精選精選選修六知識點總結(jié)Unit1I詞匯及結(jié)構(gòu)wouldratherdosth情愿做….wouldrathersbdidsth情愿sb做…情愿做….而不愿意做…：wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsthIwouldratheryouhadn'ttolnbaboutityesterday.我寧愿你昨天沒有告訴我關(guān)于它。faithn.信任,信仰befaithfultosb忠實于某人keepfaithwith忠于信仰;守信havefaithin相信,信任AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext．so+adj+a（an）+（單數(shù)可數(shù)）（+that…）somany/few+n（復(fù)數(shù)）（+that…）somuch/little（不可數(shù)）（+that…）such+adj.+n.（不可數(shù)）/n（復(fù)數(shù)）eg.1）ThebookisinterestingthatIwanttoreaditagain.2）Itwasacolddaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.3）Itwascoldadaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.4）TherearemanymistakesinyourcompositionthatIcan'tunderstandit.5）Hehasmaderapidprogressthathegotthefirstintheexam.6）thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.（07陜西）A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.Sowashersuccessfulbusinessconsequentlyadv.所以，因此consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的,隨之發(fā)生的asaconsequence/result=inconsequence=soasaconsequence/resultof=becauseof5.aimwithoutaim無目的的/無目標(biāo)的（take）aimat瞄準(zhǔn)，對準(zhǔn)sb/sth'saimistodo……的目標(biāo)是….aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄準(zhǔn),力求做到,力爭達到typicaladj.典型的；具有代表性的；后接ofevident明白的，明顯的（apparent）beevidenttosb.對某人來說很明顯beevidentinsth在某方面很明顯adopt采用，收養(yǎng)adapt改編，使適應(yīng)possess用作動詞時，不能用于進行時。bepossessedofsth具有、擁有bepossessedby由…支配、控制inpossessionofsth（表主動）占有inthepossessionofsb（表被動）…被某人占有10.agreat/gooddeal大量;大量后可接形容詞比較級agreat/gooddealof后接不可數(shù)名詞1）修飾可數(shù)名詞：manyafewagood/greatmanyAgreatmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltalongthestreet.alarge/big/great//smallnumberofManya+單數(shù)名詞Morethanone+單數(shù)名詞2）修飾不可數(shù)名詞：muchagood/greatdealofalargeamountof（謂語動詞用單數(shù)）largeamountsof（謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)）3）修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞alotof/lotsofplentyofalargequantityof（謂語動詞用單數(shù)）largequantitiesof（謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)）練習(xí)：thestudentsinourschoolgotocollegeintheirteens.AgoodmanyB.AgreatmanyofC.AgreatdealofD.AlotofHeisbetternow.Don'tworryabouthim.A.moreB.agreatdealofC.anumberofD.agreatdeal11.attempt嘗試，企圖，努力attemptdoing反復(fù)嘗試做attempttodo企圖做attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doingmakeanattempttodosth/atdoingsthatone'sattempt在sb嘗試下12?on（the）onehandontheotherhand一方面另一方面bespecificto特有的，獨特的14?intheflesh活生生，本人，親自preference-preferbypreference.首先，最好inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于haveapreferencefor偏愛appealto有吸引力，使感興趣appealtosbforsth.呼吁，懇求17.reputationn.名譽,名聲liveuptoone'sreputation不負(fù)盛名loseone'sreputation失去盛名；winahighreputation贏得很高的聲譽句型：1.序數(shù)詞thefirst/thesecond/thelast（＋sb.）＋todo是一種常見結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“最早、第二最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定語；如果主語和不定式之間有被動關(guān)系，不定式應(yīng)使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)tobedone。Mymonitorisalwaysthefirsttocometoschoolandthelasttoleave.