20xx年翻譯資格考試(catti)一級筆譯材料如何高效又有質(zhì)量的備考翻譯資格考試(catti)一級筆譯呢？今日我給大家?guī)砹?0xx年翻譯資格考試(catti)一級筆譯材料，盼望能夠協(xié)助到大家，下面我就和大家共享，來觀賞一下吧。

20xx年翻譯資格考試(catti)一級筆譯材料

OnlineEducation:PatientLearning

Anewkindofonlineschoolwantstoteachnursing,andmore

“Ihavebeenthisclosetobuyinganursingschool.”Thisisnotasentenceyouexpecttohearfromastartupfounder.Nursingseemsaworldawayfromthehigh-techwhizzinessofSiliconValley.And,touseaventure-capitalcliché,itdoesnotscaleeasily.AustenAllred,bossofLambdaSchool,seesthingsdifferently.Histwo-year-oldfirmmatcheslaboursupplyanddemandbyprovidingfast,efficienttrainingtopotentialemployees.Itoffersfiveonlinecoursesthatpreparecandidatestowritesoftwareattechnologyfirms.Trainingnurses,moreofwhicharesorelyneededtocareforAmerica’sageingpopulation,isnotanillogicalnextstep–especiallywhenmanynursingschoolshavetoturnpeopleaway.

Insteadofrespondingtothethreatofjoblessnessposedbyautomationwithauniversalbasicincome,MrAllredwantstohelppeopletoswitchjobsfaster.Unlikemostonlinecourses,Lambdadoesnotchargestudentsupfronttoattend(thoughadmissionsarecompetitive)andonlinetuitionisliveandinteractive,notrecorded.Full-timestudentsattendforninemonths,MondaytoFriday,8amto5pmSanFranciscotime.Latecomersriskfallingbehind.Inmostrecentclasses,85%ofstudentswhobeganacoursefinishedit.

Theschoolonlystartsgettingpaidbackforitsservicesafteritsstudentshavelandedajobwhichpaysthemmorethan$50,000ayear,somethingLambdaexpendssignificantenergytohelpthemdo.Around70%ofthoseenrolleddosowithinsixmonthsofgraduation.Lambdathengetsacutofaboutasixthoftheirincomeforthenexttwoyears,untiltheyhavepaidabout$30,000.(Ortheycanpay$20,000upfront.)

Thefirmdevotesaboutathirdofitstimeandresourcestofindingjobsforitsgraduates,anunusuallyhighshare.Anotherthirdgoestorecruitingstudentsandtheresttoteaching.Coursesarecreatedwithemployers’requirementsinmind.Foritsweb-developmentprogramme,thelistgiventoLambdabycompaniesrunsto280items.Unlikecoding,nursingcannotbetaughtentirelyovertheinternet,soLambdawantstoco-operatewithnursingschoolsacrossAmericathatcouldprovidethenecessaryhands-oninstruction.

Afternursing,Lambdaplanstoworkitswaydownthelistofprofessionswiththebiggestjobshortages.Itisalsoexaminingtheproblemfromtheotherside,identifyingavailablejobsthatrequireskillsakintothoseofvictimsofautomation–truckersdisplacedbyself-drivinglorriesorcall-centreworkersreplacedbyrobocalls.

Lambda’squirkssetitapartinSiliconValley,butMrAllredisnotthefirsttorecognisethevalueofwork-focusededucationandtraining.Germanyisfamedforitswidespreadvocationaltrainingandapprenticeships.ClosertoCalifornia,theUniversityofWaterloo,atechnology-orientedCanadianinstitution,hashadgainfulemploymentwithinthefieldofstudyasoneofitscoregoalssinceitwasfounded62yearsago.Studentsseekinganinternshipcanenrollinaspecialschemewhichmatchesthemwithfirms.NorahMcRae,whorunstheprogramme,saysthatmostuniversitiesspendlittletimefindingworkforthegraduates,orteachingtheskillstheyneedtoprosperinthejobmarket.Toooftenstudentsaretreatedascashcowstobemilkedforresearchfunding.

ButMsMcRaeisalsoconcernedthatprogrammeslikeLambdaSchool,thoughwell-meaning,riskunderminingexistingeducationalinstitutionsbyofferingaquickerroutetowork.ThekindofintenseoptimisationwhichLambdaespousescannot,sheworries,replaceconventionallearning,whichstrivestocreatenotjustcapableworkersbutroundedindividuals.

