweromdensity[W/L]SaftVL32600-1254.2420012512325961129AdvancedBatteryFactory3.2v/60ah3.660300090801276661060杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)操作溫溫度最最高的的動(dòng)力力電池池EVneedsbatterieswithupto80Chightemperatureoperatingrange…mInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)w.toevCellI.DWh/KgChargeRateCycleLifeGPLbattery,GE-32AH-02,32AH939.38C500GAIAUHE-341440,7.5AH8416C500ToshibaSCiB6511.9C6000StandardChargeQuickChargeFastCharge務(wù)力UltraFastChargewww.<C/3C/3<,<2C>2C>10C杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)to研討ev會(huì)t.快速充電電動(dòng)力電電池?短問(wèn)題的的最經(jīng)濟(jì)濟(jì)的方法法。roadchargingstations.CurrentMarketUltrafastchargingcellUltra‐fast

chargeStationInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰電池p-enco快速充電電(upto5min,>80%capacity)是解決電電動(dòng)車?yán)m(xù)續(xù)駛里程程m杰1汽20車會(huì)務(wù)動(dòng)力w.電池to研討ev會(huì)t.ToshibaSuperChargeLithiumIonBattery-SCiB?LithiumManganeseoxideSpinelcathode-LMO?LithiumTitanateOxideanode–LTO?Rechargeto90%offullcapacityinlessthan5minutes.?Excellentsafetybecauseofhighlevelanodestability.?6000cyclesoffullD.O.Dto90%ofinitialcapacity.?Lowtemperaturedischargefrom-30C.?SCIBiscurrentlyavailableontheSchwinnTailwindelectricbike.2.4Voc65Wh/Kg131wh/l650W/Kg1316W/lVW&

Toshiba1騰wwgep-encom杰11汽會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)en?1st?Willdominatetherechargeablemarketforthenearandmidfuture.?2ndGenerationLi-IonChemistries?Betterperformance-Upto300Wh/kgwithfastrecharge.-Wideroperatingtemperaturerange.-FastCharging.?Improvedsafety.?Reducedcost.鋰空氣電電池？InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity下一代鋰鋰離子電電池動(dòng)力力電池20騰務(wù)w.toevGenerationLi-IonC杰11汽會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研動(dòng)力電池池的安全全性問(wèn)題題將影響響其市場(chǎng)場(chǎng)命運(yùn)p-討會(huì)encoIfitisnotsafeitwillnotsurvive…InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity動(dòng)力電池池的安全全性問(wèn)題題20騰務(wù)w.toevt.m杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)en鋰離子電電池的安安全性InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity安全性問(wèn)問(wèn)題引起起的損失失1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversitySafetycases1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversitySafetycases1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)en?安全性的的概念濫用安全全性abusethermalrunaway–Mechanical機(jī)械的?crush,nailpenetration擠壓、針針刺–Electrical電的?shortcircuit,overcharge短路、過(guò)過(guò)充–Thermal熱的?thermalramp,simulatedfire熱箱、火火燒?現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全全性fieldfailurethermalrunaway–Manufacturingdefects由制造瑕瑕疵引起起?Looseconnection,separatordamage,foreigndebris連接問(wèn)題題、隔膜損壞、、粉塵?Candevelopintoaninternalshortcircuit隨機(jī)發(fā)生生，引起起內(nèi)短路路?Canleadtooverheatingandthermalrunaway引起過(guò)熱熱與熱失失控InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity濫用安全全性1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity現(xiàn)場(chǎng)（隨隨機(jī)）安安全性1騰務(wù)兩種安全全性概念念的差異異杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安全全性濫用安全全性enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversityPredictable可預(yù)測(cè)的Commontoallcells對(duì)每一個(gè)電池Can/shouldbeevaluatedatthecelllevel可以通過(guò)測(cè)試進(jìn)行評(píng)評(píng)估Timeconstantsrelativelylong發(fā)生過(guò)程較較長(zhǎng)Canbeaugmentedbyprotectiondevices可以通過(guò)保護(hù)措措施進(jìn)行改改善Notpredictable不可預(yù)測(cè)的的One-in-a-million(orless)隨機(jī)小概率發(fā)發(fā)生Difficulttoevaluateatthecelllevel,orthroughQC無(wú)法通過(guò)測(cè)試試進(jìn)行評(píng)估估，也不能通過(guò)質(zhì)量量管理來(lái)完完全消除canoccurquickly發(fā)生很突然PTC,CID,shutdownseparators,electroniccontrolsnotareeffective目前所有的安安全性措施施，均不能完全消除除鋰離子電電池安全隱患1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)?發(fā)生安全事事故的鋰離離子電池，，之前均通通過(guò)UL安全認(rèn)證。。