我的班長總是第一個到校、最后一個離開。Totellthetruth,hewasthelastpersontobemetwithbythemanager.說實話，他是最后一個被經(jīng)理接見的人。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是在奧運會上第一個獲得金牌的女選手。2.Itisamazing/surprising/astonishing/shockingthat?■是一種常見句型，表示“令人吃驚、震驚、驚訝等”，其中it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作句子的真正主語。這種句型可以用toone'samazement/surprise/astonishment/shock這些短語作狀語來改寫。Itissurprisingthatchildrenwhoaresevenyearsolddon'tknowhowtobrushone'steeth.令人吃驚的是，七歲的孩子還不知道怎么刷牙Toourshock,theterroristexplosioncausedoveronehundreddeaths.令我們震驚的是，這次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。語法：虛擬語氣虛擬語氣用于條件句、其它句型中與現(xiàn)在事實相反時從句用過去時（did/were）,主句用would/should/could/might+動詞原形HowniceitifIasisterlikeyou!A．was;hadB．wouldbe;hadhadC．wouldhavebeen;hadD．wouldbe;had【解析】題干表達與現(xiàn)在事實相反的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)規(guī)則選D項與過去事實相反時從句用過去完成時（haddone），主句用would/should/could/might+havedone—Wereyouintimeforthelecture?—IfItoldearlier,Iwouldhave.A．hadbeenB．wasC．weretobeD．shouldbe選A。由問句看出與過去事實相反，因而從句中使用過去完成時。與將來事實相反時，從句中可用三種形式，即動詞的過去式/should+動詞原形/wereto＋動詞原形。Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A．wouldB．shouldC．couldD．might分析：后一句實際上使用了與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，從句中使用should表示“假如；萬一”fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A．WouldyoubeB．ShouldyoubeC．CouldyoubeD．Mightyoube【解析】前一分句實際上使用的是虛擬語氣，與將來事實相反從句中使用Ifyoushouldbefired，可以省略if而把should提前到主語之前。虛擬語氣用于錯綜時間條件句：條件句和主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，主句和從句的謂語要根據(jù)各自不同的時間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式。虛擬語氣用于含蓄條件句：句中沒有條件從句，其內(nèi)容暗含在短語或上下文中。ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A．wouldnotwinB．wouldnothavewonC．wouldwinD．wouldhavewonbutfor（要不是……）引導(dǎo)的短語在句中作狀語時，句子的謂語部分常用虛擬語氣；此處表示與過去事實相反，因而使用“wouldwish后的賓語從句中：與現(xiàn)在事實相反時用were或動詞的一般過去時；與過去事實相反時用had+過去分詞；與將來事實相反時用would/could/might+動詞原形。HowIwisheveryfamilyalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A．hasB．hadC．willhaveD．hadhad在suggest，order，insist，demand，require，desire，command，request，recommend等表示建議、命令、要求、愿望的詞后面的賓語從句中；在與suggestion，order，request，advice，demand等有關(guān)的表語從句、同位語從句中；以及在It+be+suggested/ordered/requested/insisted/desired/requiredthat..句型中用“（should）+動詞原形”Thedoctorrecommendedthatyouswimaftereatingalargemeal.A．wouldn'tB．couldn'tC．needn'tD．shouldn'trecommend表示“建議"時，其后的賓語從句中的謂語用“should+動詞原形”，should可省略。.Hissuggestionisthattheharvestinbeforetherainyseasoncomes.A．getB．shouldgetC．begotD．willbegotsuggestion之后的that從句是表語從句，其中謂語用should+動詞原形”should省略。在It's（high）timethat??.句型中，謂語動詞用過去時或should+動詞原形（should不能省略），表示“早就該……”It'snouseenvyingotherstheirsuccess.It'stimethatyouhard.A．mustworkB．weretoworkC．workD．workedIt'stimethat...句型中使用動詞的一般過去時asif/asthough（好像，似乎）之后的方式狀語從句中；ifoMy句型表示“要是多好啊”中，與現(xiàn)在事實相反時動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反時用had+過去分詞；與將來事實相反時用should/would/could/might+動詞原形。Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A．breaksB．hasbrokenC．werebrokenD．hadbeenbrokenUnit2詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)：1.conveyv.傳達；運送convey...to...