.*;;第10頁(yè)專(zhuān)題十一主謂一致英語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)的單數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。主謂一致一般遵循語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致三個(gè)原那么。一、名詞作主語(yǔ)〔一〕單一名詞做主語(yǔ)1.某些集體名詞如family,team,audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,population等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，假如作為一個(gè)整體對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，假如強(qiáng)調(diào)其中個(gè)體成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.某些集體名詞如people,police,cattle,youth,folk等，只能當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。3.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如deer,sheep,species,means,works,Chinese等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。4.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：Thedoctor’sisacrossthestreet.〔二〕名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)1.用and或both…and連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.但是，并列主語(yǔ)假如指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。如：Aknifeandforkisonthetable.2.each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotoschool.3.假如主語(yǔ)有morethanone…或manya…構(gòu)成，盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Morethanonestudentisreadingthebook.但是，“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone〞構(gòu)造之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.4.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)不受影響，即以前面的名詞為準(zhǔn)。如：Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.5.以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等連接的名詞〔代詞〕作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原那么。如：Eitheryouorheistogo.6.假如名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest等詞語(yǔ)所指的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。7.當(dāng)表示度量、間隔、金額、時(shí)間、書(shū)名等名詞詞組做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。如：Threeyearshaspassed.8.一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞如glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但假如主語(yǔ)被“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等短語(yǔ)〞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：Apairofshoeswasunderthebed.9.thiskind/typeof+n.和n.+thiskind/typeof構(gòu)造做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of前的名詞：Thiskindofbookisharmful.Booksofthiskindareharmful.10.在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.二、the+形容詞作主語(yǔ)“the+形容詞〔或過(guò)去分詞〕〞表示一類(lèi)人或物，其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類(lèi)詞有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb,theinjured,thewounded等。三、數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)〔一〕“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞〞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapsof,halfof+名詞〞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。〔二〕“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)〞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是，“thenumberof+名詞〞的中心詞卻是number“數(shù)量〞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。〔三〕agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，如：Alargeamountof〔Agreatdealof〕damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.〔四〕oneandahalf后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.〔五〕halfof,〔a〕partof短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of后的名詞。〔六〕oneoutof/in+數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。四、代詞作主語(yǔ)〔一〕名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用做單數(shù)，也可以用做復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：Ours〔OurParty〕isagreatparty.〔二〕such,thesame起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：Suchisourplan.Sucharehiswords.〔三〕不定代詞any,none,all,some,more等單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其在文中的意義決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式，either,neither單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但是后接of時(shí)，假設(shè)of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，假設(shè)of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞更常用。如：Neitherofthemknowsyou.Nonehaveseenthefilm.〔四〕關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Thosewhowanttoanswerputupyourhands.〔五〕疑問(wèn)代詞who,what,which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。Wholivesnextdoor?ItisMike.五、從句作主語(yǔ)〔一〕由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于what所指的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，如：Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors.〔二〕在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which〞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)造中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Sheisoneofthegirlswhoarelate.但是當(dāng)one之前有theonly等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one，因此從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。如：Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslate.【例題精析】例1.I,who____yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrows.A.wasB.areC.isD.am答案：D。例2.Therestofthebooks_____putonthetop.A.wereB.areC.isD.be答案：B。專(zhuān)題測(cè)試1.Inthatcountry,therich______richer,thepoor,poorer.A.becomeB.hasbecomeC.becomesD.isbecoming2.Morethanoneworker_____dismissed.A.havebeenB.areC.hasbeenD.has3.Inourcountry,everyboyandeverygirl_____therighttogotoschool.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are4.Everymeans__tried,butthereisnoresult.A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.willbeD.were5.Eachmanandwoman_____thesamerights.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.ishaving6.ThepopulationofChina___largerthanoftheUSA.A.willbeB.areC.isD.was7.Whiskyandsoda__hisfavoritedrink.A.isB.areC.wereD.havebeen8.─____eitherheorIfitthejob?─Neitherhenoryou______.A.Am,areB.Is,areC.Are,areD.Is,is9.Allbuthimandme___tothecinema.A.aregoingB.isgoingC.wasgoingD.hasgoing10.NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris_____fondofplayingbasketball.A.amB.isC.areD.was11.Deer______fasterthandogs.A.willrunB.arerunningC.runsD.run12.Cattle____onthehillside.A.grazesB.isgrazingC.wasgrazingD.weregrazing13.──“____twentydollarsabigsumtoher?〞──“Isupposeso.〞A.WillbeB.IsC.AreD.Were14.Interest,aswellasprospects,___importantwhenonelooksforajob.A.areB.wereC.isD.was15.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming______usefulforcharacter-training.A.wasB.isC.areD.were16.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,______burntlastnight.A.isB.areC.wereD.was17.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory___yet.A.hasnotbeendecidedB.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecidedD.havenotbeendecided18.WhatIwant____aninterestingbook,whilewhathewants_____twocupsofcoffee.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are19.Thewounded______goodcareofherenow.A.istakenB.arebeingtakenC.aretakingD.isbeingtaken20.Threehours____enoughforustofinishthetask.A.areB.hasC.isD.were21.Manyastudent_____thatmistakebefore.A.hadmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.aremadeD.hasmade22.Thegasworks______nearthecity.A.isB.areC.wereD.be23.Maryistheonlyoneofthegirlswho____tobesupported.A.isgoingB.aregoingC.wasgoingD.weregoing24.Maryisoneofthegirlswho_____alwaysontime.A.isB.amC.areD.was25.Noo