en?發(fā)生原因基基本上是不不可預(yù)測(cè)的的內(nèi)短路所所造成。而而這種內(nèi)短短路似乎是不不能完全消消除。?引起安全事事故的電池池在制造時(shí)時(shí)，均是合合格品。?目前濫用安安全性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)的測(cè)試結(jié)結(jié)果，與發(fā)發(fā)或者不發(fā)發(fā)生安全性性事故，之間間沒(méi)有任何何聯(lián)系。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity鋰離子電池池安全性1騰務(wù)w.?對(duì)于筆記本本電腦電池池，發(fā)生概概率在幾百百萬(wàn)分之一一。杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)?Majorefforthasbeenpayedtoimprovethewaysweww力電ge池研addresssafetyinlithium-ionbatteries,howeverp-討會(huì)en?在人們?nèi)绱舜酥匾曚囯x離子電池安安全性的今今天，嚴(yán)重重的安全性性問(wèn)題還時(shí)有發(fā)發(fā)生。?Thebatterycommunitydoesnothaveadequateteststoevaluatesafetyasitrelatestothesafetyincidentsthathavetakenplaceorcouldtakeplace.?人們還沒(méi)有有找到合適適的方法來(lái)來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)和評(píng)評(píng)測(cè)這類安安全隱患問(wèn)問(wèn)題?我們?cè)谧龉すぷ鳎Ｍ笆濉苯Y(jié)束時(shí)，這這個(gè)問(wèn)題得得到一定程程度的解決。。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1鋰離子電池池的安全性性騰serioussafetyincidentscanalwaysoccur.t.務(wù)w.toevcomEnergyReleased(J)熱失控的機(jī)機(jī)騰會(huì)1車杰理務(wù)動(dòng)力w.電池to研討ev會(huì)t.InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity249.9378292.573.716400.90300200100700600500400Anode/BinderAnode/SolventSEIDecompnCathodeBreakdownSeparatorOxidn@CathodeSolventOxdnJouleHeating@Cathode鋰離子電池池安全性9008000.8Ah鈷酸鋰手機(jī)機(jī)電池201汽wwge826.2p-encom杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity負(fù)極材料的的安全性改改進(jìn)1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity正極材料1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversityHeatrelease1騰務(wù)SafetyofcathodeMaterials杰會(huì)1動(dòng)20騰汽車ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)en隔膜隔膜關(guān)閉的溫溫度范圍?Strengthandphysicalintegrity抗壓機(jī)械強(qiáng)度度?Shrinkageallowance熱收縮率InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity影響電池安全全性的重要指指標(biāo)?Shutdownperformance1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)en??電解質(zhì)Solvent，non-flamableSalts，highdecompositiontemperature??Additives，F(xiàn)lame-RetardantGelelectrolyteInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enP(VdF-HFP)凝凝膠電解質(zhì)在在.mocInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity凝膠電解質(zhì)?凝膠電解質(zhì)的的放熱量與放放熱速率黃倩，廈門(mén)大大學(xué)博士論文文?燃燒過(guò)程中的的放熱總量非非常接近于純液態(tài)態(tài)電解液體系系。并且隨著P(VdF-HFP)在凝凝膠電解質(zhì)中濃濃度的增加，，其相應(yīng)的熱釋放放速率逐漸降降低。采用P(VdF-HFP)凝膠電電解質(zhì)比液態(tài)電電解液更為安安全?PMMA凝膠膠電解質(zhì)體系系中，情況卻是相反反:其燃燒反反應(yīng)的放熱總量和熱熱釋放速率都都隨PMMA的加加入而顯著增增大。1騰務(wù)w.toevt杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)鋰離子電池的的安全性是一一個(gè)復(fù)雜的系系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題en?動(dòng)力電池安全全性是一個(gè)系系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題。?從單純的電池池材料改性（（正極、負(fù)極極、電解質(zhì)、、隔膜…）是不能完全全解決安全性性問(wèn)題，但可可以大幅度地地提高。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity正極材料包覆覆1騰務(wù)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)en鈷酸鋰包覆磷磷酸鋁5-10nmAlPO4過(guò)充電前過(guò)充電后自制安全性手機(jī)電池過(guò)充電試驗(yàn)未燃燒、未爆爆炸。市售品牌電過(guò)充電池電芯InstituteofNew劇烈燃Technology,INET,TsinghuaUniversityEnergy燒1騰務(wù)高性能高安全全性動(dòng)力電池池杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電采用正極材料料表面與界面面控制技術(shù)、、電解質(zhì)添ge池研p-討會(huì)en加劑等技術(shù)，，制備出高安安全性動(dòng)力電電池。20V過(guò)充150℃熱箱箱5小時(shí)以上標(biāo)稱容量12Ah，三元氧化物物正極材料。電電池比能量大大于160wh/kg，比功率大于于1200W/kg，InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity安全很好的倍率性性能1騰務(wù)目前市售三元元?jiǎng)恿﹄姵氐牡倪^(guò)充電杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研?充電到5.2V時(shí)，發(fā)生劇烈烈燃燒p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)目前市售三元元?jiǎng)恿﹄姵亟?汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研?充電到4.15V，加熱到120℃，發(fā)生劇烈烈燃燒p-討會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電ge池研p-討會(huì)en?