SuchfearspresupposethatLambdacansucceedbeyondevenMrAllred’swildestdreams–orthoseoftheventurecapitalistswhopumped$30mintothefirminJanuary,valuingitat$150m.Studentnumbers,andsoupfrontcosts,aregrowingfasterthanrevenues.IfLambdacanturnaprofitbyofferingpeopleastabatadecentjobthatwouldbeafinelessonincapitalism.

在線教育：學(xué)習(xí)護理

一種新型網(wǎng)校想要教授護理和其他許多職業(yè)技能

“我離收購一所護理學(xué)校只有一步之遙了?！比藗儾粫氲竭@樣的話竟是出自一位創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的創(chuàng)始人之口。護理行業(yè)好像與硅谷的前沿科技風(fēng)馬牛不相及。而且用風(fēng)險投資的套話來說，這個行業(yè)不簡單很快做大。但蘭姆達學(xué)校的老板奧斯丁·奧爾雷德有不同的看法。成立于兩年前的蘭姆達供應(yīng)快速、高效的培訓(xùn)，為職場輸送新人，以此匹配勞動力供需。公司目前供應(yīng)五門在線課程，為科技公司培訓(xùn)程序員。下一步它打算開展護士培訓(xùn)，這并非不合邏輯——人口老齡化的美國亟需更多護士，尤其是在當(dāng)前許多護校無力招收更多學(xué)生的狀況下。

奧爾雷德盼望協(xié)助人們更快地轉(zhuǎn)行，而不是用所謂的“全民根本收入”來應(yīng)對自動化帶來的失業(yè)威逼。與大多數(shù)在線課程不同，蘭姆達并不在開課前收學(xué)費(盡管入學(xué)競爭劇烈)，其在線教學(xué)也是實時互動，而不是事先錄制的。全日制學(xué)生的學(xué)制為九個月，授課時間為舊金山時間周一到周五的上午8點至下午5點。中途入學(xué)者可能會跟不上進度。在近期大局部課程中，85%的學(xué)生修完了自己選的課程。

只有在學(xué)員謀得一份年薪超過五萬美元的工作后，學(xué)校才起先收取效勞回報。而為了幫學(xué)生找到一份這樣的工作，蘭姆達花費了大量精力。約70%的學(xué)員在畢業(yè)后六個月內(nèi)到達了這個目標(biāo)。在此后的兩年里，蘭姆達會抽取學(xué)員收入的約六分之一，最終累計收取約三萬美元。假如學(xué)員一次性付清，那么為兩萬美元。

蘭姆達將三分之一左右的時間和資源花在為畢業(yè)學(xué)員找工作上，這么高的比重不常見。另外三分之一用于招生，三分之一用于教學(xué)。課程是依據(jù)雇主的要求而設(shè)計的。在它的網(wǎng)站開發(fā)課程中，企業(yè)開給蘭姆達的需求多達280項。而護理有別于編程，不行能完全通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)教授，因此蘭姆達盼望與全美各地能供應(yīng)必要操作實訓(xùn)的護校合作。

在開展護理培訓(xùn)后，蘭姆達還打算逐個進軍其他人員最緊缺的職業(yè)。同時它也從另一面諦視問題，為那些被自動化淘汰的人員(例如被無人駕駛貨車取代的卡車司機，或者被自動語音呼叫取代的呼叫中心員工)找到須要類似技能的就業(yè)崗位。

蘭姆達的另類做法在硅谷獨樹一幟，但要說相識到以工作為導(dǎo)向的教育與培訓(xùn)的價值的，奧爾雷德并非第一人。德國就以職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和學(xué)徒制的普及而著名。離加州更近些的滑鐵盧大學(xué)是加拿大一所技術(shù)型大學(xué)。自62年前創(chuàng)辦以來，該校始終將找到與學(xué)生專業(yè)對口的較高收入工作作為自己的核心目標(biāo)之一。想找實習(xí)時機的學(xué)生可以注冊一個將他們與企業(yè)相匹配的特殊工程。負責(zé)該工程的諾拉·麥克雷表示，多數(shù)大學(xué)很少花時間協(xié)助畢業(yè)生就業(yè)，也很少教授他們在就業(yè)市場獲得勝利所需的技能。許多時候，學(xué)生們都被當(dāng)成了撈取探究經(jīng)費的搖錢樹。