把……運到……convey...tosb.向某人傳達/表達（思想、感情等）conveyone'sfeelings表達感情2．transformv.轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造；變換o把某人/物改變成……transform...from從中轉(zhuǎn)變、轉(zhuǎn)化3.appropriateadj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；正?dāng)?shù)腷eappropriateto/for...對適合；適宜Itisappropriate/properthat...（should）do...……是合適的besuitablefor/to...適合的；適宜的befitfor...適合；勝任注意appropriate指適合于特殊的人及場合、地位等；suitable指適合某種情況或安排；fit指大小適合或勝任某職位；appropriate等于veryproper。4.exchangen．/v.交換；交流；調(diào)換；兌換exchangesth.forsth.拿……交換……exchangesth.withsb.與某人交換某物inexchangefor...交換；調(diào)換5．sponsorn.贊助人；主辦者；倡議者v.發(fā)起；舉辦；倡議；贊助takeit/thingseasy輕松；不緊張；從容takeone'stime別著急，慢慢來takesb./sth.seriously認(rèn)真對待某人/事take...forgranted對想當(dāng)然，認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然runoutof用完，用盡（人作主語，不用于被動）runout被用完，耗盡（物作主語）giveout（物）用完，耗盡；（人）筋疲力盡；useup用完；用光,（可以用于被動）bemadeupof由…構(gòu)成，組成makeup組成；編造；化妝makeupfor彌補……tryout測試；試驗letout發(fā)出；放走；泄露；加寬；加大衣服句型Thisiswhy.??這就是的原因。（強調(diào)結(jié)果）Thisisbecause???這是因為。（強調(diào)原因）Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat???（的原因是）一般用that引導(dǎo)表語從句，而不用because。單項填空（1）Hedidn'tgobybikewithme.That'stherewassomethingwrongwithhisbike.A．becauseB．whyC．howD．whenAwith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（見全程設(shè)計P22）語法：it用法與強調(diào)句1.用作形式主語，代替由不定式、動名詞或各種從句所表示的真正主語。worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A．ThisB．ThatC．WhatD．It【解析】it代替后面的名詞短語theway…作形式主語。作形式賓語，代指不定式、動名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語Hedidn'tmakeclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A．thisB．thatC．itD．these【解析】it代替后面的whenandwhere從句作形式賓語。ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A．thatB．itC．thisD．him【解析】it代替后面的不定式作形式賓語。表示“喜歡、恨”等心理方面的動詞，后面接it,然后再跟從句，it代指從句所表達的內(nèi)容。此類動詞有hate，dislike，enjoy，appreciate等。I'dappreciateifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A．thatB．itC．thisD．you【解析】it代指后面的if從句所表達的內(nèi)容。it用來指代上文提到的事物、情況等Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswithextrastress.A．itB．themC．oneD．him【解析】it代扌旨beingtheparentofachildwithspecialneeds這一意義。5?強調(diào)句的基本句型：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that+從句。被強調(diào)部分是人時可用who/whom代替that，強調(diào)時間、地點、原因狀語時，通常只使用that，而不使用when,where，why。被強調(diào)的部分一般是主語、賓語、各種狀語。ItwasalongtheMississippiRiverMarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.A．howB．whichC．thatD．where【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)看出，題干使用的是強調(diào)句型，因而使用連詞that。強調(diào)句的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)形式：強調(diào)句用于not...until結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was+notuntil???+that+其他部分。強調(diào)句用于一般疑問句：Is/Was+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。強調(diào)句用于特殊疑問句：被強調(diào)的通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞，其強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問詞（被強調(diào)部分）+is/was+it+that+其他部分？Itwasnotuntilmidnighttheyreachedthecampsite.A．thatB．whenC．whileD．a(chǎn)s【解析】句中強調(diào)了時間狀語notuntil，連詞使用that。判斷是否是強調(diào)句是，可把Itis/was...that去掉，剩余部分在不增減任何詞的情況下還是一個完整的句子，那么這種句子是強調(diào)句。ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.fInthestreetImetherfather.Itwasbecauseshewasillthattheydidn'taskhertodothejob.fBecauseshewasill,theydidn'taskhertodothejob.Unit3詞匯：1.abusen．/v.濫用；虐待drugabuse吸毒bebadlyabused被虐待abuseofpower濫用權(quán)力2.stressn.壓力；重音v.加壓力于；使緊張lay/put/placestresson把重點放在上；強調(diào)underthestressof為……所迫stresstheimportanceof強調(diào)……的重要性單項填空Thingscaneasilygowrongwhenpeopleareunder.A．stressB．weightC．loadD．strength3.banv.禁止；取締n.禁令bebannedfromdoingsth.被禁止做某事therebeabanon...禁止；禁令4.quitv.停止（做某事）；離開quitdoingsth.停止做某事quitoffice/one'sjob離職quitoneselfofsth.=bequitofsth.擺脫某事單項填空Hedecidedtothepositionafterquarrelingwiththemanager.A．stopB．blockC．loosenD．quiteffectn.結(jié)果；效力haveagood/badeffecton對……有好/壞的影響beofnoeffect沒效果；無用takeeffect（法律）生效；（藥）奏效bring/oeffect實施come/gointoeffect生效ineffect事實上；在實施；生效sideeffect副作用6.desperateadj.不顧一切的；絕望的bedesperatefor極需要；極向往bedesperatetodosth.非常想做某事dosth.desperately拼命地做某事indesperation絕望地；不顧一切地；拼命地disappointedadj.失望的；沮喪的bedisappointedabout/at/in...對……感到失望bedisappointedtodo做某事失望bedisappointedthat...感到失望……bedisappointing令人失望的disappointsb.使某人失望toone'sdisappointment令人失望的是8ashamedadj.感到慚愧；羞恥的beashamedthat...對感到羞恥；感到羞愧的是feel/beashamedof對……感到慚愧feel/beashamedforsb.替某人感到羞愧beashamedtodosth.恥于做某事beashamedofoneself為自己感到慚愧It'sashamethat...……遺憾Whatashamethat...……多么遺憾9.dueto由于……（不置于句首）beduetodosth.預(yù)期做某事bedueforsth.應(yīng)有；得到bedueto（doing）sth./sb.歸因于（做）某事/某人be/becomeaddictedto對……有癮。后接doingaddictoneselfto沉迷于；醉心于addictionto...對上癮；習(xí)慣于avideogameaddict游戲迷be/get/becomeaccustomedto習(xí)慣于……accustomsb./oneselfto（doing）sth.使某人/自己習(xí)慣于（做）某事be/get/becomeusedto（doing）sth.習(xí)慣于（做）某事feellike（doing）想要（做）；感覺自己像wouldliketodo想要做inspiteof不顧；不管despite=inspiteof盡管（后接名詞、代詞）regardlessof...不管，不顧注意despite和inspiteof是介詞；而although和though是連詞，引導(dǎo)從句。__C，shecametoschooltoattendtheimportantlecture.A．ThoughbeingillB．AlthoughillnessC．InspiteofillnessD．Despitehewasilltake/runarisk/risks冒險atrisk處境危險；遭受危險attheriskof冒……的危險atone'sownrisk自擔(dān)風(fēng)險atallrisks無論冒什么危險run/taketheriskof冒……的危險riskdoingsth.冒險做某事getinto陷入；染上（習(xí)慣）；開始對感興趣getintotrouble陷入困境getintothehabitof染上……的習(xí)慣getintopanic陷入恐慌getalong/onwith進展；相處getover克服getthrough接通；完成getin收割；募集（捐款）句型：Donotbedisappointedifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.即使你非得經(jīng)過多次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。（P19）before引導(dǎo)時間狀語，除了表示“在……之前”以外，還可以表示“……之后）才；（不多久）就；不等……就”。多用于下列句型中：Itwilltake/takes/tooksb.sometime＋before花費時間才……Itis/waslongbefore...過了……時間才Itwon'tbelongbefore...不久就……Itwillbelong＋before...過……多久才Unit4詞匯：phenomenonn.plphenomena現(xiàn)象glanceat=takeaglanceat匆匆一看；掃視stareat盯著看；凝視glareat瞪著眼看；怒目而視；怒視decreasevt.&vi.decrease/reduce???to/by??減小，降低到（了）；反義increaseexistvi.存在existencen.存在生存cameintoexistence產(chǎn)生supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.for/tosb.提供/供應(yīng)某物給某人providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.=pare?to?把??比作compare?with?把??和??