動(dòng)力電池的使使用壽命與成成本?如何評(píng)測(cè)動(dòng)力力電池的使用用壽命?現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)電池池的壽命狀態(tài)態(tài)（SOH）InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity鋰離子動(dòng)力電電池的使用壽壽命務(wù)w.20杰1汽1騰杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)?PHEVbatterylikelytodeep-cycleeachdaydriven:15yrsequatesto4000-5000deepcyclesw力?Alsoneedtoconsidercombinationofhighandlowfrequencycyclingandcalendarwlife電池to研討ev會(huì)t.電池循環(huán)壽命命70%50%4000DatapresentedbyChristianRosenkranz(JohnsonControls)atEVS20,2006InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)gep-encom杰1汽會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電52%.poteg池討EV-e會(huì)ntomInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity$4,005$2,865$2,919$3,002$1,998$1,992$2,004$2,020$2,079$2,407$2,454$2,433$5,117$8,433$663$-$2,000$4,000$6,000$10,000$8,000$14,000$12,000$18,000$16,000CVHEVPHEV20PHEV40transmissionengine25%電池占占電動(dòng)動(dòng)車成成本比比例ProjectedRetailPowertrainCosts-MidsizeSedans1)includingmanufactureranddealermarkups2)allcomponentcostsassumeprojectedstatuscharger/plugbattery40%motor/inverter1騰務(wù)w研ve2060%$663.c動(dòng)力電電池的的使用用壽命命杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力電?電池的的成本本占整整個(gè)電電動(dòng)車車成本本的25~60%。是一一個(gè)ge池研p-討會(huì)非常重重要的的零部部件。。en?車的使使用壽壽命：：10-15年?動(dòng)力電電池目目前的的使用用壽命命是3-7年，LG化學(xué)聲聲稱可可以有10-15年的壽壽命保保證。。?因此大大幅度度地延延長(zhǎng)動(dòng)動(dòng)力鋰鋰離子子電池池的使使用壽壽命，，使之達(dá)達(dá)到與與電動(dòng)動(dòng)車的的壽命命相當(dāng)當(dāng)，是是目前前動(dòng)力力鋰離離子電池池發(fā)展展的關(guān)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)問(wèn)題。。?需要?jiǎng)觿?dòng)力電電池使使用壽壽命評(píng)評(píng)測(cè)技技術(shù)做做支撐撐。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1騰務(wù)OhmicResistance[]OhmicResistance[]OhmicResistance[]會(huì)車動(dòng)ww力temperature電研g(shù)e池p-討會(huì)en1.8t.large1.51.3HighdeCycles50100150200250300350400450CyclesInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity1Effectsofcharging/dischargingdepth2.521.510050100150200250300350400450Cycles050100150200250300350400450ep?影響動(dòng)動(dòng)力電電池的的使用用壽命命的因因素–溫度–電流–充放電電深度度動(dòng)力電電池的的使用用壽命命評(píng)測(cè)測(cè)務(wù)EffectsofchargecurrentEffectsofw.1.21.320杰1汽1騰1.82to1.71.9evcomInternalResistanceVoltage[V]Current[A]R=ΔΔV/ΔΔI動(dòng)力力電電池池的的使使用用壽壽命命評(píng)評(píng)測(cè)測(cè)杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)動(dòng)ww力電電ge池研研p-討會(huì)會(huì)ent.Degradation35003.75RemaininglifeInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversityTemperatureofabattery3.653.63.553.83.70772500-500-1500-2500450025001500Voltageresponse/VCurrent/ADayPresentBattery*BMS:BatteryManagementSystem**PLC:ProgrammableLogicController-BatteryTemperature-BatteryVoltage-BatteryCurrentBMS*Controller(PLC**)-Internalresistancedegradationrate-Remainingbatterylife(Estimated)Monitor(ex.BasedonanInternalresistancedegradationrate)16232510341041975022Time[s]tDratektx1DegradationrateofInternalresistanceTargetAccuracy:10%LifetimejudgmentcriteriaDegradationrate(Present)1(Estimated)1騰務(wù)w.(ex.Basedonthedetectionofaninternalresistancestatus)toevcom杰1汽20會(huì)車動(dòng)動(dòng)ww力電電ge池研研p-討會(huì)會(huì)enInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity581騰務(wù)9、靜靜夜夜四四無(wú)無(wú)鄰鄰，，荒荒居居舊舊業(yè)業(yè)貧貧。。。。12月月-2212月月-22Wednesday,December28,202210、雨雨中中黃黃葉葉樹(shù)樹(shù)，，燈燈下下白白頭頭人人。。。。20:34:4820:34:4820:3412/28/20228:34:48PM11、以我我獨(dú)沈沈久，，愧君君相見(jiàn)見(jiàn)頻。。。12月月-2220:34:4820:34Dec-2228-Dec-2212、故人江海海別，幾度度隔山川。。。20:34:4820:34:4820:34Wednesday,December28,202213、乍乍見(jiàn)見(jiàn)翻翻疑疑夢(mèng)夢(mèng)，，相相悲悲各各問(wèn)問(wèn)年年。。。。12月月-2212月月-2220:34:4820:34:48December28,202214、他鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)生白白發(fā)，，舊國(guó)國(guó)見(jiàn)青青山