但麥克雷也擔(dān)憂，像蘭姆達學(xué)校這樣的培訓(xùn)工程雖然啟程點不錯，但可能會因為供應(yīng)就業(yè)上的捷徑而損害現(xiàn)有的教育體系。她擔(dān)憂蘭姆達倡議的那種密集型的優(yōu)化培訓(xùn)并非是對傳統(tǒng)教育的一種好的替代，因為后者致力造就的不僅是能勝任工作的員工，還是全面開展的個體。

不過這種擔(dān)憂成立的前提是蘭姆達取得的勝利要遠遠超出奧爾雷德本人的想象——或者那些今年1月向蘭姆達投資3000萬美元、對其估值1.5億美元的風(fēng)險投資家們的想象。目前，學(xué)生人數(shù)的增長以及由此帶來的前期本錢的增速——超過了收入的增速。假如蘭姆達能通過協(xié)助人們拿下一份風(fēng)光工作來贏利，那還真會是資本主義的一條有益經(jīng)歷。

20xx年翻譯資格考試(catti)一級筆譯材料

HowBirdwatchers,OthersCanHelpMigratingBirdPopulations

Thekindsofbirdscomingthroughyourneighborhoodareprobablychanging,andsoisthetimingoftheirmigrations.

Birdwatchersnoticingthesedifferencesareplayingabigpartinunderstandinghowclimatechangeandsevereweathereventsareaffectingbirdpopulations.

JohnRowdenisdirectorofcommunityconservationattheNationalAudubonSociety,whichaimstoprotectbirdsandtheirenvironments.Hesaid,“Birdershavetobemuchmorealerttowhenbirdsarecomingthroughthantheyusedtobe,sincebirdsmaybecomingthroughmuchearlierormuchlater…”

Birdwatchersareincreasinglyseeingbirdsintheirareathatareusuallyfoundelsewhere,Rowdensays.And,theyareseeingfewerofthebirdsthatusuallytravelthrough.

“...Justbecausewe’veseenthesebirdsyearafteryeardoesn’tmeanthey’llalwaysbethere.Theyaredeclininginnumbersbecausewe’rethrowingsomanythingsatthem,soweneedtodowhatwecantohelpthem,”Rowdensaid.

Atleast314speciesofAmericanbirdsareexpectedtolose50percentormoreoftheirrangebytheendofthecentury.ThosespeciesarelistedbytheAudubonSocietyasclimate-threatenedorendangered,Rowdenadded.

AUnitedNationssciencereportissuedMondaysays1millionspeciesofplantsandanimalsareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth.

Scientistswhoissuedthereportblameddevelopmentthathasledtolossofhabitataswellasclimatechange,overfishing,pollutionandinvasivespecies.

Environmentalistssaythereareafeweasystepspeoplecantaketohelpstrugglingbirdpopulations.Theseincludeplantingnativespecies,whichleadstomorenativeinsectsforthebirdstoeat.

TheAudubonSociety’sPlantsforBirdswebsiteprovidesplantsuggestionsforpeopleintheUnitedStates,basedonwheretheyliveinthecountry.

Duringspringandfallmigrationseasons,peoplecanhelpmigratingbirdsbykeepingoutdoorlightsturnedoffandcoveringreflectivesurfaceslikelargewindows.Peoplealsoshouldmakeindoorplantslessvisibletopassingbirds.

TheAudubonSocietyalsorunsacommunityscienceprogramcalledClimateWatch.Itaimstocollectdataonhowbirdranges–ortheplacestheyarefound–arechanging.Rowdensaystheprogramaskspeopletocountthenumbersofeachspeciestheysee.TheprogramgoesfromMay15toJune15.

GeoffLeBaron,directoroftheChristmasBirdCountattheNationalAudubonSociety,sayshehasseentheeffectsofclimatechangefirsthand.

“I’vebeenabirdersinceIwasalittlekid,”hesaid.“It’sclearthatclimatechangeisaffectingandwillcontinuetoaffectbirdsonaglobalscale,andit’saquestionofwhetherornottheycanadapttowhattheclimateisthrowingatthem.”

Recorddroughts,floods,hurricanesandmorearehavingamajoreffect,hesaid.Hurricanesusuallyhappenduringmigrationseason,LeBaronnoted.Theyhaveanespeciallybigeffectonseabirds,whosemigrationpathsmightchangebythousandsofkilometersasaresult.