比較comeabout發(fā)生comeacross偶然遇到comeout出版，（花；開buildup樹立，逐步建立；增加；增進（健康；；集結(jié)onthewhole=inthemain=intheabstract大體上，基本上，總的來說asawhole總體上，作為一個整體看待makeadifference有關(guān)系，有影響，有重要性makesome/no/any/notmuch/agreatdealofdifference（to...）頗有/沒有/有些/沒有多大/有很大影響（關(guān)系；makesense（of）有道理；有意義；講得通；明白；是明智的putupwith=stand=bear=standfor忍受，容忍solongas=aslongas只要；既然,由于Thereisnodoubtthat..毫無疑問..beyond/withoutdoubt無疑地doubt的賓語從句,肯定句用whether/if；否定句用thatquantityalargequantityof/largequantitiesof大量的...，許多的...inquantity;成批地，大量地alargequantityof/largequantitiesof之后接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。注意:alargequantityof...作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。largequantitiesof...作主語，謂語動詞都用復(fù)數(shù)Unit51.appointv.任命；委派；約定；指定appointsb.tobe/as...任命/指派某人成為beappointedas/tobe...被任命/指派為…appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事byappointment按照約定makeanappointment(with)與……約會match，fit，suitmatch用作及物或不及物動詞，表品質(zhì)、顏色、設(shè)計等方面匹配，即表示“與……相配，和……一致”；fit既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞，多指衣物等尺寸大小“合適，合身”；suit表示“適合”，強調(diào)衣服的顏色、式樣、質(zhì)地等適合某人，也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、條件和地位”等。Yourtiematchesyoursuitwell.你的領(lǐng)帶非常適合你的套裝。Theafterschoolprogrammesuitstheneedsofmostofthechildren.課外活動適合絕大多數(shù)孩子的需要。Noteveryshoefitseveryfoot.并非每只鞋都合腳。unconsciousadj.失去知覺的；未察覺的beunconsciousof未覺察至U；未意識至Ufall/becomeunconscious失去意識；不省人事becomeconscious清醒過來beconsciousof意識至……beconsciousthat...意識至；覺察至anxiousadj.憂慮的；不安的beanxiousabout擔(dān)心；焦慮beanxioustodosth.急切干某事；渴望做某事beanxiousfor盼望；渴望anxietyabout/over對……的擔(dān)心anxietyfor對……的擔(dān)心anxietytodosth.渴望干某事的急切心情；做的渴望panicv．/n.驚慌；恐慌getintoapanic驚慌失措beinapanic處于恐慌，驚恐中inpanic驚慌地odoingsth.使某人因驚慌而做某事panicover對……感至驚慌inastateofpanic處于驚恐狀態(tài)注意panic的過去式和過去分詞都是panicked；現(xiàn)在分詞是panicking。guaranteev.保證；擔(dān)保guarantee(sb.)sth.保證(某人)某事物guaranteethat...保證、擔(dān)保guaranteetodo保證做；擔(dān)保做beguaranteedtodosth.肯定做某事beunderguarantee在保修期內(nèi)givesb.aguarantee(that)向某人保證Thereisnoguaranteeof.../that...不能保證……7.makeone'sway前往；向前；慢慢成功feelone'sw摸索著前進fight/pushone'sWfe/齊著前進windone'swa蜿蜒前進forceone'swayout/擠出去/進來loseone'swa迷路keepone'sway-直前進makewayfor給讓路8.varyfrom...由至I」不等varyinst在方面不同；有差異varywith隨變化avariety=oVarieties種種的；各種各樣的注意variety.n變化；多樣性；variedadj.中種的；多姿多彩的；variousad種種的接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或作表語）。句型句中beabouttodo...whe表示“正要這時"，when引導(dǎo)的從句有“突然"之意，還可以用于下列句型中：bedoing...wh；enbejustabouttodo..；.wbheenonthewayto...；whbeenonthepointofdoingsth....wh；enhadjustdone...whenIwasabouttogooutwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.我正要出門，這時有人敲門。Hewaswalkinginthestreetwhenhecaughtsightofacarracingtowardshim.他正走在街上，突然看見-輛汽車朝他沖了過來。Hewasonthewayhomewhenastrangerstoppedhim.他正在回家的路上，這時有個陌生人攔住了他。Shewasonthepointofjumpingoffthebuildingwhenapolicemancame.她正要跳樓，警察突然攔住了她。Ihadjustgonetobedwhenthetelephonerang.我剛上床睡覺，這時電話響了。句中It'ssaidtha表示“據(jù)說……”，可以替換為“Sb./Itissaid”o.其中的不定式可以有多種形式（-般時、完成時、被動語態(tài)）。ItissaidthatanothertyphoonwillcomAnoobeirtyphoonissaidtocomesoon.據(jù)說又要來臺風(fēng)了ItissaidthathisfatherinlawhasbeeninfectedHisthfaAIheS;inlawissaidtohavebeeninfectedwithAIDS.據(jù)說他岳父感染了