Expertssayseabirdsandgrasslandsbirdsaremostatriskfromclimatedisasters.Birdsknownasaerialinsectivoresarealsoatriskbecausetheinsectstheyeataregettinghardertofind.

鳥類視察者和其他人該如何協(xié)助鳥類遷徙

從你旁邊飛過的鳥類種類可能在始終改變，它們遷徙的時間也在變更。

鳥類視察者留意到這些差異可能對于他們理解氣候改變以及惡劣天氣事務(wù)如何影響鳥類種群方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用。

約翰·羅登是美國國家奧杜邦協(xié)會的社區(qū)愛護主任，該協(xié)會旨在愛護鳥類及其生存環(huán)境。他說:“觀鳥者必需比以往更加警覺鳥類何時會飛來，因為鳥類可能來得更早，也可能來得更晚……”

羅登說，鳥類視察者越來越多地發(fā)覺他們的地區(qū)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)其他地區(qū)的鳥類。此外，該地區(qū)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的鳥類反而更少了。

“……我們年復(fù)一年地看到這些鳥并不意味著它們就會始終出此時此刻那里。它們的數(shù)量正在下降，因為我們向它們?nèi)恿四敲炊鄸|西，所以我們須要盡我們所能來協(xié)助它們?！?/p>

到本世紀(jì)末，預(yù)料至少有314種美國鳥類將失去50%甚至更多的活動范圍。羅登補充說，這些鳥類被奧杜邦協(xié)會列入受氣候威逼或瀕危的物種。

周一，聯(lián)合國發(fā)表的一份科學(xué)報告表示，有101萬種動植物面臨從地球上消逝的危急。

發(fā)布該報告的科學(xué)家指責(zé)稱，開展導(dǎo)致棲息地丟失、氣候改變、過度捕撈、污染和物種入侵。

環(huán)保人士表示，人們可以采納一些簡潔的措施來協(xié)助苦苦掙扎的鳥類種群。這些措施包括種植當(dāng)?shù)匚锓N以產(chǎn)生更多的當(dāng)?shù)乩ハx供鳥類食用。

奧杜邦鳥類協(xié)會的“鳥類可食用植物”網(wǎng)站為居住在美國不同地區(qū)的人們供應(yīng)了植物種植建議。

在春、秋兩個鳥類遷徙的季節(jié)，人們可以通過關(guān)閉戶外燈光和遮蓋大塊反光玻璃等方式協(xié)助鳥類遷徙。人們也須要隱藏室內(nèi)植物，幸免路過的鳥類看到。

奧杜邦協(xié)會還進展著一項名為“氣候視察”的社區(qū)科學(xué)工程。目的是為收集關(guān)于鳥類活動范圍(或它們被發(fā)覺的地方)如何改變的數(shù)據(jù)。羅登表示，該工程要求人們記錄所看到的每個種類的數(shù)量。該工程從5月15日持續(xù)到6月15日。

美國奧杜邦協(xié)會的圣誕鳥類統(tǒng)計主任杰夫·萊巴龍說，他親眼目睹了氣候改變所產(chǎn)生的影響。

“我從很小的時候就愛視察鳥類，”他說?！昂苊黠@，氣候改變正在并將接著影響全球范圍內(nèi)的鳥類，問題是鳥類能否適應(yīng)氣候改變給它們帶來的影響?！?/p>

他說，創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的干旱、洪水、颶風(fēng)等也產(chǎn)生重大影響。萊巴龍指出，颶風(fēng)通常發(fā)生在遷徙的季節(jié)。颶風(fēng)對海上鳥類的影響特殊緊要，它們的遷徙路途可能因此變更數(shù)千公里。

專家表示，海上的鳥類和草原上的鳥類最簡單受到氣候災(zāi)難的威逼?？罩惺诚x的鳥類也處于危急之中，因為它們吃的昆蟲越來越難找到。

20xx年翻譯資格考試(catti)一級筆譯材料

SyntheticBiology:RedesigningLife

合成生物學(xué)：生命再設(shè)計(節(jié)選)

Thepromiseandperilsofsyntheticbiology

合成生物學(xué)的盼望與風(fēng)險

Thenewbiologycallsallindoubt

Startwiththemostrecentofthesepreviousshifts.Fossilfuelshaveenabledhumanstodriveremarkableeconomicexpansioninthepresentusingbiologicalproductivityfromagespast,storedawayincoalandoil.Butmuchwildernesshasbeenlost,andcarbonatomswhichlastsawtheatmospherehundredsofmillionsofyearsagohavestrengthenedtheplanet’sgreenhouseeffecttoadegreethatmayprovecatastrophic.Here,syntheticbiologycandowell.Itisalreadybeingusedtoreplacesomeproductsmadefrompetrochemicals;intimeitcouldreplacesomefuels,too.BurgerKingrecentlyintroducedintosomeofitsrestaurantsabeeflessWhopperthatgetsitsmeatinessfromanengineeredplantprotein;suchinnovationscouldgreatlyeaseashifttolessenvironmentallytaxingdiets.Theycouldalsobeusedtodomorewithless.Plantsandtheirsoilmicrobescouldproducetheirownfertilisersandpesticides,ruminantslessgreenhousegas–thoughtoensurethatsyntheticbiologyyieldssuchlaudableenvironmentalgoalswilltakepublicpolicyaswellasthecuesofthemarket.考生假如怕自己錯過考試成果查詢的話，可以免費預(yù)約短信提示，屆時會以短信的方式提示大家報名和考試時間。

ThesecondexampleofbiologicalchangesweepingtheworldistheColumbianexchange,inwhichthe16thcentury’snewlyglobalnetworkoftradeshuffledtogetherthecreaturesoftheNewWorldandtheOld.Horses,cattleandcottonwereintroducedtotheAmericas;maize,potatoes,chilliandtobaccotoEurope,AfricaandAsia.Theecosystemsinwhichhumanslivebecameglobalisedasneverbefore,providingmoreproductiveagricultureallround,richerdietsformany.Buttherewerealsodisastrousconsequences.Measles,smallpoxandotherpathogensranthroughtheNewWorldlikeaforestfire,claimingtensofmillionsoflives.TheEuropeansweaponisedthiscatastrophe,conqueringlandsdepletedanddisorderedbydisease.

Syntheticbiologycouldcreatesuchweaponsbydesign:pathogensdesignedtoweaken,toincapacitateortokill,andperhapsalsotolimitthemselvestoparticulartypesoftarget.Thereisrealcauseforconcernhere–butnotforimmediatealarm.Forsuchweaponisationwould,liketherestofcutting-edgesyntheticbiology,takehighlyskilledteamswithsignificantresources.Andarmiesalreadyhavelotsofwaystoflattencitiesandkillpeopleinlargenumbers.Whenitcomestomassdestruction,adiseaseisapoorsubstituteforanuke.What’smore,today’ssynthetic-biologycommunitylivesuptoidealsofopennessandpublicservicebetterthanmanyolderfields.Maintainedandnurtured,thatcultureshouldserveasapowerfulimmunesystemagainstrogueelements.

Theearliestbiologicaltransformation–domestication–producedwhatwashithertothebiggestchangeinhowhumanslivedtheirlives.Haphazardly,thenpurposefully,humansbredcerealstobemorebountiful,livestocktobemoredocile,dogsmoreobedientandcatsmorecompanionable(thelastapartialsuccess,atbest).Thisallowednewdensitiesofsettlementandnewformsofsocialorganisation:themarket,thecity,thestate.Humansdomesticatedthemselvesaswellastheircropsandanimals,creatingspaceforthedrudgeryofsubsistenceagricultureandoppressivepoliticalhierarchies.

Syntheticbiologywillhaveasimilarcascadingeffect,transforminghumans’relationshipswitheachotherand,potentially,theirownbiologicalnature.Theabilitytoreprogramtheembryois,rightly,thesiteofmostoftoday’sethicalconcerns.Infuture,theymayextendfurther;whatshouldonemakeofpeoplewiththeupper-bodystrengthofgorillas,ormindsimpervioustosorrow?Howhumansmaychoosetochangethemselvesbiologicallyishardtosay;thatsomechoiceswillbecontroversialisnot.

Whichleadstothemainwayinwhichthistransformationdiffersfromthethreethatcamebefore.Theirsignificancewasdiscoveredonlyinretrospect.Thistime,therewillbeforesight.Itwillnotbeperfect:therewillcertainlybe